ライフサイエンスコーパス: synonymous

1 ke them nonrepetitive but still functional ("synonymous").

2 benign missense mutations and the rest were synonymous.

3 %) novel variants, of which 2.8% were coding synonymous, 93.3% were noncoding (64.6% intronic), and 3

4 es protein expression more than insertion of synonymous AAG codons.

5 ls that the code is organized in clusters of synonymous activity patterns that are similar in meaning

6 replacing codons Thr6 and Pro8 of flgM with synonymous alternates produced a 600-fold range in FlgM

7 slational properties distinct from the other synonymous alternatives (CGN).

8 instances of seven codons were replaced with synonymous alternatives across all protein-coding genes.

9 .05% frequency [57% non-synonymous (NS), 42% synonymous and 1% gain or loss of stop codon or splice s

10 etation of personal genomes.While non-coding synonymous and intronic variants are often not under str

11 s in genic regions, resulting in overlooking synonymous and intronic variants when searching for dise

12 text alterations to predict pathogenicity of synonymous and non-coding genetic variants, and provide

13 f leaves in lineage trees branches following synonymous and non-synonymous mutations.

14 ine and somatic mutations as well as between synonymous and non-synonymous mutations.

15 Both synonymous and nonsynonymous alleles of MAE genes have e

16 To evaluate synonymous and nonsynonymous alternatives to essential A

17 ply the method to estimate unfolded SFSs for synonymous and nonsynonymous sites in a population of Dr

18 ently intermediate between that operating on synonymous and nonsynonymous sites.

19 Analyses of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates of these

20 e two transitions have been considered to be synonymous, and is also unlike the free (ungrafted) blen

21 shes known pathogenic and benign variants in synonymous (AUC = 0.88) and intronic (AUC = 0.83) public

22 Recoding viral genomes by numerous synonymous but suboptimal substitutions provides live at

23 r models that a considerable fraction of non-synonymous cancer mutations is immunogenic and that, une

24 orphism profiles, and provide a catalogue of synonymous cell lines.

25 We readily replaced 110 AGR codons with the synonymous CGU codons, but the remaining 13 "recalcitran

26 The rate of non-synonymous-to-synonymous changes (dN/dS) shows a second-order polynomi

27 Synonymous changes at Thr6 and Leu9 resulted in a twofol

28 RNA folding and reducing R-loop formation by synonymous changes in a reporter gene can lower mutation

29 We quantified nonsynonymous and synonymous changes in both genes and identified sites ex

30 defined by multiple mutations, including non-synonymous changes in the virion protein 35 (VP35), glyc

31 e stabilizing amino acid changes rather than synonymous changes that increase translational accuracy.

32 patients; 4 of which were non-coding, 6 were synonymous coding and 2 were non-synonymous coding seque

33 ondrial defect in the synVI strain mapped to synonymous coding changes within PRE4 (YFR050C), encodin

34 ing, 6 were synonymous coding and 2 were non-synonymous coding sequence changes.

35 A non-synonymous coding sequence variant (c.2 T > C; p.1Met?)

36 ow-frequency (minor allele frequency = 2.5%) synonymous coding variant g.14900931G>A (p.Asp120Asp) (r

37 All synonymous coding variants were benign polymorphisms wit

38 This study investigates the role of synonymous codon in the expression of CFTR and CFTR F508

39 These results highlight the potential use of synonymous codon pair deoptimization as a strategy to sa

40 "Min" variants (excess of underrepresented synonymous codon pairs) are nonviable except for P2(Min)

41 7 "Max" mutations (excess of overrepresented synonymous codon pairs) or up to 2,104 "SD" mutations (r

42 open reading frame (ORF) for CFTR containing synonymous codon replacements was expressed using a hete

43 ecent reports have identified rare-to-common synonymous codon substitutions that impair folding of th

44 owever, our limited understanding of allowed synonymous codon substitutions, and the absence of metho

45 Synonymous codon substitutions, which change the transla

46 of different proteins in yeast and find that synonymous codon substitutions, which change translation

47 Synonymous codon suppressors that corrected the effect o

48 Synonymous codon usage (SCU) varies widely among human g

49 Synonymous codon usage affects the efficiency/stringency

50 Mutations altering synonymous codon usage are linked to human diseases.

51 evelopment, suggesting an important role for synonymous codon usage in organism physiology.

52 g, suggesting that evolution may have shaped synonymous codon usage in the genomes of organisms in pa

53 nables experimental testing of the impact of synonymous codon usage on the production of functional p

54 wn about the molecular mechanisms connecting synonymous codon usage to efficient protein biogenesis a

55 Synonymous codon usage was once thought to be functional

56 nal processes, nascent-protein behavior, and synonymous codon usage.

57 aches aimed at identifying general roles for synonymous codon usage.

58 nsistent with translation rate modulation by synonymous codon usage.

59 rminant of genome nucleotide composition and synonymous codon use in both bacterial and eukaryotic mi

60 Here we show that synonymous codon variants in the gene encoding gamma-B c

61 of distinct, functional roles for otherwise synonymous codons and enables experimental testing of th

62 oved by harmonizing selected DNA segments by synonymous codons and reveal additional complexity invol

63 ield that have identified novel functions of synonymous codons and their usage.

64 ivalent functions, however, the finding that synonymous codons are not present at equal frequencies i

65 Synonymous codons are not used with equal frequencies in

66 Synonymous codons can modulate protein production and fo

67 hesis that although the usage frequencies of synonymous codons change from organism to organism, codo

68 n all domains of life, a biased frequency of synonymous codons is observed at the genome level, in fu

69 Protein output from synonymous codons is thought to be equivalent if appropr

70 Synonymous codons naturally occur with different frequen

71 Thus, synonymous codons provide a secondary code for protein f

72 Some synonymous codons show consistent stabilizing or destabi

73 Our results demonstrate that optimal synonymous codons speed up translation elongation while

74 Synonymous codons were initially presumed to have entire

75 to 2,104 "SD" mutations (randomly scrambled synonymous codons).

76 dues are each encoded by multiple, so-called synonymous codons.

77 hat most amino acids are encoded by multiple synonymous codons.

78 ity required for tRNAs to recognize multiple synonymous codons.

79 o the degree of in vivo ribosome stalling at synonymous codons.

80 most amino acids can be encoded by multiple synonymous codons.

81 4 codons, the mRNA levels vary >20 fold with synonymous CRD substitutions that accommodate tRNA dynam

82 ssociated with artemisinin resistance--a non-synonymous Cys580Tyr substitution in 70 (65%) of 107 par

83 30), which is significantly enriched for non-synonymous de novo mutations ascertained from patients w

84 0.01) than the ones with benign missense or synonymous de novo variants in cases.

85 ntroduction of 489 nucleotide changes (19%), synonymous deoptimization of the P1 region rendered a vi

86 and a BACE2 intronic deletion) and 3/12 non-synonymous DNVs (in PSEN1, VPS35 and MARK4) targeted gen

87 the 12 remaining trios and identified 12 non-synonymous DNVs in six patients.

88 functional impact of the following three non-synonymous DNVs targeting this network: the novel PSEN1

89 ities of alpha-synuclein homeostasis are not synonymous, even in the context of an endolysosomal gene

90 e estimates of the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous evolutionary changes (dN/dS ratio) located a

91 ures (measured as ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous evolutionary changes [dN/dS ratios]) acting o

92 rected the effect of a translation-defective synonymous flgM allele were restricted to two codons fla

93 rons (HIPP cells) have been considered to be synonymous for DG-SOMIs.

94 amino acids and finding the least-repetitive synonymous gene sequence.

95 ngle protein to be encoded by a multitude of synonymous gene sequences, has an important role in regu

96 EP is a new software tool for predicting non-synonymous genetic variants that may play a causal role

97 ch will often identify a great number of non-synonymous genetic variants.

98 to understand as numerous mutations and non-synonymous genetic variation in ZnT2 have been detected

99 g mature CFTR as compared to mRNA containing synonymous high-expression codons.

100 st increases the accuracy of translation via synonymous "high fidelity" codons at especially sensitiv

101 Synonymous ingredient names are different names for the

102 Medical Language System were used to resolve synonymous ingredient names.

103 ing SIRCAS, we create a Salmonella with 1557 synonymous leucine codon replacements across 176 genes,

104 Familial analyses of one variant, a synonymous LMNA VUS, demonstrated segregation with cardi

105 effect of rs1143679, a single nucleotide non-synonymous Mac-1 polymorphism associated with SLE.

106 ariant leading to early truncation and a non-synonymous missense variant) in a pair of siblings affec

107 Using the synonymous modification to FRET biosensors, we achieved

108 in sequence can be encoded by many different synonymous mRNA coding sequences.

109 cal codon positions and different numbers of synonymous mRNA sequences that encode for them.

110 ted the procedure by designing a cassette of synonymous MS2 RNA motifs and tandem coat proteins for R

111 Here we show, using synonymous mutagenesis, that CG suppression is essential

112 ur study identified an independent risk of a synonymous mutation at HLA-DOA, a non-classical HLA gene

113 fic immune response against the virus; a non-synonymous mutation in an epitope region of the virus is

114 t CUG codons within the +1 reading frame: 1) synonymous mutation of CUG codons in the M2-reading fram

115 coded by genes that have a non-synonymous to synonymous mutation rate even greater than immune-relate

116 and non-coding regions and synonymous-to-non-synonymous mutation ratios suggest the neutral drift bei

117 variant under selection in Europeans (a non-synonymous mutation, C282Y) has been relatively well-stu

118 n, we found that potentially deleterious non-synonymous mutations (9566 SNPs) explained as much genet

119 library in SMN1 exon 7, we show that 23% of synonymous mutations across the exon decrease exon inclu

120 tions identified were biallelic and included synonymous mutations altering splicing of physiological

121 y of 1.9 x 10(7) with over 8500 possible non-synonymous mutations and inferred the effects of each mu

122 Missense or non-synonymous mutations are nucleotide substitutions that a

123 onymous to synonymous mutations; however, if synonymous mutations are under purifying selection, this

124 formation specific and provide evidence that synonymous mutations can alter the drug sensitivity of p

125 Assuming all non-synonymous mutations cause resistance, we report 90% sen

126 ions, we found that de novo near-splice site synonymous mutations changing exonic splicing regulators

127 ting between neutral and disease-causing non-synonymous mutations documented in the human population

128 We systematically analyzed ~10(6) non-synonymous mutations extracted from COSMIC, involving ~8

129 Synonymous mutations have been shown to alter gene expre

130 Several mouse models harboring synonymous mutations have shown alterations in synaptic

131 We analyze de novo synonymous mutations identified in autism spectrum disor

132 sing temperature, a CPD RSV containing 2,692 synonymous mutations in 9 of 11 ORFs did not lose temper

133 Significant excess of non-synonymous mutations in AKAP4 (p<0.02), a gene mediating

134 We identify Asian-derived non-synonymous mutations in the AHR gene that associate with

135 ic analysis revealed the existence of higher synonymous mutations in the intronless divergents of ReC

136 In this study we identified deleterious non-synonymous mutations in two cilia genes, Dnah11 and Mks1

137 ints, contributing also to the evidence that synonymous mutations in viral ssRNA genomes are not stri

138 oach, we introduce a barcoded library of non-synonymous mutations into hotspot codons 12 and 13 of Kr

139 Synonymous mutations or protein expression losses in ACT

140 ons are detected using the synonymous to non-synonymous mutations ratio.

141 However, a CPD RSV containing 1,378 synonymous mutations solely in the polymerase L ORF quic

142 gene on de novo tumorigenesis, we introduced synonymous mutations that converted rare codons into com

143 lus (mRNA) and minus (vRNA) strands and used synonymous mutations to ablate m(6)A on both strands of

144 The estimated contribution of these synonymous mutations to disease liability is comparable

145 ipoprotein A-V (APOA5), carriers of rare non-synonymous mutations were at 2.2-fold increased risk for

146 rotein receptor (LDLR), carriers of rare non-synonymous mutations were at 4.2-fold increased risk for

147 Synonymous mutations were the primary discriminatory var

148 es differed by one or two reverse engineered synonymous mutations, and measured the transmission of t

149 n protein and numerous spliced variants, non-synonymous mutations, and post-translational modificatio

150 er 260 000 somatic alterations including non-synonymous mutations, copy number variants and structura

151 outheast Asia there is a great excess of non-synonymous mutations, many of which cause radical amino-

152 Synonymous mutations, such as I507-ATC-->ATT, in deletio

153 orrection mechanisms and the consequences of synonymous mutations, we analyzed the effect of mechanis

154 spite the fact that it would be disrupted by synonymous mutations, which raises the possibility of ev

155 trees branches following synonymous and non-synonymous mutations.

156 We observe three nonsynonymous and two synonymous mutations.

157 ations as well as between synonymous and non-synonymous mutations.

158 sites with high ratios of non-synonymous to synonymous mutations; however, if synonymous mutations a

159 Substitution of optimal codons with synonymous, non-optimal codons results in dramatic mRNA

160 s in which this sequence was replaced with a synonymous nonmicrosatellite sequence did not produce fu

161 No single non-synonymous (NS) single nucleotide variant (SNV) nor any

162 ng variants down to 0.05% frequency [57% non-synonymous (NS), 42% synonymous and 1% gain or loss of s

163 analysis identified 3 amino acid changes, 16 synonymous nucleotide changes, and a 12-bp insertion str

164 ous nucleotide site diversity (piN/piS), and synonymous nucleotide diversity (piS), avoiding the stat

165 selection, the nonsynonymous relative to the synonymous nucleotide site diversity (piN/piS), and syno

166 ce and/or elevated ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitution rate, are characteriz

167 with the largest ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitutions also show the most p

168 at infected this patient displayed only five synonymous nucleotide substitutions on the full genome (

169 al de novo mutations to include "functional" synonymous ones and strengthen the role of rare variants

170 imization, in which codons are replaced with synonymous ones in order to increase protein expression.

171 At least 163 SNVs, including 31 synonymous ones, were shown to cause intron retention or

172 protein sequence; however, the selection of synonymous or 'silent' mutations in the HIV-1 genome wit

173 reased with age, and many mutations were non-synonymous or resided in RNA coding genes and thus can l

174 gorized by polymorphism type: nonsynonymous, synonymous, or ambiguous.

175 Probands have a significant burden of synonymous PMMs and these mutations are enriched for com

176 Non-synonymous polymorphisms of both candidate genes reveale

177 Non-synonymous polymorphisms were elevated in genes shared w

178 ations, domains, secondary structure and non-synonymous polymorphisms.

179 Using a synonymous position mutation library in SMN1 exon 7, we

180 ervation scores are insufficient to identify synonymous positions important for exon inclusion, an al

181 the mRNA length and the evolutionary rate of synonymous positions.

182 n algorithms and conservation scores, 12 non-synonymous prediction algorithms and four cancer-specifi

183 Synonymous rare codons are considered to be sub-optimal

184 Although a general functional role for synonymous rare codons farther within coding sequences h

185 Synonymous rare codons, once thought to have only negati

186 n coding sequences include large clusters of synonymous rare codons.

187 To examine the generality of this synonymous rate dependence on the IR, we compared plasto

188 moved from the SC into the IR exhibit lower synonymous rates consistent with other IR genes, while g

189 Plantago, and Silene have highly accelerated synonymous rates despite their IR localization.

190 Our results define allowed and disallowed synonymous recoding schemes, and enable the identificati

191 recoding in an essential operon using eight synonymous recoding schemes.

192 78707713 and the lead SLC44A2 SNP is the non-synonymous rs2288904 previously shown to associate with

193 NPSR1 risk isoform, functional analysis of a synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the coding

194 receptor gene (ADRB2) contains a common, non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism, Gly16Arg, tha

195 Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) are

196 dies discovered at least eight validated non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) of t

197 Synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (sSNPs) are c

198 Non-synonymous single nucleotide variants (nsSNVs) in coding

199 ined in Bogota, Colombia, we identify 28 non-synonymous single nucleotide variants that are considere

200 We focused on non-synonymous single nucleotide variants, also referred to

201 re-computed predictions of the impact of non-synonymous single nucleotide variants, to facilitate the

202 reference followed by identification of non-synonymous Single Nucleotide Variations (nsSNVs) and int

203 We assessed 41 common non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) for

204 population and analysis of the statistics of synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms revealed a hi

205 Here we report de novo non-synonymous single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) by conducti

206 y found to harbour schizophrenia de novo non-synonymous single-nucleotide variants (SNVs; P=5.4 x 10(

207 es in form of protein-sequence altering (non-synonymous) single nucleotide variants (nsSNVs).

208 uency plots for synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (Ks ) between paralogous gene pairs and

209 IAV RNAs, including some areas of increased synonymous-site conservation.

210 a novel test of natural selection targeting synonymous sites and demonstrate that GC3-related DNA ba

211 We showed that conserved synonymous sites and/or local secondary structures that

212 o predict long-term evolutionary patterns at synonymous sites.

213 A non-synonymous SNP (encoding a Glu415Gly substitution) in th

214 aining CYP2J19 gene (CYP2J19(yb)), and a non-synonymous SNP in CYP2J40.

215 rs7447927 is a synonymous SNP in TMEM173, and rs1642764 is an intronic

216 tational method, called the SNP-IN tool (non-synonymous SNP INteraction effect predictor).

217 HRV SNPs tag non-synonymous SNPs (in NDUFA11 and KIAA1755), expression qu

218 terization and validation of deleterious non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) in the interleukin-8 gene using

219 297,245 non-synonymous SNPs and 3330 copy number variation (CNV) reg

220 pre-mRNA splicing suggests that up to 45% of synonymous SNPs are likely to alter pre-mRNA splicing.

221 sms (SNPs) and the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous SNPs compared to findings in viral population

222 dentified conserved, ecotype-restricted, non-synonymous SNPs that are predicted to affect the protein

223 utant specific binding, as compared with non-synonymous SNV derived neoantigens.

224 cted by autism de novo SNVs (P=0.019 for non-synonymous SNV genes) did not survive Bonferroni correct

225 affinity binders was three times that of non-synonymous SNV mutations.

226 Database and 10 002 putatively 'benign' non-synonymous SNVs from UCSC.

227 Here, using synonymous somatic mutations (SSMs) identified in over 4

228 G12D), MNU tumours had an average of 192 non-synonymous, somatic single-nucleotide variants, compared

229 genome-wide level, our results implicate non-synonymous, splice site as well as stop-altering single-

230 Novel non-synonymous/splice-site variants in extracellular matrix

231 rther genotyping indicated that a single non-synonymous substitution (A120G) in the N-terminal region

232 mous substitutions are more predominant than synonymous substitution and occur across the entire geno

233 pes differed from FFAR3 by only a single non-synonymous substitution and that the GPR42 reference seq

234 thod based on the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates (dN/dS) on X-chromosome ge

235 ithin Nunavik: The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates (dN/dS) was 0.534 before t

236 y shifts in land plants and demonstrate that synonymous substitution rates are, on average, 3.7 times

237 The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates showed a more relaxed sele

238 l, measured as the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates, and microbial genome size

239 rous differences in diversity, nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rates, and recombination rates b

240 have experienced a dramatic acceleration in synonymous substitution rates, consistent with the hypot

241 fferentiation, and a higher nonsynonymous-to-synonymous substitution ratio than the rest of the X chr

242 analysis provides strong evidence that many synonymous substitutions have been selected to optimize

243 l gene order (synteny) and a small number of synonymous substitutions in the protein-coding genes.

244 The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions indicated that these genes are

245 Analyses of frequency plots for synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (Ks ) betwe

246 At the species level, biased patterns of synonymous substitutions underpin increased codon optimi

247 dN (nonsynonymous substitutions) but not dS (synonymous substitutions) within rpoB/sig1 and rpoC2/sig

248 nomena including highly accelerated rates of synonymous substitutions, extensive gene loss and reduct

249 pecies show lower ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions.

250 Non-synonymous/synonymous (dN/dS) analyses were performed wi

251 , and polyps or adenomas, and colorectal (or synonymous terms), published by March 2016.

252 deleterious mutations are detected using the synonymous to non-synonymous mutations ratio.

253 roteins are encoded by genes that have a non-synonymous to synonymous mutation rate even greater than

254 is to identify sites with high ratios of non-synonymous to synonymous mutations; however, if synonymo

255 Alleles with the largest ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitutions also s

256 prediction method based on the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates (dN/dS) on X

257 The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates showed a mor

258 The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions indicated that th

259 on between coding and non-coding regions and synonymous-to-non-synonymous mutation ratios suggest the

260 The rate of non-synonymous-to-synonymous changes (dN/dS) shows a second-

261 nd putatively protein-damaging URVs (but not synonymous URVs) were more abundant among individuals wi

262 i, and one new independent low-frequency non-synonymous variant in an established heart rate locus (K

263 + replication p = 6.38 x 10(-10)) and a rare synonymous variant in GFI1B (rs150813342, MAF = 0.009, d

264 One synonymous variant was common to all three families and

265 strongest enrichment for causality among non-synonymous variants (54x more likely to be causal, 1.4x

266 or splice site mutations in 9 and homozygous synonymous variants in 6.

267 We identified 7 rare non-synonymous variants in 7 of 20 genes and performed Sange

268 We detected 1561 unique, non-synonymous variants in kinase genes in the 92 cases, and

269 exomes from epilepsy family trios identifies synonymous variants in known epilepsy genes, thus pinpoi

270 d variants in four of the novel loci are non-synonymous variants in the genes C10orf71, DALDR3, TESK2

271 ss effects and the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous variants suggest that purifying selection has

272 annotated several thousand more reliable non-synonymous variants than other widely used tools (e.g. A

273 interim measure, exome arrays allow rare non-synonymous variants to be sampled at a fraction of the c

274 Two protective, low-frequency, non-synonymous variants were significantly associated with a

275 ified gene-wide associations of uncommon non-synonymous variants within UBAP2 and STARD9.

276 We identified 16 non-synonymous variants, six of which were not identified in

277 down to 21 very rare (<0.1% frequency), non-synonymous variants.

278 th controls (p = 0.002) and no difference in synonymous variants.

279 controls as normalized by the level of rare synonymous variants.

280 ediction method that measures paucity of non-synonymous variation in the human population to infer ge

281 sease, but for many practitioners has become synonymous with "idiopathic AF." As the list of heart di

282 o use 'adaptive radiation' or 'radiation' as synonymous with 'explosive species diversification'.

283 His name became synonymous with a proto-biological, antipsychological, b

284 onsidered a cell-autonomous suicide program, synonymous with apoptosis.

285 cal excellence within the profession that is synonymous with board certification today.

286 warm temperatures and high precipitation are synonymous with climatic amelioration and cold and wet c

287 typical motile fish-pathogenic E. tarda are synonymous with Edwardsiella piscicida, while atypical n

288 incorrect perception that palliative care is synonymous with end-of-life care, with no role earlier i

289 n cancer, precision medicine has been nearly synonymous with genomics.

290 sed on indacenodithiophene (IDT) have become synonymous with high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs

291 at demonstrate long-range magnetic order are synonymous with information storage and the electronics

292 SPG2 (synonymous with IRREGULAR XYLEM9-LIKE [IRX9L]) encodes a

293 mune encephalomyelitis because NFM-deficient synonymous with knockout mice developed an identical dis

294 The Hurst effect is frequently taken to be synonymous with Long-Range Dependence (LRD) and is typic

295 While the role of SFO was once synonymous with physiological responses to osmotic, volu

296 y ~30 degrees to the membrane, a feature now synonymous with rotary ATPases.

297 dromic repeats' (CRISPR) has recently become synonymous with the genome-editing revolution.

298 ific responses in animal models, have become synonymous with the major histocompatibility complex (MH

299 ch other around the facial areas, a behavior synonymous with this species.

300 e and none encoded a type 3 secretion system synonymous with typical enterohaemorrhagic strains.