ライフサイエンスコーパス: surfactant

1 nanoemulsions, using a food grade non-ionic surfactant.

2 behenate samples, containing 10% oil and 6% surfactant.

3 blood serum, nasal secretions, and pulmonary surfactant.

4 hich are major lipid components of pulmonary surfactant.

5 asing surface tension, which is sensitive to surfactants.

6 f air, completely different from hydrocarbon surfactants.

7 aline (PBS) medium (DMW,PBS) for 19 cationic surfactants.

8 ding loss processes for some of the cationic surfactants.

9 proteins, a composition similar to pulmonary surfactants.

10 ty, are potential replacements for synthetic surfactants.

11 ustainable alternatives to petroleum-derived surfactants.

12 the solubilization compared to the synthetic surfactants.

13 designed using ion pairs of iron-containing surfactants.

14 e determined in organic solvents and aqueous surfactants.

15 ith proteins encountered by current chemical surfactants.

16 are common to all natural and clinical lung surfactants.

17 With the assistance of surfactants, {111} or {100} faceted internal surfaces of

18 ization-enhanced graft-polymerization with a surfactant added to the reactive solution.

19 the coating compared to a procedure with no surfactant added.

20 al colloidal silica particles using salt and surfactant additives and that more pronounced order is o

21 lly exposing brood to both an organosilicone surfactant adjuvant (OSS) commonly used on many agricult

22 Surfactant adsorption and the dilatational modulus are a

23 e environmental fate of hydraulic fracturing surfactants after accidental release through chain short

24 MAM protein was extracted efficiently by a surfactant-aided precipitation/on-pellet digestion (SOD)

25 three widely used nonionic polyglycol ether surfactants (alkyl ethoxylates (AEOs), nonylphenol ethox

26 e introduction of a micelle-forming cationic surfactant allows for the templating of selenocadmate, o

27 X-100 occurred and complex was entrapped in surfactant and analyzed using DRS-FTIR.

28 Antimicrobial data elucidate both surfactant and formulation specific antagonisms between

29 mically, as graphite is found to act as a 2D surfactant and is spread at high-energy interfaces.

30 s method outperform analogous particles with surfactant and polymer coatings in both catalysis and su

31 cantly when phosphate buffer containing both surfactant and reducing agent was used as the extraction

32 Here, we present a study of surfactant and single-stranded DNA-wrapped SWNTs suspend

33 -melting fraction, with the oleic acid-based surfactants and canola oil showing little influence.

34 er crystal size whereas the oleic acid-based surfactants and canola showed no notable effect.

35 cific methods dedicated to the extraction of surfactants and drugs have been added to this comparison

36 monstrated the ubiquitous presence of strong surfactants and evidenced surface tension values, sigma,

37 Quillaja saponin extract comprises both, surfactants and phenolic compounds, which makes it inter

38 ant that has been manufactured to be used as surfactants and repellents in industry.

39 icity associated with concentrated synthetic surfactants and the poor stability at gastrointestinal c

40 harged micelles (i.e., from long chain ionic surfactants) and neutral cyclodextrins (i.e., native alp

41 synthesized via simple mixing of evaporant, surfactant, and plasticizer solvents, polylactic-co-glyc

42 of the medium, stoichiometry of the complex, surfactant, and salt concentrations were evaluated.

43 ble deep-red/near-IR fluorescence in aqueous surfactants, and are promising candidates for a variety

44 ght different surfactants, four different co-surfactants, and ultrasound and enzyme pretreatments on

45 ults demonstrated the promise of a synthetic surfactant- and cross-linker-free technique to prepare h

46 Here, a surfactant- and polymer-free approach to achieving high-

47 n and hair; this process produces polycation-surfactant anion coacervates that entrain the agent and

48 ed was investigated as a function of anionic surfactant (AOT) concentration, and pH.

49 The surfactant appears to enhance both polarization (via mon

50 release quantities due to the addition of a surfactant (approximately 0.025 and 0.1 mg fibers/g text

51 being annealed in N2 flow, the surface-bound surfactants are carbonized in situ as sacrificial archit

52 ous tubules that are stabilized when the CNC-surfactants are jammed at the interface.

53 Aqueous mixtures of two or more surfactants are often employed for research or industria

54 Lipoaminoacids, as surfactants, are an excellent option for food industry d

55 ystal (CNC)-based NP-surfactants, termed CNC-surfactants, are formed rapidly at the liquid/liquid int

56 tion of CsgB with a membrane-mimetic anionic surfactant as well as with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) cons

57 liphatic polyethers and triblock copolymeric surfactants as porogens and mesoporogens, respectively.

58 ually denaturing interaction between anionic surfactants (AS) and proteins/enzymes has both benefits

59 The results paint a compelling picture of surfactant assembly at these relatively large nanoemulsi

60 Mixed surfactant assembly was successful in retarding the degr

61 Through surfactant-assisted bottom-up synthesis, the surface-str

62 The stabilization of surfactant-assisted synthesized colloidal noble metal na

63 , assembly, and jamming of nanoparticle (NP)-surfactants at liquid/liquid interfaces, maintain all th

64 We report on the formation of surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets

65 ic coacervates could be exploited as a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model.

66 nanotubes presorted by extensively developed surfactant-based methods, is not effective for large dia

67 e exchange process to nanotubes presorted by surfactant-based methods, we show that the resulting DNA

68 The influences of solid lipid composition, surfactant blend concentration (2, 4, and 6% of formulat

69 e-directing agents compared with traditional surfactant, block copolymer or metal-organic framework l

70 combining the same FC surfactant with an HC surfactant carrying a zwitterionic phosphocholine headgr

71 Surfactant chain shortening was coupled to an increased

72 partner, in this case an oppositely charged surfactant, changes in solvent microenvironment result i

73 l of alpha-TOC and 25:12.5:2.5 mole ratio of surfactant:Chol:DCP was the optimum formulation in the e

74 ges and lung surfactant, macrophage-mediated surfactant clearance kinetics/dynamics, and cholesterol-

75 d aerogel were more uniform and coating with surfactant closed the surface openings.

76 r e.g. studies involving model membranes and surfactant coated particles.

77 via nanoparticle-tracking analysis included surfactant-coated nanobubbles when examined by freeze-fr

78 The surfactant coating present on the cerium oxide particles

79 ished by exchanging strong binding bile salt surfactant coating with DNA in methanol/water mixed solv

80 at exist at the sea surface microlayer or as surfactant coatings on cloud droplets are highly concent

81 The method works with various oil-surfactant combinations and has several important advant

82 used by the formation of stable cyclodextrin-surfactant complexes at the boundary that significantly

83 ation of foamy macrophages and alteration in surfactant composition.

84 tic fiber composition, alveolar geometry and surfactant composition.

85 We find that the oil-surfactant concentration controls the spreading behavior

86 ting aggregates gradually disassemble as the surfactant concentration throughout the solution equilib

87 ious concentrations verses a fixed sanitizer/surfactant concentration was determined using a two vari

88 ules in alphaLA-SDS complexes increases with surfactant concentration, and saturate at higher surfact

89 PDA vesicle concentration, sanitizer/surfactant concentration, and time all had a significant

90 ization time, 4% olive oil content and 2.08% surfactant concentration.

91 the air-water interface (the "plastron") for surfactant concentrations below typical environmental va

92 actant concentration, and saturate at higher surfactant concentrations than alphaLA-RL complexes.

93 the surfactant hypothesis while controlling surfactant concentrations with precision higher than can

94 differences in the biophysical properties of surfactants containing human SP-A1, SP-A2, or both.

95 each particle of the solute with molecules (surfactants) containing flexible, brush-like chains.

96 ct was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficie

97 and the impact of alginate concentration and surfactant content was markedly higher than the other tw

98 enization time, olive oil concentrations and surfactant contents) on different physico-chemical chara

99 of nanoparticles decreased at higher oil and surfactant contents, higher molarity of CaCl2 and lower

100 eolar macrophages, the cells responsible for surfactant degradation.

101 GA) nanoparticles modified with the cationic surfactant dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide and the i

102 er in oil) nanoemulsions stabilized with the surfactant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT).

103 Here, we report the synthesis of four surfactant-directed mesoporous silica nanoparticle struc

104 ticles is very challenging via the universal surfactant-directed soft-templating method.

105 or an anionic surfactant SDS or the cationic surfactant DTAB, in which cases the high CMC of surfacta

106 in adults and older children-namely complex surfactant dysfunction, lung tissue inflammation, loss o

107 n addition, we introduce an unsteady test of surfactant effects.

108 It enables low surfactant emulsion formulations with temperature-sensit

109 Solid-state surfactant esters accelerated early-stage cocoa butter s

110 Without GM-CSF signaling, surfactant-exposed macrophages massively accumulated cho

111 the total dry weight of lung surfactant, the surfactant extract adopts a single liquid-ordered lamell

112 cterization of a clinical-grade porcine lung surfactant extract using a multitechnique approach consi

113 e dispersed within vegetable oils containing surfactant, followed by CaCl2 addition resulting in hard

114 that TMAO stabilizes proteins by acting as a surfactant for the heterogeneous surfaces of folded prot

115 or the self-assembly of low molecular weight surfactants, for example, lipids, but rarely formed by p

116 is whether certain combinations of FC and HC surfactants form only one type of mixed micelle or rathe

117 this respect, the effect of eight different surfactants, four different co-surfactants, and ultrasou

118 he present study was conducted to prepare co-surfactant free, olive-oil based alpha tocopherol nanoem

119 In this study, a synthetic surfactant-free and cross-linker-free method was develop

120 Here, a surfactant-free approach to tailor the surface structure

121 ate the growth mechanism of nanoparticles in surfactant-free media is developed and it is applied to

122 elocities significantly slower than standard surfactant-free predictions.

123 targets, were continuously fabricated using surfactant-free, inertial centralisation, and ultrafast

124 synthesis for facile, scalable production of surfactant-free, thin, platinum-based nanowire-network e

125 described, which are capable of synthesizing surfactant-free, ultrafine PtSn alloyed nanoparticles (N

126 n increased expression of the IGF system and surfactant genes, which were decreased in a similar mann

127 Our results are consistent with a linear surfactant gradient force and diffusion constants approp

128 e demonstrate that chemotaxis along micellar surfactant gradients can guide these swimmers through a

129 the plastron, which can only be explained by surfactant gradients formed in the loading phase.

130 The palmitic and stearic-based surfactants greatly reduced cocoa butter crystal size wh

131 the bolus surfactant than in the aerosolized surfactant group.

132 ed cholesterol ester-rich lipid-droplets and surfactant had an increased proportion of cholesterol.

133 (CAPB), which is a biodegradable ampholytic surfactant, has recently been found to dramatically enha

134 Such unwanted surfactants have now been utilized to stabilize NPs on s

135 ses from minimization of local deviations in surfactant headgroup and counterion solvation to maintai

136 ecific interactions between water, the ionic surfactant headgroups, and counterions.

137 factor (GM-CSF) signaling normally maintains surfactant homeostasis and how its disruption causes pul

138 dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine in pulmonary surfactant; however, many of the roles of specific lipid

139 To test the surfactant hypothesis while controlling surfactant conce

140 Moreover, the study highlights that surfactants, i.e., quaternary ammoniums in the positive

141 polyvinylpyrrolidone in place of traditional surfactants-improving sensitivity and reducing temperatu

142 l instillation for the delivery of exogenous surfactant in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.

143 ne nanospheres (300 nm), water, methanol and surfactant in the solution, crucial for large area unifo

144 ing the relative concentrations of water and surfactant in these lyotropic phases also triggers forma

145 This demonstrates the significance of surfactants in deteriorating drag reduction and thus the

146 -dependent protocol can assess the impact of surfactants in SHS testing and guide future mitigating d

147 hiphilic molecules and differ from classical surfactants in that they have low cooperativity of aggre

148 er skin barrier impairment after exposure to surfactants in wash products, combined with the high cal

149 rophobic surfaces as well as insoluble lipid surfactants, including phospholipids, and proteins, a co

150 Therefore, the surfactant-induced membrane solubilization of a negative

151 These reveal that surfactant-induced stresses are significant at extremely

152 that differences in the strength of protein-surfactant interactions affect the formed structures.

153 ith cardiopulmonary failure after glyphosate-surfactant intoxication.

154 sisted formation of silica deposits based on surfactant ion transfer across nanointerfaces between tw

155 With IM-MS, the total surfactant ions were separated according to charge and s

156 from the interaction between hard water and surfactants is a contributory factor to the development

157 , which are readily solubilized by bacterial surfactants, killed the ohr strain most efficiently.

158 entally, we perform simulations inclusive of surfactant kinetics.

159 The reorientation of the DNA-surfactant lamellar layers plays an important role in pr

160 h the preferred curvature of the interfacial surfactant layer changes its sign.

161 l over the composition and properties of the surfactant layer may result in more reliable production

162 , we provide experimental validation of the "surfactant-like" behavior of Li(+) predicted by previous

163 t describe the degree of entanglement of the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the m

164 itoylphosphatidylcholine, the most prevalent surfactant lipid species.

165 We show that CD36 participates in surfactant lipid uptake by human macrophages, as CD36 kn

166 We detected decreases in specific surfactant lipids irrespective of the different patholog

167 tein with a negatively charged head group of surfactant/LPS promotes a protein-protein interaction th

168 We also show that CsgB, in the presence of surfactant/LPS, accelerates the fibrillation rate of Csg

169 reathing and prevent alveolar collapse, lung surfactant (LS) develops a complex membranous system at

170 Lung surfactant (LS) is an essential system supporting the re

171 Many new technologies utilize surfactants, macromolecules, and even nanoparticles, whi

172 composition in alveolar macrophages and lung surfactant, macrophage-mediated surfactant clearance kin

173 MCH promoted surfactant maturation (SFTP-B, SFTP-D, ABCA3) at the mol

174 xia signalling, lung liquid reabsorption and surfactant maturation, which may be an adaptive response

175 e substrate and the product are separated by surfactant-mediated capillary electrophoresis (CE) and q

176 les of a hexagonally ordered polyelectrolyte-surfactant mesophase based on the electrostatically indu

177 g interactions in polyelectrolyte-azobenzene surfactant mesophases can be exploited for photo-induced

178 n toxic heavy metals present in water, using surfactant-metal complexes as analytes.

179 polarization (via monomer solubilization in surfactant micelles) and adherence of graft-polymer to t

180 ucidation of the micellar mixing behavior of surfactant mixtures remain challenging, as evidenced by

181 f critical micellar concentrations (CMCs) of surfactant mixtures that is based on a fit of the experi

182 hese findings with molecular details on lung surfactant mixtures together with the presented NMR meth

183 Here we report a surfactant-modified dealloying method to tailor the surf

184 mplex emulsions, driven by enzyme-responsive surfactants, modulate the transmission of light through

185 rolled synthesis of ScOOH nanomaterials, the surfactant molecule Na3 Cit not only helps to manipulate

186 Raoult effect, driven by the displacement of surfactant molecules from the droplet bulk to the drople

187 like the RL-protein complexes, the number of surfactant molecules in alphaLA-SDS complexes increases

188 chable catalyst, catalyzing the formation of surfactant molecules inside the vesicle in response to a

189 , the physicochemical constraints imposed by surfactant molecules limit the access to this large asym

190 ission only through interaction with anionic surfactant molecules, representing anionic amphiphiles o

191 show that, as the radius of a clinical lung surfactant monolayer-covered bubble decreases to approxi

192 The morphology of surfactant monolayers is typically studied on the planar

193 derived from patients carrying a homozygous surfactant mutation (SFTPB(121ins2)) restores surfactant

194 The polymer-surfactant nanoaggregates thus formed via electrostatic

195 between proteins and AS as well as nonionic surfactants (NIS) are of both basic and applied relevanc

196 saturated long chain fatty acid and alcohol surfactants, nonanoic acid and nonanol, respectively.

197 minophenol (Br-PADAP) in the presence of the surfactant octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-114).

198 Via DSC, the palmitic and stearic-based surfactants only associated with cocoa butter's high-mel

199 The effect of the addition of inulin as a surfactant or stability agent on white compound chocolat

200 me and the percentages of total lipid, total surfactant or stabilizer) were optimized using the Plack

201 in-oil emulsions, without the need for added surfactants or chemical modification of the graphene.

202 ently require shape-directing agents such as surfactants or polymers that force growth in a particula

203 d using ball milling with the help of liquid surfactants or solid exfoliation agents, as ball milling

204 The surfactant permeabilizes the lipid bilayer membrane to f

205 y may guide further development of pulmonary surfactant pharmaceuticals that better mimic the physiol

206 asing concentration of the adhesion-reducing surfactant pluronic.

207 ility, pristine SWCNTs are often coated with surfactants, polymers, DNA, proteins, or lipids.

208 We achieve this by using nanoparticle surfactants: polymers and nanoparticles of complementary

209 , but did not alter the numerical density of surfactant positive cells in lung tissue.

210 This study highlighted the fact that surfactant precipitation can be used as a primary recove

211 Surfactant precipitation was employed for the first time

212 factant DTAB, in which cases the high CMC of surfactant precludes high monomer concentration within m

213 l tert-octylphenyl ether (Triton X-114) as a surfactant prior to its detection by atomic fluorescence

214 urfactant mutation (SFTPB(121ins2)) restores surfactant processing in AEC2s.

215 In the lung, surfactant protein A (SP-A) enhanced interleukin-4 (IL-4

216 Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a hydrophilic glycoprotei

217 Surfactant protein A (SP-A) modulates host responses to

218 Surfactant protein C (SP-C) has been suggested to be an

219 Inhibition of SCD reduced surfactant protein C expression and suppressed rhinoviru

220 tion analysis showed that baseline values of surfactant protein D (46.6 ng/mL vs 34.6 ng/mL, p=0.0018

221 RATIONALE: Recombinant fragment of human surfactant protein D (rfhSP-D) has been shown to suppres

222 Mice deficient in surfactant protein D (Sftpd) develop progressive age-rel

223 recognition domains (CRDs) of lung collectin surfactant protein D (SP-D) recognize sugar patterns on

224 ptor for advanced glycation end products and surfactant protein D) and endothelial injury (angiopoiet

225 eceptor for advanced glycation end products, surfactant protein D, angiopoietin-2, interleukin-6, int

226 ding of three innate immune lectins, namely, surfactant protein D, human galectin-8, and Siglec-14, t

227 alysis, we identified four serum biomarkers (surfactant protein D, matrix metalloproteinase 7, CA19-9

228 tspots near VMP1/MIR21 and indel hotspots in surfactant protein genes (SFTPA1, SFTPB, and SFTPC).

229 Numerical density of surfactant protein positive cells was determined by immu

230 tributed to SP-C or to the other hydrophobic surfactant protein SP-B.

231 ssion of the gene (SFTPA) encoding the major surfactant protein, SP-A, in midgestation human fetal lu

232 Either deletion of TLR4 or HA synthase 2 in surfactant-protein-C-positive AEC2s leads to impaired re

233 Examples include surfactant proteins in lung alveoli, albumin in liver pa

234 gs exhibited induction of genes that express surfactant proteins, ABCA3, GM-CSF, podoplanin, and cave

235 Gas microbubbles stabilized with lipids, surfactants, proteins and/or polymers are widely used cl

236 Moreover, surfactant remediation methods must be carefully analyze

237 However, surfactant removal to obtain clean surfaces for catalysi

238 ly respiratory distress who had not received surfactant replacement to treatment with either nasal hi

239 ed with chambers to determine the effects of surfactant residues.

240 ure 2D or 3D net using an anionic or neutral surfactant, respectively.

241 Sanitizer/surfactant response at various concentrations over time

242 ening" toothpastes, followed by alkaline and surfactant-rich toothpastes.

243 alphaLA-RL and Mb-RL form surfactant-saturated complexes above 5.6 and 4.7 mM RL,

244 , no improvement was obtained for an anionic surfactant SDS or the cationic surfactant DTAB, in which

245 Xylem surfactants showed strong surface activity that reduces

246 , complexes between alphaLA and the chemical surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were also invest

247 Oil droplets in an aqueous surfactant solution are driven by interfacial Marangoni

248 condensing water vapor onto a subcooled oil-surfactant solution.

249 mpound, trans-2-hexenal, and coated with the surfactant, sorbitan monooleate.

250 The influence of surfactants (Span60 and Tween60) in different mole ratio

251 ermined at pH 5.4 demonstrated that cationic surfactant species account for the observed DMW,PBS.

252 Oil-soluble surfactants stabilize the resulting emulsions.

253 We show demulsification of surfactant-stabilized brine-in-oil emulsions via coalesc

254 ength (IS) on the transport and retention of surfactant-stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and th

255 duction and thus the importance of including surfactant stresses in SHS models.

256 strates that the molecular structure of lung surfactant strongly depends on the concentration of chol

257 allization kinetics, though this depended on surfactant structure and concentration.

258 or all emulsions, and depended mainly on the surfactant structure used.

259 We hypothesize that xylem surfactants support water transport under negative press

260 Liquid-state surfactants suppressed cocoa butter crystallization at a

261 d/sodium octanoate as a simple and effective surfactant system provided an improved catalyst system f

262 e such mixtures offer advantages over single-surfactant systems.

263 od-like cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-based NP-surfactants, termed CNC-surfactants, are formed rapidly

264 ng visible colour change out of 8 sanitizers/surfactants tested.

265 nstem regions) remaining higher in the bolus surfactant than in the aerosolized surfactant group.

266 ort the discovery of an ionic small molecule surfactant that undergoes water-induced self-assembly in

267 y and manufacture of low-cost synthetic lung surfactant that works in an animal model of respiratory

268 up about 11% of the total dry weight of lung surfactant, the surfactant extract adopts a single liqui

269 he droplet flow ensure that the transport of surfactant through the bulk is not limiting the kinetics

270 ement of the adsorption of a carboxylic acid surfactant to the interface.

271 Less surfactant-treated infants needed rehospitalization for

272 Sample dilution with an OIS and the surfactant Triton X-100 (inorganic media) or ethanol (or

273 ycidyl methacrylate combined with a nonionic surfactant Triton X-100.

274 In aqueous solution of nonionic surfactants (Triton X-100 and Tween 20) arrays from the

275 tion at cloud point temperature of non-ionic surfactant, Triton X-100 occurred and complex was entrap

276 re of essential oil, ripening inhibitor, and surfactant (Tween 80) into 5mM sodium citrate buffer (pH

277 ispersity and charge, were assessed for each surfactant type and mass fraction.

278 effect of bead type, ionic buffer strength, surfactant type, and concentration on the Brownian activ

279 Recently, it has been proposed that surfactants, ubiquitous in flow applications, could be r

280 th high hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) surfactants via spontaneous emulsification.

281 The effect of surfactant was particularly notable for a hydrophobic mo

282 % alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment wit

283 The addition of albumin, serum, and lung surfactant was studied by BMD.

284 riate evaluation revealed that the amount of surfactant was the strongest contributor to specific sur

285 An anionic surfactant was used to increase wettability and hydrophi

286 ing system, interaction with food sanitizers/surfactants was investigated.

287 ch curves to Ar bubbles in the presence of a surfactant were promising for the characterization of mi

288 Lipid surfactants were found in xylem sap and as nanoparticles

289 olution within 3 weeks regardless of whether surfactants were part of a chemical mixture or amended a

290 amphiphiles (both polymer and small-molecule surfactants) were guided to form hetero-vesicles, demons

291 sing numbers of carbon atoms of double chain surfactant, were analyzed on the basis of fluorescence a

292 C) employing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant, were determined.

293 y a local increase in the concentration of a surfactant, which therefore forms a bilayer on nanoparti

294 Surface tension lowering caused by organic surfactants, which diminishes the Kelvin effect, is expe

295 es of fluorocarbon (FC) and hydrocarbon (HC) surfactants, which display a broad range of mutual misci

296 mixing ratio, whereas combining the same FC surfactant with an HC surfactant carrying a zwitterionic

297 Two hybrid fluorinated double-chain surfactants with a diglucosylated polar head were synthe

298 lfonates, the extraction of newly identified surfactants with functionalities such as betaine and qua

299 quimolar double and single chain mixed ionic surfactants, with increasing numbers of carbon atoms of

300 or sustaining the presence of cholesterol in surfactant without functional impairment.

301 erfacial stresses and, paradoxically, adding surfactants yields barely measurable drag increases.