ライフサイエンスコーパス: tadpole

1 tode infection via trait-mediated effects on tadpoles'.].

2 sensory vesicle (simple brain) of the Ciona tadpole.

3 swimming behavior of the Ciona intestinalis tadpole.

4 the developing visual system of the Xenopus tadpole.

5 hroughout the pancreas of the Xenopus laevis tadpole.

6 motility in the intact albino Xenopus laevis tadpole.

7 her studies of network maturation in Xenopus tadpoles.

8 m neurons which drive swimming in young frog tadpoles.

9 fects observed on tectal neurons of Stage 45 tadpoles.

10 al burdens in a frog kidney cell line and in tadpoles.

11 nile frogs that had been exposed to PBDEs as tadpoles.

12 y reduced probability of infection in anuran tadpoles.

13 le tectal progenitor cells in Xenopus laevis tadpoles.

14 in triggering the metamorphosis of swimming tadpoles.

15 alamander larvae and their prey, Rana pirica tadpoles.

16 nous D-serine in the brain of Xenopus laevis tadpoles.

17 d visually-guided behavior in Xenopus laevis tadpoles.

18 /CD4(-) iT subset in unmanipulated frogs and tadpoles.

19 potent analog of propofol, in Xenopus laevis tadpoles.

20 eous activity in the optic tectum of Xenopus tadpoles.

21 kin stimuli evoke swimming in hatchling frog tadpoles.

22 s and abnormal tail morphogenesis in Xenopus tadpoles.

23 nate, augment GABA currents, and anesthetize tadpoles.

24 pecifically silence Rx expression in vivo in tadpoles.

25 eurons in the optic tectum of Xenopus laevis tadpoles.

26 to identify RGC axons specifically in living tadpoles.

27 sion was detected only in the rods of XOPNTR tadpoles.

28 o in the developing visual system of Xenopus tadpoles.

29 w that Nkx6.1 knockdown results in paralyzed tadpoles.

30 f Mtz on the vision and retinas of XOPNTR F1 tadpoles.

31 ression of ST3 in the tail of premetamorphic tadpoles.

32 tode infection via trait-mediated effects on tadpoles.

33 ndance of phylum Fusobacteria in the guts of tadpoles.

34 terior-most spinal nerves of early X. laevis tadpoles.

35 e optic tectum in stage 46-49 Xenopus laevis tadpoles.

36 f lung breathing, similar to water-breathing tadpoles.

37 ity profile reflects that of water-breathing tadpoles.

38 ensory inputs in the optic tectum of Xenopus tadpoles.

39 s during tail regeneration in Xenopus laevis tadpoles.

40 ults without their microbiota manipulated as tadpoles.

41 ocomotory swimming in post-embryonic Xenopus tadpoles.

42 ulus in the olfactory bulb of Xenopus laevis tadpoles.

43 -brain photoreception in Xenopus laevis frog tadpoles.

44 espectively, whereas intermediate-acclimated tadpoles (19-25 degrees C) cleared the greatest proporti

45 as significantly reduced both in oocytes and tadpoles 40 weeks after deprivation, and brain DHA was r

46 olfactory system of mice and Xenopus laevis tadpoles, a discussion arose about the influence of thes

47 In regenerating stumps of stage 40 tadpoles, a remarkable reversal of the current direction

48 We propose that remodeling of the tadpole acinar cells is initiated when ST3 is up regulat

49 tamorphosis thyroid hormone (TH) induces the tadpole acinar cells to dedifferentiate to a progenitor

50 evidence that Perkinsea-like protists infect tadpoles across a wide taxonomic range of frogs in tropi

51 rotected the kidney-derived A6 cell line and tadpoles against FV3 infection, decreasing the infectiou

52 ine the growth response of red-eyed treefrog tadpoles (Agalychnis callidryas) to cues from a larval d

53 The external development of tadpoles allows manipulation and direct observation of t

54 Consistent with these findings, VPA-treated tadpoles also have increased seizure susceptibility and

55 Tadpole and adult globin are not present in the same cel

56 versus uncoupling of phenotypic evolution of tadpole and adult life-history phases, and for the under

57 prevalence of uncoupling in the evolution of tadpole and adult phenotypes of frogs.

58 he basic motor pool of the swimming ascidian tadpole and has been proposed to be homologous to the sp

59 Ns directed against the noggin gene produced tadpoles and adult animals carrying up to 47% disrupted

60 examined in RV (frog virus 3 [FV3])-infected tadpoles and adult frogs by quantitative PCR, and a reco

61 Cuban tree frog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) tadpoles and adults and whether any atrazine-induced cha

62 infections by manipulating the microbiota of tadpoles and challenging them with parasitic gut worms a

63 nd retention kinetics were assessed in whole tadpoles and excised tissues using gamma spectroscopy, a

64 n preventing FV3 replication in A6 cells and tadpoles and inferior at promoting tadpole survival.

65 nockdown severely retarded the growth of the tadpoles and led to tadpole lethality prior to metamorph

66 s after manipulating the presence/absence of tadpoles and salamanders with offensive (broadened gape

67 portant resources for aquatic consumers like tadpoles and snails, causing bottom-up effects on wetlan

68 tain functional TREs that are bound by TR in tadpoles and that their promoters are regulated by TR in

69 (rXlIFN-lambda) conferred less protection to tadpoles and the A6 cell line than rXlIFN, which may be

70 an axis reflecting the developmental rate of tadpoles and the inverse of their size at metamorphosis)

71 hiopod crustaceans are represented by fairy, tadpole, and clam shrimps (Anostraca, Notostraca, Laevic

72 or decreasing) reduced Bd in culture and on tadpoles, and every concentration tested (0.0106-106 mug

73 ns driving swimming locomotion in young frog tadpoles, and how activity is switched on and off by bri

74 Spontaneous synchrony bouts are rare in most tadpoles, and they instantly emerge from and switch back

75 thesis in binding, electrophysiological, and tadpole anesthesia experiments.

76 e median anesthetic concentration (AC50) for tadpole anesthesia, but not when plotted against the ove

77 The importance of IFN-lambda in tadpole anti-FV3 defenses is underlined by the critical

78 Although critical neurons in intact tadpoles are capable of pacemaker firing individually, a

79 care in frogs is more likely to evolve when tadpoles are reared under environmentally harsh conditio

80 ganglion and the tail of Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles are remodeled.

81 Data on the cranial nerve morphology of tadpoles are scarce, and only one other species (Discogl

82 The tadpoles are synthesized using two different thermorespo

83 herbivores in Subarctic wetlands, wood frog tadpoles, are capable of increasing their developmental

84 ing limb proprioceptive signals in amphibian tadpoles as a potential sensory substitute after UL migh

85 Using Xenopus tadpoles as an experimental system to investigate rewiri

86 We find that tadpole bacterial diversity is negatively correlated wit

87 ring which time the visual system of Xenopus tadpoles becomes functional.

88 antagonizes ethanol-induced anesthesia in a tadpole behavioral assay.

89 threat to amphibian populations, with anuran tadpoles being particularly susceptible to these viral i

90 IEF/SDS-PAGE examination of irradiated tadpole brain homogenate revealed labeled protein, ident

91 into the central nervous system in X. laevis tadpole but not adult.

92 significantly affect bacterial diversity of tadpoles, but significantly increased bacterial diversit

93 These findings were corroborated in Xenopus tadpoles by EFhd2 knockdown.

94 ing central nervous system of Xenopus laevis tadpoles by using in vivo time-lapse confocal microscopy

95 In addition, the tadpoles can be dried, rehydrated, and stored in water f

96 Tadpoles can experience large temperature fluctuations i

97 In our laboratory experiments, we show that tadpoles can filter feed Bd zoospores and that the degre

98 Xenopus laevis tadpoles can regenerate tail, including spinal cord, aft

99 Young Xenopus tadpoles can respond to head-skin touch by swimming, whi

100 suggest that a severe infectious disease of tadpoles caused by a protist belonging to the phylum Per

101 Pooled across salamander treatments, tadpoles caused salamanders to reach metamorphosis faste

102 oid hormone (TH) induction of premetamorphic tadpoles causes an increase in islet size while prolonge

103 r the head, tail or both without a change in tadpole configuration.

104 eshold into a rhythmic swimming pattern: the tadpole "decided" to swim.

105 likely occurred because IG predators reduced tadpole densities and anticercarial behaviors, increasin

106 Increased litter polyphenolics slowed tadpole development, leading to increased infection by i

107 imaging in vivo, we show that pMBP-eGFP-NTR tadpoles display a graded oligodendrocyte ablation in re

108 These transgenic tadpoles do however undergo normal loss and resynthesis

109 ti-ring systems, single chain nanoparticles, tadpoles, dumbbells and hairpins, as well as the potenti

110 rdation in the growth and development of the tadpoles during metamorphosis and leads to tadpole letha

111 of all the epidermal cell types in the early tadpole epidermis and reinforces the suitability of this

112 Xenopus tadpoles exhibit a visual avoidance behavior that improv

113 rast to our previous findings that X. laevis tadpoles exhibit delayed and modest type I IFN responses

114 We observed induced carbaryl tolerance in tadpoles exposed to 0.5 mg/L carbaryl and also in tadpol

115 T3 concentrations were increased in tadpoles exposed to 200 ng/L of diuron at 34 degrees C a

116 o inventory the gut microbial communities of tadpoles exposed to cool (18 degrees C) or warm (28 degr

117 les exposed to 0.5 mg/L carbaryl and also in tadpoles exposed to predator cues.

118 We find that tadpoles exposed to VPA have abnormal sensorimotor and s

119 Transgenic tadpoles expressing a dominant negative TH receptor (TRD

120 ht representative aquatic species (including tadpoles, fish, water fleas, protozoan, and bacteria) wi

121 that neurons were morphologically simpler in tadpoles from frogs fed the deficient diet compared with

122 for Perkinsea-like lineages in livers of 182 tadpoles from multiple families of frogs.

123 malities were significantly greater in 5 dpf tadpoles from the highest exposure group when compared t

124 t of that paper was the production of normal tadpoles from the nuclei of intestinal epithelium cells

125 rial and fungal assemblages were compared in tadpoles from the pond of origin, across metamorphosis,

126 In swimming Xenopus laevis tadpoles, gaze stabilization is achieved by efference co

127 e liver, skin, and tail fibroblasts shut off tadpole genes and activate frog genes in the same cell w

128 Anuran tadpoles gradually lose the capacity to regenerate limbs

129 H3K79 methylation play an important role for tadpole growth and development prior to metamorphosis in

130 expected, increased temperatures accelerated tadpole growth through day 30 of the experiment.

131 he community structure and membership of the tadpole gut.

132 aled that despite rXlIFN treatment, infected tadpoles had considerable organ damage, including disrup

133 ees C) and cold-acclimated (13-19 degrees C) tadpoles had fewer parasites encyst at warm and cold per

134 in the United States, in which infected frog tadpoles have an abnormally enlarged yellowish liver fil

135 These findings challenge the view that tadpoles have defective antiviral immunity and suggest,

136 rogs that had reduced bacterial diversity as tadpoles have three times more worms than adults without

137 lls and in ex vivo experiments using Xenopus tadpole heads.

138 itional pacemaker neurons on one side of the tadpole hindbrain and spinal cord.

139 ct and indirect effects on key traits of the tadpole host (rates of growth, development and survival)

140 G) predators that consume both parasites and tadpole hosts did not.

141 st that these viruses are more pathogenic to tadpole hosts than was previously believed, causing exte

142 g per capita exposure rates of the surviving tadpoles (i.e., via density- and trait-mediated effects)

143 In the motor circuit of Xenopus tadpoles, I study how certain voltage-dependent ionic cu

144 more likely to survive to metamorphosis than tadpoles in 45-day mesocosms.

145 increased the odds of survival by 1.79, and tadpoles in 52-day and 64-day hydroperiod mesocosms were

146 ces endogenous TR function in premetamorphic tadpoles in the presence of T3.

147 Specifically, tadpoles in the warm treatment exhibited higher abundanc

148 terial diversity or community composition of tadpoles (in vivo or in vitro) or adults.

149 gth of the small intestine in premetamorphic tadpoles, in contrast to X. laevis, where it is present

150 caused large-scale morphological effects in tadpoles, including changes in brain morphology and incr

151 Anuran tadpoles, including those of Xenopus laevis, are particu

152 binding of TR in the control and T3-treated tadpole intestine.

153 The Ciona tadpole is constructed from simple, well-defined cell li

154 of IBF for pre-metamorphic Rana catesbeiana tadpoles is 41.5 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 32.3-53.

155 of MSI in the optic tectum of Xenopus laevis tadpoles is mediated by the network dynamics of the recr

156 Intriguingly, FV3 impaired A6 cell and tadpole kidney type III IFN receptor gene expression.

157 The tadpole larva of a sea squirt is only the second animal

158 ir hitherto unknown synaptic networks in the tadpole larva of a sibling chordate, the ascidian, Ciona

159 that a particular neuronal cell type in the tadpole larva of the tunicate Ciona intestinalis, the bi

160 orsal tubular nervous system of the ascidian tadpole larva, Ciona intestinalis.

161 terneuron subtypes in the Ciona intestinalis tadpole larva.

162 Ciona tadpole larvae exhibit a basic chordate body plan charac

163 ared two organisms that share a prototypical tadpole larval body plan but are separated by over half

164 al. show that manipulating the microbiota of tadpoles leads to increased susceptibility to parasitic

165 e tadpoles during metamorphosis and leads to tadpole lethality at the climax of metamorphosis.

166 tarded the growth of the tadpoles and led to tadpole lethality prior to metamorphosis.

167 he kidney-derived A6 cell line as well as in tadpole leukocytes and tissues.

168 tantly, we show that monomeric Httex1 adopts tadpole-like architectures for polyQ lengths below and a

169 ed in the form of bullet-like, rod-like, and tadpole-like shapes.

170 e x-ray experiments reveal that AnBgl1 has a tadpole-like structure, with the N-terminal catalytic do

171 Furthermore, increased predation on tadpoles likely causes offensive phenotype individuals t

172 tion and secondary polyphenolic compounds on tadpole (Lithobates sylvatica) exposure and susceptibili

173 climation effects on infection of green frog tadpoles (Lithobates clamitans) by the trematode parasit

174 insea, while only 2.5% histologically normal tadpole livers tested positive (2/81), suggesting that s

175 In tadpoles, loss of righting reflex for these two ent-ster

176 thesis of chemically multifunctional polymer tadpoles made at high weight fractions of polymer (>10 w

177 Tadpoles mainly breathe water for gas exchange and frogs

178 n, while non-regenerating stumps of stage 45 tadpole maintained outward currents.

179 from the lineage previously associated with tadpole mass-mortality events.

180 ve the swimming CPG in the hatchling Xenopus tadpole, may contribute to the maintenance of swimming a

181 ctrophysiological characteristics of Xenopus tadpole midbrain neurons across development and during h

182 acts on the small soluble substrates, has a tadpole molecular shape are not entirely clear.

183 rior germ layer patterning, gastrulation and tadpole morphology.

184 mechanisms underlying initiation of a simple tadpole motor response may share similarities with more

185 the responses of adults, here we report that tadpoles mount timely and robust type III IFN gene respo

186 Notably, tadpoles mounted timely and more robust IFN-lambda gene

187 Livers from all PCR-tested SPI-tadpoles (n = 19) were positive for the Novel Alveolate

188 Multicompartment tadpole nano-objects are a rare and intriguing class of

189 robust FV3-elicited IFN gene expression than tadpoles; nevertheless, they also tolerated substantiall

190 of Bufo terrestris and Hyla cinerea, whereas tadpoles of B. terrestris (an obligate benthos feeder) g

191 lly diluted the risk of chytridiomycosis for tadpoles of Bufo terrestris and Hyla cinerea, whereas ta

192 CA) on thyroid function and metamorphosis in tadpoles of Lithobates catesbeianus.

193 Tadpoles of the American bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeian

194 issue 'fingerprint' in spawn and early-stage tadpoles of the Common frog, Rana temporaria, using atte

195 The embryos and tadpoles of the frog Xenopus are increasingly important

196 acterium johnsoniae were administered to 240 tadpoles of the midwife toad, Alytes obstetricans in sem

197 Moreover, in the presence of tadpoles, offensive phenotype salamanders metamorphosed

198 l and metamorph emergence by 58% compared to tadpole-only treatments, and by over 30% compared to non

199 ic regions of tectal neuron dendrites in the tadpole optic tectum requires NMDA receptor activity.

200 cause atrazine does not affect microbiota of tadpoles or adults.

201 t tolerance or resistance to Bd intensity in tadpoles or adults.

202 dulatory pesticides in the United States, on tadpole (Osteopilus septentrionalis) survival and Bd gro

203 As hypothesized, tadpole pace-of-life was a significant positive predicto

204 In young Xenopus tadpoles, paired whole-cell recordings reveal reticulosp

205 The tadpole pancreas has differentiated acinar cells but an

206 verse of their size at metamorphosis) in our tadpole-parasitic cercarial (trematode) system, would be

207 ermediate hosts, causing opposing effects on tadpole per capita exposure to trematode infection.

208 Thus, in contrast to previous assumptions, tadpoles possess intact antiviral defenses reliant on ty

209 splayed more robust IFN gene expression than tadpoles, possibly explaining why they typically clear F

210 ory metabolic mechanisms) can be observed in tadpoles present in the pond most impacted by pollution

211 rd cyclization, yielding up to 94% monomeric tadpole proteins.

212 Tadpoles provided with short-term visual enhancement gen

213 to the necessity of developing a free-living tadpole quickly in rapid developers.

214 Tadpoles recover the ability to detect amino acids 4 day

215 phenotype salamanders reduced the number of tadpoles remaining in the pond over time by reducing tad

216 monstrate that reduction of Rx expression in tadpoles results in decreases in expression of several P

217 Tadpoles retained Se throughout metamorphosis, and parti

218 ary cellular changes detected in the rodless tadpole retina mimic those observed in other models of r

219 al FV3; however, infection in Xenopus laevis tadpoles revealed that FV3-DeltavIF-2alpha and FV3-Delta

220 The photocurrents of Xenopus tadpole rods were measured with suction electrode record

221 Members of this clade were present in 38 tadpoles sampled from 14 distinct genera/phylogroups, fr

222 The tadpole-shaped archaellin monomer has two domains, a bet

223 The European tadpole shrimp, Triops cancriformis, has undergone a tra

224 To test these hypotheses, we exposed seven tadpole species to a range of parasite (cercarial) doses

225 Switching from red cells containing tadpole-specific globin to those with frog globin in the

226 silence neurons on just one side of Xenopus tadpole spinal cord and hindbrain, which generate swimmi

227 of the development of neurons in the Xenopus tadpole spinal cord to include interactions between axon

228 In Xenopus frog tadpoles, spinal locomotor network output is adapted by

229 sistence of Bd is enhanced by the long-lived tadpole stage that characterize these two frog species,

230 bial population signature persisted from the tadpole stage, through metamorphosis, and following prob

231 ring development and persisted into swimming tadpole stages without perturbing the expression of the

232 nal nonlinear topologies including circular, tadpole, star, and H-shaped proteins using genetically e

233 Although tadpole stimulation with rXlIFN prior to FV3 challenge m

234 they typically clear FV3 infections, whereas tadpoles succumb to them.

235 The impact of F. johnsoniae on the tadpole surface microbiome was assessed with shotgun met

236 viral burdens, it only transiently extended tadpole survival and did not prevent the eventual mortal

237 Offensive phenotype salamanders reduced tadpole survival and metamorph emergence by 58% compared

238 Tadpole survival was unaffected by the pesticides but wa

239 und that increased litter nitrogen increased tadpole survival, and also increased cercaria production

240 remaining in the pond over time by reducing tadpole survival, not by altering patterns of metamorph

241 cells and tadpoles and inferior at promoting tadpole survival.

242 A significant decrease in tadpole survivorship was observed at 209 mug/g while the

243 In Xenopus frog tadpoles, swim bout duration correlates linearly with in

244 respond to sensory stimulation by mimicking tadpole swimming behavior.

245 o parallel mechanisms have been proposed for tadpole swimming maintenance: postinhibition rebound fir

246 central pattern generator (CPG) for Xenopus tadpole swimming that involves antiphase oscillations of

247 ion and phasic inhibition can promote faster tadpole swimming.

248 We show in the Xenopus tadpole system that the gamma-glomerulus, which receives

249 Cultured tadpole tail fin treated with IBF for 48 h also demonstr

250 ng non-viral somatic transgenesis in Xenopus tadpole tail muscle, a setting that provides long term e

251 rican species Rana catesbeiana in a cultured tadpole tailfin (C-fin) assay to compare the effluents.

252 ls from adult frog legs or from regenerating tadpole tails do not promote limb regeneration, demonstr

253 scopy is capable of detecting differences in tadpoles that are present in selected ponds with differe

254 In these transgenic pMBP-eGFP-NTR tadpoles the myelin basic protein (MBP) regulatory seque

255 s of transcripts between control and exposed tadpoles, there was a significant relationship (r(2) = 0

256 al time, rXlIFN treatments failed to prevent tadpole tissue damage and mortality.

257 the optic tectal neuropil of Xenopus laevis tadpoles to detect and quantify changes in synaptic ultr

258 use the optic tectum of awake Xenopus laevis tadpoles to determine how a neuron becomes able to gener

259 We orally exposed Lithobates (Rana) pipiens tadpoles to environmentally realistic levels (0-634 ng/g

260 Offensive phenotypes also caused tadpoles to metamorphose 19% larger than no salamander t

261 ure model in which we exposed Xenopus laevis tadpoles to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), a known convulsant

262 The neuronal circuitry that allows frog tadpoles to swim in response to touch is well characteri

263 g the timing of amphibian metamorphosis from tadpoles to tetrapods, through the production and subseq

264 disorders in which we expose Xenopus laevis tadpoles to valproic acid (VPA) during a critical time p

265 ap refinement in vivo while exposing Xenopus tadpoles to visual stimuli.

266 aquatic vertebrate, the two-day-old Xenopus tadpole, to investigate how the brainstem and spinal cir

267 3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in tadpoles treated at higher temperature.

268 By using the intestine of premetamorphic tadpoles treated with or without T3 and for chromatin im

269 two-photon) and the visual system of albino tadpoles (two-photon).

270 FV3 than adults, contrasting with the poorer tadpole type I IFN responses.

271 ar the infection within a few weeks, whereas tadpoles typically succumb to this virus.

272 expressed in the neural folds, and in early tadpoles undergoing organogenesis gtpbp2 is expressed pr

273 These results suggest that tadpoles use different immune mechanisms to resist diffe

274 ecies should decrease trematode infection in tadpoles via density- and trait-mediated effects on the

275 Here we used the Xenopus laevis tadpole visual system to test whether activity is instru

276 t cortical neurons and in the Xenopus laevis tadpole visual system.

277 ilization of developing axon branches in the tadpole visual system.

278 n of 1-azidoanthracene to albino stage 40-47 tadpoles was found to immobilize animals upon near-UV ir

279 1-aminoanthracene required to immobilize the tadpoles was significantly increased in the presence of

280 t avoidance assay in freely swimming Xenopus tadpoles, we demonstrate that CB1R activation markedly i

281 g semi-intact preparations of Xenopus laevis tadpoles, we determined the cellular substrate and the s

282 ture and visually evoked Ca(2+) responses in tadpoles, we found that inhibitory neurons cluster into

283 By studying simple hatchling Xenopus laevis tadpoles, we have already identified a population of ele

284 Stage 40-47 tadpoles were also incubated 1 h with microtubule stabil

285 Limnodynastes peronii tadpoles were exposed to dissolved (75)Se (as selenite)

286 ct on embryogenesis because normally feeding tadpoles were formed, consistent with the lack of matern

287 Trematodes or tadpoles were independently acclimated to a range of 'ac

288 Transgenic tadpoles were prepared with an elastase promoter driving

289 Tadpoles were then reared until stage 49, a time period

290 a simple vertebrate model, the young Xenopus tadpole, where the hindbrain and spinal cord excitatory

291 ) effect on Bd growth both in culture and on tadpoles, where low (0.0176-1.76 mug/L) and high (32-176

292 matodes) reduced metacercarial infections in tadpoles, whereas intraguild (IG) predators that consume

293 our developmental strategy to young Xenopus tadpoles, whose brainstem and spinal cord share a core v

294 lastoma cells or the heads of Xenopus laevis tadpoles with constructs containing the SV40 or PDEbeta

295 Furthermore, in young tadpoles with low class Ia expression, deep sequencing r

296 by injecting the tail of Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles with peptide 4.2, a 20-aa sequence derived from

297 e in islet size while prolonged treatment of tadpoles with the goitrogen methimazole inhibits this in

298 In contrast transgenic tadpoles with the same TRDN transgene driven by an insul

299 ments (40-50 nucleotides) in 4.4-25.7% of F0 tadpoles, with germline transmission.

300 er of exposed pre-metamorphic R. catesbeiana tadpoles within 6 d.