ライフサイエンスコーパス: swarmer

1 d kidneys, only 7 (0.14%) were identified as swarmers.

2 ario is apparently not relevant to temperate swarmers.

3 kinase is localized to the flagellar pole in swarmer and predivisional cells but is dispersed through

4 gF, and flgI increased significantly in both swarmer and pseudoswarmer cells, as did genes in a degen

5 ates such that their concentration is low in swarmer and stalked cells, peaks in pre-divisional cells

6 and remain predominantly at the new pole of swarmer and stalked progeny upon completion of division.

7 a mostly uniform distribution throughout the swarmer and stalked stages of the cell cycle but more hi

8 ding a scenario for robust switching between swarmer and stalked states.

9 aweed, Vibrio alginolyticus B522, a vigorous swarmer, and Shewanella algae B516, which inhibits V. al

10 e stalked cell, unphosphorylated DivK in the swarmer cell activates an intricate transcriptional casc

11 ntus divides asymmetrically to a flagellated swarmer cell and a cell with a stalk.

12 asymmetrically to produce a non-replicating swarmer cell and a replicating stalked cell.

13 ium Caulobacter crescentus produces a motile swarmer cell and a sessile stalked cell at each cell div

14 s rise to two different cell types: a motile swarmer cell and a sessile stalked cell.

15 lls divide asymmetrically, yielding a motile swarmer cell and a sessile stalked cell.

16 ter crescentus divides asymmetrically into a swarmer cell and a stalked cell, a process that is gover

17 t cell types at each cell division, a motile swarmer cell and an adhesive stalked cell.

18 rsed throughout the cytoplasm of the progeny swarmer cell and is localized to the pole of the stalked

19 Instead, doubling of the average length of a swarmer cell by suppression of cell division effectively

20 rives progression of the coupled stalked and swarmer cell cycles of the bacterium Caulobacter crescen

21 period under typical culture conditions, the swarmer cell differentiates into a replicative stalked c

22 diated by the synthesis of a holdfast as the swarmer cell differentiates into a stalked cell.

23 ntiate showing the essential role of flaA in swarmer cell differentiation and behaviour.

24 se results suggest that FliL plays a role in swarmer cell differentiation and implicate FliL as criti

25 ditions inhibiting flagellar rotation induce swarmer cell differentiation and implicating a rotating

26 ression of fliL+ in wild-type cells prevents swarmer cell differentiation and motility, a result also

27 the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone induced swarmer cell differentiation and resulted in a fourfold

28 utrescine restored both the normal timing of swarmer cell differentiation and the ability to migrate

29 tical to transduction of the signal inducing swarmer cell differentiation and virulence gene expressi

30 ession of wosA also resulted in constitutive swarmer cell differentiation in liquid medium, a normall

31 al through the chemotaxis pathway and induce swarmer cell differentiation in response to signals othe

32 tudy also suggests that despite constitutive swarmer cell differentiation in wosA-overexpressing stra

33 A search for genes controlling swarmer cell differentiation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

34 ZapA activity is not required for swarmer cell differentiation or swarming behaviour, as Z

35 Swarmer cell differentiation parallels an increased expr

36 l transduction from solid surfaces to induce swarmer cell differentiation, possibly via alterations i

37 ile the latter two classes were defective in swarmer cell differentiation, representative LPS mutants

38 f growth that are formed as cyclic events of swarmer cell differentiation, swarming migration, and ce

39 zation of urinary tract surfaces is aided by swarmer cell differentiation, which is initiated by inhi

40 k and holdfast occur at the same pole during swarmer cell differentiation.

41 e two-component systems cooperate to promote swarmer cell differentiation.

42 other proteins and virulence factors during swarmer cell differentiation.

43 lator FlhD(4)C(2), which ultimately controls swarmer cell differentiation.

44 g growth in liquid and on agar plates during swarmer cell differentiation.

45 16-fold higher in the disA background during swarmer cell differentiation.

46 DisA overexpression also blocked swarmer cell differentiation.

47 A fliL mutation that results in constitutive swarmer cell elongation also increased wosA transcriptio

48 regulator that controls the establishment of swarmer cell fate.

49 This event primes the swarmer cell for the impending transition into a stalked

50 These mutants were constitutive for swarmer cell gene expression, inappropriately expressing

51 its flagellar motors, which in turn control swarmer cell gene expression.

52 inappropriately expressing high levels of a swarmer cell gene fusion product when grown in liquid.

53 When the operon was overexpressed, swarmer cell gene transcription was induced in liquid cu

54 iately after cell division and (ii) a motile swarmer cell in which DNA replication is blocked.

55 entus differentiates from a motile, foraging swarmer cell into a sessile, replication-competent stalk

56 Upon differentiation of the swarmer cell into a stalked cell, full length PodJ is sy

57 ation initiator, upon differentiation of the swarmer cell into a stalked cell.

58 genesis of the single polar flagellum of the swarmer cell is the best-studied aspect of this developm

59 trogen limitation significantly extended the swarmer cell life span.

60 thesize that nitrogen limitation extends the swarmer cell lifetime by delaying the onset of a sequenc

61 ion of external environmental cues, sets the swarmer cell on a path to differentiate into a stalked c

62 The terminus moves from the end of the swarmer cell opposite the origin to midcell.

63 ntrolling the decision to be a highly mobile swarmer cell or a more adhesive, biofilm-proficient cell

64 umerous unsheathed lateral flagella move the swarmer cell over surfaces.

65 ntegrated into the membrane at the incipient swarmer cell pole, where it initiates flagellar assembly

66 similar daughter cells: a stalked cell and a swarmer cell that assembles several pili at the flagella

67 ed cell competent for DNA replication, and a swarmer cell that is unable to initiate DNA replication

68 m divides asymmetrically to produce a motile swarmer cell that represses DNA replication and a sessil

69 The morphological change from swarmer cell to stalked cell is a result of changes of f

70 comitantly with the transition of the motile swarmer cell to the sessile stalked cell.

71 ngated, hyperflagellated, and multinucleated swarmer cell type when it is grown on a surface.

72 a typical Gram-negative rod) to an elongated swarmer cell when grown on a solid surface.

73 ed cells but degraded in the non-replicative swarmer cell where ClpAP alone degrades FtsA and both Cl

74 obacter crescentus is asymmetric, yielding a swarmer cell with several polar pili and a non-piliated

75 PodJ(S), sequestered to the progeny swarmer cell, is subsequently released from the polar me

76 lation migration across surfaces, called the swarmer cell.

77 , which replaces the flagellum of the motile swarmer cell.

78 thesis of the pili filaments in the daughter swarmer cell.

79 re only present at the flagellar pole of the swarmer cell.

80 on, resulting in a stalked cell and a motile swarmer cell.

81 vides asymmetrically, producing a mother and swarmer cell.

82 change that culminates in the formation of a swarmer cell.

83 d accumulates preferentially in the daughter swarmer cell.

84 aL mutant was unable to differentiate into a swarmer cell.

85 hter cells, a stalked cell and a flagellated swarmer cell.

86 mer cell to an elongated, highly flagellated swarmer cell.

87 by flagella is thought to trigger bacterial swarmer-cell differentiation, an important step in patho

88 alA-flaB locus from wild-type swimmer cells, swarmer cells and cells obtained after urinary tract inf

89 Transcription of ftsZ is repressed in swarmer cells and is activated concurrently with the ini

90 The initial stage of attachment occurs in swarmer cells and is facilitated by flagellar motility a

91 he fliL transcriptome with that of wild-type swarmer cells and showed that nearly all genes associate

92 cious swarming mutants are also constitutive swarmer cells and swarm on minimal agar medium.

93 origin is located at the flagellated pole of swarmer cells and, immediately after the initiation of D

94 Swarmer cells are generally more flagellated and longer

95 H. neptunium swarmer cells are highly motile via a single polar flage

96 Swarmer cells are specially adapted to rapidly transloca

97 vision and contain FtsZ, whereas the progeny swarmer cells are unable to initiate DNA replication and

98 ntration, FtsZ was artificially expressed in swarmer cells at a level equivalent to that found in pre

99 ypothesize that this novel mechanism acts on swarmer cells born in a biofilm, where eDNA can accumula

100 e processes in Caulobacter and is present in swarmer cells but absent from stalked cells.

101 es a large gene system and differentiates to swarmer cells capable of movement over and colonization

102 Expression of FtsZ in swarmer cells did not alter the timing of cell constrict

103 nsistent with this observation, H. neptunium swarmer cells did not respond to any chemotactic stimuli

104 As swarmer cells differentiate into stalked cells (G1/S tra

105 FtsZ is synthesized slightly before the swarmer cells differentiate into stalked cells and the i

106 ivated in liquid broth and hyper-flagellated swarmer cells from solid medium.

107 cells were extremely long and thus resembled swarmer cells harvested from a surface.

108 e rapidly away from a colony, analogously to swarmer cells in bacteria with flagella.

109 media, thereby increasing the proportion of swarmer cells in mixed culture.

110 , result in the inappropriate development of swarmer cells in noninducing liquid media or hyperelonga

111 ue to an increase in the number of elongated swarmer cells in the population.

112 , and in the absence of SpoT, carbon-starved swarmer cells inappropriately initiated DNA replication.

113 is synthesized during the differentiation of swarmer cells into replicating stalked cells.

114 Upon depletion of available carbon, swarmer cells lacking the ability to synthesize ppGpp or

115 d a technique for observing isolated E. coli swarmer cells moving on an agar substrate and confined i

116 Swarmer cells of Caulobacter crescentus are devoid of th

117 Motile swarmer cells of Hyphomicrobium strain W1-1B displayed p

118 We adsorbed swarmer cells of Serratia marcescens to polydimethylsilo

119 n noninducing liquid media or hyperelongated swarmer cells on agar media.

120 rium can differentiate into hyperflagellated swarmer cells on agar of an appropriate consistency (0.5

121 ls, we were unable to detect the holdfast in swarmer cells or at the flagellated poles of predivision

122 Furthermore, we show that swarmer cells produce more ppGpp than stalked cells upon

123 motility is a random dispersal mechanism for swarmer cells rather than a stimulus-controlled navigati

124 ost-division degradation of FtsA and FtsQ in swarmer cells reduces their concentration to 7% and 10%

125 ve from these results that the C. crescentus swarmer cells swim more efficiently than both E. coli an

126 Forward swimming C. crescentus swarmer cells tend to get physically trapped at the surf

127 e half-life of FtsA increases from 13 min in swarmer cells to 55 min in stalked cell types, confirmin

128 d, increasing ca. twofold from low levels in swarmer cells to a maximum immediately prior to cell div

129 lyzed the adaptive response of C. crescentus swarmer cells to carbon starvation and found that there

130 ci contour lengths in Caulobacter crescentus swarmer cells to determine the in vivo configuration of

131 ances initial attachment and enables progeny swarmer cells to escape from the monolayer biofilm.

132 Both swimmer and swarmer cells transcribe flaA, but not flaB.

133 egained motility yet produced differentiated swarmer cells under noninducing conditions transcribed f

134 Thus, swarmer cells utilize at least two independent signaling

135 Differentiation of the speB mutant to swarmer cells was delayed by two hours relative to wild-

136 Elongated swarmer cells were only rarely observed.

137 ble of differentiating into hyperflagellated swarmer cells when plated on a solid agar surface.

138 Expression of umoA (a known regulator of swarmer cells), flgF, and flgI increased significantly i

139 In swarmer cells, a short form of PodJ is localized at the

140 that SpoT is required for this phenomenon in swarmer cells, and in the absence of SpoT, carbon-starve

141 ional flagellar pole, remain at this pole in swarmer cells, and localize at the stalk tip after the s

142 e inappropriate production of differentiated swarmer cells, called pseudoswarmer cells, under nonindu

143 In swarmer cells, CpdR is in the phosphorylated state, thus

144 Because CtrA is present in swarmer cells, is degraded at the same time as ftsZ tran

145 Unlike swarmer cells, pseudoswarmer cells are not hyperflagella

146 Unlike swarmer cells, pseudoswarmers displayed increased activi

147 t extract (PYE) medium contain >70% and >80% swarmer cells, respectively.

148 luorescence microscopy showed that, in these swarmer cells, simply increasing FtsZ concentration was

149 and produces cells that look like wild-type swarmer cells, termed "pseudoswarmer cells," that are el

150 e, are evenly distributed between mother and swarmer cells, whereas hpnN is required for the C(35) ho

151 intracellular location of SMC showed that in swarmer cells, which do not replicate DNA, the protein f

152 ersed in the newly divided progeny stalk and swarmer cells.

153 ng sessile-stalked and piliated, flagellated swarmer cells.

154 to and silences the origin of replication in swarmer cells.

155 he CtrA protein and the size distribution of swarmer cells.

156 he incipient stalked pole in differentiating swarmer cells.

157 tion of the early cell division gene ftsZ in swarmer cells.

158 tative swimmer cells to fully differentiated swarmer cells.

159 pA is fully expressed only in differentiated swarmer cells.

160 lts in transcription of the ftsZ promoter in swarmer cells.

161 form that persists at the flagellar pole of swarmer cells.

162 acteria into successively thicker cohorts of swarmer cells.

163 ssion of flagellin that is characteristic of swarmer cells.

164 ibited a threefold increase in expression in swarmer cells.

165 longated (10- to 80-mum), highly flagellated swarmer cells.

166 ganisms is faster growing and may detach as "swarmer" cells.

167 onents of the flagellum are expressed in the swarmer compartment of the predivisional cell through th

168 mostly due to the degradation of FtsZ in the swarmer compartment of the predivisional cell.

169 esis, GapR accumulates preferentially in the swarmer compartment of the predivisional cell.

170 t it does not localize preferentially to the swarmer compartment when expressed exogenously in Caulob

171 s, also accumulate in the predivisional cell swarmer compartment when expressed in Caulobacter The Es

172 he flagellum, are transcribed in the nascent swarmer compartment.

173 ment and at the site of cell division in the swarmer compartment.

174 r normally yields larger stalked and smaller swarmer daughters, we observe a loss of asymmetric size

175 a that swarm on "hard" agar surfaces (robust swarmers) display a hyperflagellated and hyperelongated

176 requiring a "softer" agar surface (temperate swarmers) do not exhibit such a dramatic morphology.

177 The swarmer is adapted to movement over and colonization of

178 and separable developmental stages, a motile swarmer phase and a sessile stalked phase.

179 A single flagellum is assembled at the swarmer pole of the predivisional cell and is released l

180 he preferential transcription of hfaA in the swarmer pole of the predivisional cell.

181 ested that the holdfast first appears at the swarmer pole of the predivisional cell.

182 sis of FliF and the targeting of FliF to the swarmer pole together contribute to the asymmetric local

183 r indirectly to target PleC to the incipient swarmer pole, to establish the cellular asymmetry that l

184 and to prevent premature development of the swarmer pole.

185 FlbD-1204 allele also resulted in a loss of swarmer-pole-specific transcription.

186 te degradation of FtsZ from both stalked and swarmer progeny cells.

187 o the steady-state population than did their swarmer siblings.

188 by nutrient deprivation to favor the motile swarmer state.

189 For polarly flagellated robust swarmers, there is good evidence that restriction of fla

190 e after cell division and is degraded during swarmer to stalked cell differentiation.

191 ional activation of several dna genes at the swarmer to stalked cell transition occurs in response to

192 difficulty ejecting the flagellum during the swarmer to stalked cell transition.

193 other two are induced at the transition from swarmer to stalked cell, coincident with the initiation

194 he cell occurs during the differentiation of swarmer to stalked cells.

195 FliF is proteolytically turned over during swarmer-to-stalked cell differentiation, coinciding with

196 transition is temporally separated from the swarmer-to-stalked cell differentiation, which is normal

197 and found that there was a block in both the swarmer-to-stalked cell polar differentiation program an

198 uired for the carbon starvation block of the swarmer-to-stalked cell polar differentiation program.

199 At the swarmer-to-stalked cell transition and in the stalked co

200 id proteolysis as cells enter S-phase at the swarmer-to-stalked cell transition and in the stalked po

201 gulator is cleared by proteolysis during the swarmer-to-stalked cell transition as usual, but DNA rep

202 elopment gene, podJ, is expressed during the swarmer-to-stalked cell transition of the Caulobacter cr

203 alloprotease MmpA for degradation during the swarmer-to-stalked cell transition.

204 er motif with several genes expressed at the swarmer-to-stalked cell transition; while another appear

205 the kinase form of PleC is essential for the swarmer-to-stalked transition and to prevent premature d

206 and polyphosphate (polyP), that inhibit the swarmer-to-stalked transition in both complex and glucos

207 ion factor, increases during the Caulobacter swarmer-to-stalked transition just before the G1/S trans

208 During the swarmer-to-stalked transition, PodJS must be degraded to

209 ll cycle demonstrates that disruption of the swarmer-to-stalked-cell developmental sequence does not

210 leC kinase mutants, which are blocked in the swarmer-to-stalked-cell transition and form flagellated,

211 of these topo IV genes is induced during the swarmer-to-stalked-cell transition when cells prepare fo