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   1 ea that the majority of Drosophila genes are syntenic.                                               
     2  in animal models where a single copy of the syntenic 16p11.2 region has been deleted have revealed m
     3 ral cortex from mouse models with CNV of the syntenic 7qF3 region and lymphoblast lines from 34 membe
  
     5  a combination of phylogenetic analyses with syntenic alignment of mammalian CD59 genes to identify t
  
     7 al spans in their genomic context, including syntenic alignments with other kinetoplastid organisms. 
     8 e proteins, as a model for gene evolution by syntenic alignments with sorghum and rice, two genomes t
     9 haplotype" (or "haploid genotype") refers to syntenic alleles inherited on a single chromosome, and w
  
    11 bination of phylogenetic, splicing site, and syntenic analyses revealed that zebrafish have two per1 
    12 gh comprehensive sequence, phylogenetic, and syntenic analyses, we fully describe the identification 
  
  
  
    16 e orthologous relationships based on sharing syntenic anchors, collocating in the same syntenic block
  
    18 rived open reading frames (ORFs) that showed syntenic and copy number variation among species, but we
    19 ferentiation complex (EDC) locus comprises a syntenic and linear cluster of genes whose concomitant e
  
    21 species elements (LIMEs), which include both syntenic and nonsyntenic regions, of at least 100 identi
  
  
    24 P compiles gene and gene family information, syntenic and phylogenetic context and tissue-specific tr
    25   In better studied species, ODG can perform syntenic annotation translations or rapidly identify cha
    26 t in all five genomes, and display conserved syntenic architecture with respect to gene order, orient
    27 ed-end sequences (2 x 76 bp) provides a good syntenic assembly with >95% high-quality coverage (more 
  
  
  
    31  located between the lplA and glnQ genes are syntenic between the two phytoplasmas and contain the ma
    32 netic mapping revealed that 83% of ESTs were syntenic between wheat and rice, a far higher level of s
    33 nic blocks across species, the disruption of syntenic blocks (via chromosomal inversion events) and i
    34 or themes are addressed: the conservation of syntenic blocks across species, the disruption of synten
    35 char also revealed extensive conservation of syntenic blocks across species, which was generally cons
  
  
    38 nally, we identify and analyze the conserved syntenic blocks among reconstructed ancestral genomes an
  
    40 ng syntenic anchors, collocating in the same syntenic blocks and sharing the same annotated protein f
    41 other hand, an analysis of the disruption of syntenic blocks between species allowed the identificati
    42 ey comparative alignment type and search for syntenic blocks between two sequences and zoom in to vie
    43 C6 were the result of complex reshuffling of syntenic blocks from three (AK3, AK5 and AK11), three (A
  
  
  
  
    48 he location and orientation of 53 C. hystrix syntenic blocks on the seven cucumber chromosomes, and a
  
  
  
    52 Arabidopsis' unique gene content is found in syntenic blocks that were formed during the most recent 
  
  
  
    56 s repetitive sequences, telomeres, conserved syntenic blocks, and expansion of pathogenicity-related 
  
  
  
  
    61 hat repeats and repeat-clusters are found at syntenic break points between E. histolytica and E. disp
    62 e organized in clusters, frequently found at syntenic break points providing insights into their cont
  
    64 ic genes, many of which are found at or near syntenic breaks, implicating evolutionary breakpoint reg
    65 tegrative Web-based system to find and align syntenic chromosomal regions and visualize the output in
  
    67 s chromosomes in the two species from highly syntenic chromosomes in most cases to chromosomes with a
  
    69 , phylogenetic profiles (presence/absence of syntenic conservation across 17 species), and locations 
    70  cat, human, and mouse highlights regions of syntenic conservation and species-specific gene rearrang
    71 everal previous studies examined genome-wide syntenic conservation to infer the contents of ancestral
    72 genomes followed by post-processing of those syntenic datasets to identify and plot gene retention pa
    73 e family expansion are often associated with syntenic discontinuities that-along with gene divergence
  
  
    76 oximately 25 kb of all 4 linear plasmids was syntenic for orthologous genes for plasmid maintenance o
  
    78 ete basal fungal lineage, the sex locus is a syntenic gene cluster governing sexual reproduction in w
  
  
    81 subfunctionalization and/or fractionation of syntenic gene sets, and conserved noncoding sequence con
    82 erved housekeeping genes are concentrated in syntenic gene-rich blocks, whereas virulence genes are d
    83 eudoobscura We find that while the original (syntenic) gene copy has generally retained the ancestral
    84  including insertions of high numbers of non-syntenic genes and a high rate of tandem gene duplicatio
    85 ic changes; it has acquired more than 80 non-syntenic genes and only 13 ancestral genes are shared am
  
    87 s were highly conserved with less than 1% of syntenic genes being subject to differential fractionati
    88 ed a more relaxed selection pressure for non-syntenic genes compared to syntenic genes, and gene onto
  
  
  
    92 nd gene ontology analysis indicated that non-syntenic genes may be enriched in functions involved in 
  
  
    95 icken leptin together with a cluster of five syntenic genes provided the final proof for its identifi
    96  whereas, by applying the same criteria, non-syntenic genes represent on average only 10 % of the pre
  
  
    99  comparisons of 60 diverse inbred lines, non-syntenic genes were six times more likely to be variable
   100  pressure for non-syntenic genes compared to syntenic genes, and gene ontology analysis indicated tha
  
   102 re six times more likely to be variable than syntenic genes, suggesting that comparisons among additi
  
  
  
   106 e database since its last release, including syntenic genome regions for human poly(A) sites in seven
  
   108 reakage and fusion events based on conserved syntenic genomic blocks lead to conserved patterns of ka
   109 es resulted in identification of a conserved syntenic genomic island consisting of up to 33 core gene
   110  first report of a diverse family of related syntenic genomic islands with a deep evolutionary origin
   111 mals because no direct homologs exist at the syntenic genomic locus in metatherian (marsupial) or pro
   112 mparison of assemblies to alignment of large syntenic genomic regions and whole genome human/mouse al
   113  binds to a core group of approximately 1200 syntenic genomic regions in both species, with these con
  
  
  
   117 h GC-content observed for the chicken leptin syntenic group suggests that other similar clusters of g
   118 oups, LG 13 and LG 9, were combined into one syntenic group, and the chromosome 1 linkage group marke
  
  
   121     Furthermore, the repeated recruitment of syntenic homologs from large gene families strongly impl
  
   123 locus maps to a 3.9-Mb region, with complete syntenic homology to human chromosome 14, that contains 
   124 gene is located on chromosome 2, a region of syntenic homology with human chromosome 20, and in a reg
   125  region on distal mouse chromosome 1 and its syntenic human counterpart 1q23-42 show strong evidence 
   126 ptibility locus Nba2 on chromosome 1 and the syntenic human locus are associated with a loss of immun
  
   128 ed the tree tests, the bulk (8 of 10) remain syntenic in the genomes with only a few (3 of the 10) ha
   129 mparative genomics approaches are limited to syntenic inference and recombination is suppressed withi
  
  
  
  
   134    These profiles were cross-referenced with syntenic locations exhibiting hippocampal DNA methylatio
   135 hologs of each PAI can be found in conserved syntenic locations in other Pseudomonas species, indicat
  
  
   138 melon and watermelon, we uncovered conserved syntenic loci encoding metabolic genes for distinct cucu
   139 R) in approximately 3000 human and zebrafish syntenic loci, we detected approximately 300 pairs of di
  
   141     An identical domain was activated at the syntenic locus in a specific molecular subclass of spont
  
  
  
  
  
  
   148  7 of cultivated and wild cucumbers, and the syntenic melon chromosome I suggested that the paracentr
   149 series of rearrangements engineered over the syntenic mouse region, we show that this interval contai
   150 human transcripts show no orthologues in the syntenic mouse regions although 13 have homologous seque
  
  
   153 us and duplicated regions to construct local syntenic networks, we show that a shared ancient hexaplo
   154 ution in rat, mouse, and human identified 11 syntenic NR gene blocks, including three small clusters 
   155 aize and rice reveals that 13% of genes with syntenic orthologs in both species exhibit conserved imp
  
  
  
   159 known as homeologs, homoeologs, ohnologs, or syntenic paralogs, is uneven between duplicate regions. 
  
  
   162 lting from differential fractionation in the syntenic portion of the genome using two whole-genome de
  
   164 cription factors, maintain their chromosomal syntenic positions throughout angiosperm evolutionary ti
   165 remnants of all seven dedicated GAL genes as syntenic pseudogenes, providing a rare glimpse of an ent
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   176 in the region of human chromosome 21 and the syntenic region of mouse chromosome 16, trisomy of which
   177 hin the human leukocyte receptor complex and syntenic region of mouse chromosome 7, named T cell-inte
   178  for both nephropathy and albuminuria in the syntenic region of this interval for both human and mous
  
  
   181  CRISPR/Cas9 technique to delete in mice the syntenic region on chromosome 8 to create a Dnajb1-Prkac
  
  
   184 rbor a duplication spanning the entire Hsa21 syntenic region on Mmu10, Mmu16, or Mmu17, respectively.
   185  [Df(11)17] or duplication [Dp(11)17] of the syntenic region on mouse chromosome 11 that spans the ge
  
   187 tion spanning the entire human chromosome 21 syntenic region on mouse chromosome 16 in mice using Cre
  
   189  maize chromosome 3, could be aligned with a syntenic region on rice (Oryza sativa) chromosome 1, whi
   190 B strain, germline-encoded regulation of the syntenic region resulted in decreased miR-15a/16-1.     
  
  
   193 le genome fractionation requires identifying syntenic regions across genomes followed by post-process
   194 atterns, whose parental genes are located in syntenic regions and/or have clear orthologs in at least
   195  mapped a subset of OC mouse ESTs to several syntenic regions associated with human autosomal and rec
  
   197 e duplicates as well as the absence of large syntenic regions consisting of duplicated gene copies im
   198 ne disease models, and to disease-regulating syntenic regions identified in autoimmune patients on hu
  
   200 ed an automated system to identify conserved syntenic regions in a primary genome using as outgroup a
  
   202 cluster of CslF genes that remain located in syntenic regions of all the grass genomes examined.     
   203      Single coorthologs of Baf1 are found in syntenic regions of brachypodium (Brachypodium distachyo
  
  
   206 econd, when mapping the identified CNAs onto syntenic regions of the human genome, we noted that the 
   207 H3K4me1, and H3K27Ac levels were detected at syntenic regions of the IL-10 locus in mouse neutrophils
  
   209 tered tandemly, but instead are dispersed in syntenic regions on different chromosomes, most likely a
  
   211 evolutionarily conserved positions, occur in syntenic regions, and evolve under purifying selection. 
   212 tein sequences, gene models and annotations, syntenic regions, protein families and phylogenetic tree
   213 tive loci fall outside the inferred colinear/syntenic regions, suggesting that many small rearrangeme
   214 or exhibit no p63 binding in the orthologous syntenic regions, typifying an occupancy lost subset.   
   215 ition and loss, and rearrangement within the syntenic regions-have shaped the genomes of each parasit
  
  
   218 ve analyses were undertaken to determine the syntenic relationship between L. perenne/F. pratensis an
  
  
  
   222 genomic analysis identifies chromosome-level syntenic relationships between bottle gourd and other cu
  
   224 s chromosomal rearrangements that break down syntenic relationships occur; however, they do not appea
  
   226  it also facilitates the characterization of syntenic relationships with other cultivated and model l
  
  
  
   230 by long-range chromatic interactions through syntenic repeats combined with regional methylation spre
  
   232 man chromosome 17q differs from CFA9 and the syntenic rodent chromosomes through two macroreversals o
   233  To attain functional information about this syntenic segment in mice, we have generated a 6.9-Mb del
   234 mouse mutant with a targeted deletion of the syntenic segment of the mouse X chromosome that phenocop
   235 selection signature that spanned a conserved syntenic segment to bovine chromosome 12 on caprine and 
   236 ns by finding the best alignment between two syntenic sequences, while at the same time finding biolo
  
   238 ls containing a heterozygous deletion of the syntenic SMS critical region, were observed in Rai1(+/-)
   239 ions are processed pseudogenes; we define a "syntenic" subset of the alignments that excludes these a
   240 titive elements, segmental duplications, and syntenic tandem DNA repeats were enriched in methylation
   241 The S. aureus and S. epidermidis genomes are syntenic throughout their lengths and share a core set o
   242  small 350-kb amplicon from a region that is syntenic to a much larger locus amplified in human cance
  
  
  
   246 f mouse chromosome 11B3, a 4-megabase region syntenic to human 17p13.1, produces a greater effect on 
  
  
  
   250 ized on chromosome 19 at bands C2-C3 that is syntenic to human chromosome 10q24-26; (iii) N-CDase exp
  
  
  
  
  
   256 m of rice chromosome 3, which is known to be syntenic to long arms of group-4 chromosomes of wheat.  
   257     We also noted that PUL1,6-beta-glucan is syntenic to many PULs from other Bacteroidetes, suggesti
  
  
  
  
  
   263 ately one-half of it in a chromosomal region syntenic to that of the mouse, with similar intron-exon 
   264 ops3) maps to the mouse chromosome 11 region syntenic to the common deletion interval for the Smith-M
  
   266  lyrata p4-siRNA hot spots are generally not syntenic to the most active p4-siRNA hot spots of A. tha
  
   268 ith a duplication of a 2-Mb genomic interval syntenic to the PTLS region and identified consistent be
   269  a heterozygous deletion in the mouse region syntenic to the SMS common deletion, and exhibit craniof
   270  a 12.67-Mb interval (8q21.13-q22.1) that is syntenic to the Wpk locus in rat, which is a model with 
   271  amplifications and deletions targeting loci syntenic to those not only in human T-ALL but also in di
   272 quired copy number gains and losses that are syntenic to those observed in human MYCN-amplified NBL i
   273 c regions on human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) are syntenic to three regions in the mouse genome, located o
   274 nimal genomes, we found the previously known syntenic UCEs as well as previously undescribed nonsynte
   275  a region of canine chromosome CFA15 that is syntenic with a region of human chromosome 14 (HSA14q11.
  
   277 acteria such as transposases and integrases) syntenic with ARGs were rare in soil by comparison with 
   278  A. carolinensis microchromosomes are highly syntenic with chicken microchromosomes, yet do not exhib
  
  
  
   282 1 amplifications and chromosome 4 deletions, syntenic with human 17q21-25 and 1p35-36, respectively. 
  
   284 d of mouse chromosome 17 in a region that is syntenic with human chromosome 21q22.3, where the gene f
  
  
  
   288 tion in the H. rubra mitochondrial genome is syntenic with most malacostracans that have been examine
  
   290  several growth factor proteins, and regions syntenic with pearl millet or maize genomic regions that
  
   292 ost interestingly, AID induces DSBs at sites syntenic with sites of translocations, deletions, and am
   293 al of 64% and 66% of Ae. tauschii genes were syntenic with sorghum and rice genes, respectively.     
   294 The chl gene is on a region of chromosome 21 syntenic with the area of murine chromosome 7 bearing th
   295 ied a locus on chromosome 14 (34.5-41.4 Mb), syntenic with the human 10q22-q23 schizophrenia-suscepti
  
   297  that 27 % of the 3B predicted genes are non-syntenic with the orthologous chromosomes of Brachypodiu
  
   299  the L.monocytogenes genomes are essentially syntenic, with the majority of genomic differences consi
   300 hat shares high sequence similarity to a non-syntenic zebrafish analog, cat7l Defects caused by inter
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