ライフサイエンスコーパス: thermodynamically

1 aporation effects are controlled kinetically/thermodynamically.

2 gas subjected to spin current can be treated thermodynamically.

3 ead to cleavage of this bond, very favorable thermodynamically.

4 ork types have been synthesized and >330,000 thermodynamically accessible zeolite structures have bee

5 hth key metabolite is molecular oxygen (O2), thermodynamically activated for reduction by one electro

6 In many plants, source pressure results from thermodynamically active loading in which energy is used

7 This enzyme used solar energy to power the thermodynamically and chemically demanding reaction of w

8 Thermodynamically and chemically stable RNA nanoparticle

9 lution of colloidal metal nanocrystals under thermodynamically and kinetically controlled conditions.

10 It provides a thermodynamically and kinetically favorable means to for

11 f agonist-bound LBDs that may potentially be thermodynamically and kinetically important during stati

12 This reaction is also thermodynamically and kinetically more favourable than w

13 ted for N2 binding and reduction through the thermodynamically and kinetically reversible reductive-e

14 of 15.7 muM), in an overall reaction that is thermodynamically and kinetically reversible.

15 ate that an extensional flow readily unfolds thermodynamically and kinetically stable proteins, expos

16 This article shows that MoS2 nanosheets are thermodynamically and kinetically unstable to O2-oxidati

17 ate-based model, RateFrac in Aspen Plus, was thermodynamically and kinetically validated by experimen

18 ty in magmas has until now been viewed (both thermodynamically and kinetically) in terms of the press

19 Thus, 1a is a poor H(+) donor both thermodynamically and kinetically.

20 e self-assembly of graphene sheets is driven thermodynamically, as graphite is found to act as a 2D s

21 ntal methods that "count" the number of ions thermodynamically associated with the ion atmosphere all

22 kinetically during the oxidation process or thermodynamically at basic conditions via disulfide bond

23 -scanning process allows for kinetically and thermodynamically balanced engineering of DNA-binding pr

24 at the structure alternatives are controlled thermodynamically by the nucleation, while kinetically b

25 We then compare our results to thermodynamically calculated K(D) values.

26 of 3d metal complexes for the activation of thermodynamically challenging bonds.

27 ivatives into coenzyme B12 by catalyzing the thermodynamically challenging reduction of Co(II) rrinoi

28 Thermodynamically, changes in the aqueous environment af

29 and organic chloride salts were studied and thermodynamically characterized in solution.

30 insight into Trx-target recognition, we have thermodynamically characterized the noncovalent interact

31 sis in the forward and reverse reactions are thermodynamically consistent, complying with the expecte

32 vious mathematical models, we present a new, thermodynamically consistent, statistical-mechanical mod

33 Experimental data were analyzed to yield a thermodynamically constrained four-redox-state model of

34 pic space, the reversibility of reactions is thermodynamically constrained in modern metabolic networ

35 predicted gene essentiality as accurately as thermodynamically constrained networks, but predicted su

36 This mechanistically detailed, thermodynamically constrained, pH-dependent model of E3

37 ights some of the challenges inherent to the thermodynamically controlled assembly of rigid, compact,

38 ition occurs from a kinetically to a largely thermodynamically controlled distribution at 297 K.

39 We find that thermodynamically controlled distributions are rare and

40 We report the thermodynamically controlled growth of solution-processa

41 e as part of a novel, copper-independent and thermodynamically controlled iron uptake system.

42 eir final structural states by folding along thermodynamically controlled pathways.

43 l periodic arrays of m = 3 are assembled via thermodynamically controlled processes.

44 By connecting a thermodynamically controlled rearrangement process to re

45 This study is the first example of the thermodynamically controlled solution-phase synthesis of

46 of Trx-like proteins is the key factor that thermodynamically controls reactivity toward nitrosylate

47 ns of known structure into their constituent thermodynamically cooperative components using protein-g

48 hin a protein or enzyme are functionally and thermodynamically coupled.

49 0.55 V in overpotential with respect to the thermodynamically demanding reduction-first pathway, whi

50 Although thermodynamically destabilized and aggregation-prone, th

51 Furthermore, this mutant is thermodynamically destabilized and more prone to proteol

52 ing explains the experimental observation of thermodynamically destabilizing mutations that accelerat

53 This allows thermodynamically difficult reactions, such as CO2 split

54 upporting the hypothesis that life arose via thermodynamically directed events at hydrothermal vents.

55 can be promoted by reaction conditions that thermodynamically disfavor the [2,3] rearrangement step

56 igned to stabilize otherwise kinetically and thermodynamically disfavored 6-membered alkyl palladacyc

57 thesis reactions may be designed to generate thermodynamically disfavored alkenyl chlorides and fluor

58 hree enol-ketone pairs, equilibration of the thermodynamically disfavored tautomer was attempted with

59 ization gives surprising selectivity for the thermodynamically disfavored Z-5-exo product.

60 an that for water (pK(a)(H3O(+)) = 0), which thermodynamically disfavors a concerted proton transfer

61 ly separate GSH and GAQ gating, which report thermodynamically distinct initial and final steps, resp

62 ism is more complex and instead involves two thermodynamically distinct solid solutions in which the

63 s the free energy released in the process to thermodynamically drive proton pumping across its membra

64 ed to an energy transduction step that could thermodynamically drive proton pumping in complex I.

65 For both guest ions, CE is thermodynamically driven as it aims for the formation of

66 (PLS) and to the binuclear center (BNC) are thermodynamically driven by electron transfer from heme

67 FGF2 membrane translocation is thermodynamically driven by PI(4,5)P2-induced membrane i

68 This plasmoelectric effect is thermodynamically driven by the increase in entropy that

69 triggered by a hydrometalation event and is thermodynamically driven by the refunctionalization of a

70 chanism for axial configuration is primarily thermodynamically driven by the vapor-liquid-solid growt

71 in the absence of ribosomal DNA, whereas the thermodynamically driven components assemble but lose te

72 ce modification, as opposed to promoting the thermodynamically driven dissolution common for molecule

73 their respective ultrathin nanowires through thermodynamically driven material diffusion.

74 the alloyed interface of core/shell QDs is a thermodynamically driven process to minimize the lattice

75 s indicated by RP-HPLC and verified later by thermodynamically driven release of sCT, from the conjug

76 oparticle surface patterning, which utilizes thermodynamically driven segregation of polymer ligands

77 Thermodynamically driven self-assembly offers a direct r

78 nd show that a small number of particles are thermodynamically driven to rearrange in regions of low

79 Folding is spontaneous, thermodynamically driven, and the yield depends on lipid

80 omplete approximately 200-A membrane domain, thermodynamically driving synthesis of ATP.

81 ides new design rules for the development of thermodynamically efficient catalysts for an important c

82 show that for intersurface separations that thermodynamically favor dewetting, the barrier to dewett

83 The mechanistic pathway is thermodynamically favorable and its predicted kinetics a

84 functional theory (DFT) simulations found a thermodynamically favorable and non-OH(*) mediated pathw

85 sociation despite the overall reaction being thermodynamically favorable at ambient temperatures and

86 bcg4 dimer suggested that desmosterol showed thermodynamically favorable binding at the putative ster

87 sampled on the ground state, with the former thermodynamically favorable by approximately 3 kcal/mol.

88 ase pathway, consisting of a small number of thermodynamically favorable chemical transformations tha

89 ere too low for the 2e(-) DET reaction to be thermodynamically favorable for p-nitrophenol.

90 tified a chemical reaction mechanism that is thermodynamically favorable in which thiol-bound mercury

91 pattern conducive to the proton relay is not thermodynamically favorable on the ground state but beco

92 calculations suggest that the N2 binding is thermodynamically favorable only with the highly reduced

93 A key step in the proposed mechanisms is a thermodynamically favorable PCET reaction composed of in

94 librium of CoxB reduction by TlpA revealed a thermodynamically favorable reaction, with a less negati

95 ed identify removal mechanisms and determine thermodynamically favorable solid phases.

96 ic favorable selenite reduction and the less thermodynamically favorable sulfate reduction.

97 with an excess of unlabeled DNA to initiate thermodynamically favorable unfolding-refolding reaction

98 nding of these AMLP micelles to membranes is thermodynamically favorable, but in contrast to the mono

99 w that PET in several amino-modified dyes is thermodynamically favorable, even though it was not expe

100 accessory [FeS] clusters to the H-cluster is thermodynamically favorable.

101 toward the fourth tryptophan is found to be thermodynamically favorable.

102 reaction (elimination) both faster and more thermodynamically favorable.

103 ctures that have previously been shown to be thermodynamically favorable.

104 VI) by Fe(II) in the presence of goethite is thermodynamically favorable.

105 cts, and is a nucleated process that remains thermodynamically favored at lower temperatures, but is

106 that the formation of solid carbon [C(s)] is thermodynamically favored at temperatures above approxim

107 us conversion of the desired products to the thermodynamically favored bisindolyl(aryl)methanes, a pr

108 ctive because of overoxidation of propene to thermodynamically favored CO2 Here, we report that hexag

109 ods permit the hydrogenation of alkenes to a thermodynamically favored configuration when steric effe

110 The system harnesses an assistant strand and thermodynamically favored designation of unpaired nucleo

111 vored spin-pairing, and the formation of the thermodynamically favored diamagnetic five-coordinate S-

112 lated intermediate (up state) leading to the thermodynamically favored down binding mode in the chann

113 terestingly, we find that these features are thermodynamically favored even in the absence of a heter

114 icates prevented their reorganization to the thermodynamically favored Fe(II)4L4 tetrahedral cages, t

115 binding of dATP to the enzyme-DNA complex is thermodynamically favored for TTD-containing DNA over un

116 site is oxidized via the T1 Cu, a different thermodynamically favored half oxidized T3 form, i.e., t

117 Reaction at high temperature quickly forms thermodynamically favored nanocubes, but low temperature

118 s a parallel stacked bilayer assembly as the thermodynamically favored nanostructure.

119 lations also illustrate that dATP binding is thermodynamically favored over dGTP binding at both thym

120 is heteroleptic architecture was shown to be thermodynamically favored over the corresponding homolep

121 sm responsible for averting the formation of thermodynamically favored side-products.

122 or trisubstituted alkyl complex as the more thermodynamically favored state, depending on either the

123 e-dimensional simulator designed to find the thermodynamically favored states for given chromosome ge

124 ne-dimensional fibrous nanostructures as the thermodynamically favored states in solvents of low pola

125 Finally, these findings confirm that, in its thermodynamically favored Td form, the utilization of WT

126 This segregation is thermodynamically favored to occur when Pbx Sn1-x Se lay

127 m this ferric intermediate, hydroxylation is thermodynamically favored, but chlorination is intrinsic

128 O2)2] at the low temperatures at which it is thermodynamically favored.

129 emperatures, while the hcp structure is more thermodynamically favourable at lower temperatures.

130 Kinetic restriction of a thermodynamically favourable equilibrium is a common the

131 ing whereby the structure formed is the most thermodynamically favourable, thermodynamics have an inc

132 scape, the peptide-amphiphile system forms a thermodynamically favoured product characterized by long

133 such as Fano resonance, but are usually not thermodynamically favoured.

134 ins provide a kinetic barrier to prevent the thermodynamically feasible reduction of Mia40 substrates

135 al engineering rules" as there is a range of thermodynamically feasible structures with no distinctio

136 Computational studies indicate that it is thermodynamically feasible to synthesize FAU with SAR=2-

137 rnative packings to the known polymorphs are thermodynamically feasible.

138 to give boronate esters are the most favored thermodynamically, followed by diazaborole formation.

139 domains that couple non-adjacent G5 domains thermodynamically, forming interfaces that are more stab

140 A thermodynamically guided calculation of free energies of

141 hat the preceding formation of a 1:2 complex thermodynamically hampers the voltammetric observation o

142 studied extensively, how the clock is driven thermodynamically has remained elusive.

143 teins of these pathogens is refolding into a thermodynamically highly stable fusion core structure co

144 s, enabling them to adopt what are otherwise thermodynamically inaccessible functional conformations.

145 Ostwald's rule of stages and proceed toward thermodynamically increasingly stable, more dense phases

146 lidin-5-ones is favored both kinetically and thermodynamically independently of the solvent, in agree

147 Networks with thermodynamically informed reversibility constraints out

148 Outward MCT activity is, however, thermodynamically inhibited by extracellular acidity, a

149 The protein drug, rhGM-CSF, was partitioned thermodynamically into a dextran dispersed phase of the

150 e O2s exciton, which is the most favored one thermodynamically, is unreactive because of a high prope

151 Theoretical calculation suggests that the thermodynamically less favorable core-shell Ag@Au nanost

152 ergy differences make cryptomelane formation thermodynamically less favorable than birnessite formati

153 and consequently enables the observation of thermodynamically less favored and therefore low populat

154 strates that the relative populations of the thermodynamically less favored gaseous carboxylate tauto

155 tic control of the reaction to arrive at the thermodynamically less stable geometrical isomer.

156 tioselective method for the synthesis of the thermodynamically less stable indanedione-fused 2,6-tran

157 Catalytic access to thermodynamically less stable Z-alkenes has recently rec

158 nomeric ApoE3 and ApoE4, which renders ApoE4 thermodynamically less stable, less structured, and topo

159 The thermodynamically leveraged conversion of ethers and alc

160 ed on ionophore-based polymeric membranes is thermodynamically limited.

161 subsequent collapse of the minor isomer are thermodynamically linked.

162 We have synthesized thermodynamically metastable Ca2IrO4 thin-films on YAlO3

163 rO6 and Li5ZrO6 delithiation products can be thermodynamically metastable to release of O2.

164 tructures, some of which are predicted to be thermodynamically more favorable as well as slightly den

165 an efficient strategy to replace OER with a thermodynamically more favorable reaction, the oxidation

166 Protamine adsorption is thermodynamically more favorable than protamine extracti

167 chloramine, and tribromamine are found to be thermodynamically more favorable than was previously bel

168 favored gaseous carboxylate tautomer or the thermodynamically more favored gaseous phenoxide tautome

169 expected" product with six-membered rings is thermodynamically more favored.

170 lternative conformations are kinetically and thermodynamically more readily accessible for the Gly41S

171 " species, that subsequently converts to the thermodynamically more stable "bis-mu-oxo" isomer (Keq =

172 eletons, which were further transformed into thermodynamically more stable 1H- and 6H-tautomers, resp

173 Reduction of the thermodynamically more stable goethite and hematite chan

174 -allylruthenium complex that isomerizes to a thermodynamically more stable monosubstituted pi-allylru

175 ne month, the PCO-isomer rearranges into the thermodynamically more stable POC-isomer of the cage-lik

176 In other cases, rearrangement to the thermodynamically more stable products arising from C-at

177 RAF pathways are faster, but HAT yields thermodynamically more stable radical products, indicati

178 The [6 + 4] adduct is thermodynamically more stable than the [4 + 2] adduct by

179 pounds with polycyclic structures, which are thermodynamically more stable than the corresponding pi-

180 ron oxyhydroxide (ferrihydrite structure) is thermodynamically more stable than the equivalent undope

181 ow that the perovskite (SH(-) )(H3 S(+) ) is thermodynamically more stable than the Im3 m structure o

182 ans nonchelated enol conformers of MA become thermodynamically more stable than the internally hydrog

183 As protein-bound bivalent probes are thermodynamically more stable than unbound probes, diffe

184 rom the nonbulky end of the rod to reach the thermodynamically most stable state before unfolding-med

185 Although proteins generally fold to their thermodynamically most stable state, some metastable pro

186 trong aliphatic C-H bond is activated, while thermodynamically much weaker aliphatic C-H groups, that

187 at ensures that the hydrogen binding step is thermodynamically neutral.

188 ptides bind MHC class II molecules through a thermodynamically nonadditive process consequent to the

189 hange of interlayer K(+) for Cs(+) is nearly thermodynamically nonselective, recent experiments show

190 Using a design strategy to find the thermodynamically optimal coatings for a cathode, we fur

191 olysulfide phase in the sulfide electrode is thermodynamically phase-separated from the superconcentr

192 s display a Poisson's ratio of -1-the lowest thermodynamically possible value for an isotropic materi

193 ally studied species, whereas pathway "b" is thermodynamically preferable for the small-sized model s

194 e of L, with smaller phosphines favoring the thermodynamically preferred (from DFT calculations) tran

195 ble bond and a slow isomerization toward the thermodynamically preferred E-isomer.

196 lloys, we find that bulk phase separation is thermodynamically preferred for PbS-CaS.

197 Antiregistration can become thermodynamically preferred if domain size is restricted

198 hat in all cases C-attack is kinetically and thermodynamically preferred over O-attack.

199 inate acyl dicarbonyl complexes appear to be thermodynamically preferred over the four-coordinate acy

200 ation of Ni(II) at the hexahistidine site is thermodynamically preferred over Zn(II).

201 the problem becomes purely geometrical: the thermodynamically preferred state should maximize the nu

202 For the other 3, misfolded structures are thermodynamically preferred, suggesting opportunities fo

203 fying the most stable binding mode and other thermodynamically relevant poses.

204 Furthermore, consistent with the thermodynamically required coupling between curvature ge

205 ion potential of the distal [4Fe-4S] cluster thermodynamically restricts the Fdox/Fdred ratio at whic

206 a second complex (type II) with DPC that is thermodynamically slightly more stable.

207 anning fluorimetry that the N-linked glycans thermodynamically stabilize the VWF A2 domain.

208 , which we designate as smectic-fA phase, is thermodynamically stabilized by both entropic and energe

209 rganization leads to the formation of a more thermodynamically stable 0D structure.

210 oselective reductions of ketones to the most thermodynamically stable alcohols.

211 , in the carbon family, graphite is the most thermodynamically stable allotrope, conversion of other

212 lattice, where complete conversion into the thermodynamically stable alpha-domain is shown in dyspro

213 ite-sized aggregates are further shown to be thermodynamically stable and tunable with a single dimen

214 NO becomes thermodynamically stable at 198 GPa.

215 drides SnH8, SnH12 and SnH14 are found to be thermodynamically stable at high pressure.

216 these observations and predicts that LAMP is thermodynamically stable below a critical chiAC, above w

217 iscovered intermetallic systems for which no thermodynamically stable binaries are known.

218 The formation of such a thermodynamically stable but nonspecific complex is expe

219 are relatively unknown compared to the more thermodynamically stable calcium carbonate polymorph, ca

220 lohexanone ring was then epimerized into its thermodynamically stable cis counterpart, with little lo

221 superhelicity is necessary, which leads to a thermodynamically stable complex between hnRNP K and the

222 h pair of orientational BN isomers, the more thermodynamically stable compound has the lower HOMO ene

223 ond anvil cell, we report the discovery of a thermodynamically stable compound of helium and sodium,

224 Oxidizing Hg to +4 and +3 yielded the thermodynamically stable compounds HgF4 and HgF3.

225 an extremely complex phase diagram, with new thermodynamically stable compounds K3Cl, K2Cl, K3Cl2, K4

226 It is not known to form thermodynamically stable compounds, except a few inclusi

227 ormation of a mixture of E/Z isomers and the thermodynamically stable E addition product.

228 The thermodynamically stable enol crystal form of barbituric

229 the nucleation density dramatically under a thermodynamically stable environment, yielding uniform a

230 gly, precursors that directly crystallize to thermodynamically stable FeSb2 products also contain loc

231 f-pathway aggregate state with regard to the thermodynamically stable fibrous supramolecular polymers

232 es corresponds to that of hexagonal ice, the thermodynamically stable form of bulk ice.

233 structures are available, they refer to the thermodynamically stable forms but little or no informat

234 may form large evolutionarily conserved and thermodynamically stable hairpins.

235 ates that are rich in cubic ice, and not the thermodynamically stable hexagonal polymorph.

236 extraordinary compounds Al4O7 and AlO2 to be thermodynamically stable in the pressure ranges 330-443

237 rs over several tens of seconds during which thermodynamically stable inner-sphere Rb(+) slowly trans

238 nds and find no computational evidence for a thermodynamically stable intermediate for any of these c

239 actors, the immature particles evolve into a thermodynamically stable intermediate that exhibits low

240 As predicted, the less thermodynamically stable isotopomer rearranges at cryoge

241 aggregation, PrP dimers were funneled into a thermodynamically stable misfolded state along a single

242 ing support for not only metastable but also thermodynamically stable multimeric clusters in aqueous

243 l) and trans-5-OH-TBOH, with the former most thermodynamically stable overall.

244 -phase' in chiral magnets is an example of a thermodynamically stable phase with topologically nontri

245 m = n compounds were found to convert to the thermodynamically stable phase, the (1,1) compound.

246 aterials via topochemical deintercalation of thermodynamically stable phases.

247 metastable pre-fusion conformation to a more thermodynamically stable post-fusion structure.

248 cal nucleation mechanism via the assembly of thermodynamically stable prenucleation clusters, as well

249 self-assemble into colloidal monolayers with thermodynamically stable rafts exhibiting chiral structu

250 oS2 nanosheets, inhibiting conversion to the thermodynamically stable semiconducting state (2H) when

251 This biosensor can detect even thermodynamically stable SNP (G-T mismatches) in the ran

252 the two pathways diverge to produce distinct thermodynamically stable species (parallel and antiparal

253 In addition, there is a thermodynamically stable state B at 7 degrees C that is

254 low chemical reactions finally controlling a thermodynamically stable state.

255 sion of the kinetically trapped state to the thermodynamically stable state.

256 lubricate the conformational search for the thermodynamically stable states.

257 es 0 and 1 (coding requirements), and form a thermodynamically stable stem-loop secondary structure (

258 cible but predominantly aqueous phases-offer thermodynamically stable steps in density that can be tu

259 a low capacity for base pairing, it forms a thermodynamically stable structure with a rather complex

260 information will be useful in the design of thermodynamically stable structures containing chemicall

261 th balanced enthalpy and entropy in creating thermodynamically stable supramolecular lattices with pr

262 ork here is to chemically probe the range of thermodynamically stable tetraboride compounds with resp

263 fectly matches experimental data, it is more thermodynamically stable than previously proposed recons

264 ike RuN3 and RuN4 are proposed firstly to be thermodynamically stable, and the dynamical and mechanic

265 tes only transiently populated from within a thermodynamically stable, native-state ensemble.

266 an cationic trypsin, but not trypsinogen, is thermodynamically stable, such that cleavage by CTRC lea

267 ture conditions, we show that TDP-43(NTD) is thermodynamically stable, well-folded and undergoes reve

268 evolutionary pressure to be only marginally thermodynamically stable.

269 K, Rb, and Cs compounds are predicted to be thermodynamically stable.

270 ments have shown that the amorphous phase is thermodynamically stable.

271 rtially lined by protein, be kinetically and thermodynamically stable?

272 th of the benzylphenyl ether relative to the thermodynamically stronger carbon-sulfur bond is ascribe

273 hermal titration calorimetry to characterize thermodynamically the interactions between bNAb2F5 (in b

274 Thermodynamically, the two channel states have >300-fold

275 Quantum thermodynamically, these systems can act as catalytic co

276 reaction conditions and kinetically (KRs) or thermodynamically (TRs) controlled regioisomers were obt

277 asymmetry caused the terminal alpha-helix to thermodynamically uncouple from the rest of the protein

278 cellular glutamate, the EAATs also possess a thermodynamically uncoupled Cl(-) conductance.

279 EAATs also mediate a thermodynamically uncoupled substrate-gated anion conduc

280 rosine lowers the Cu potential to enable the thermodynamically unfavorable 1e(-) reduction of O2, and

281 MAP as a catalyst yield at -78 degrees C the thermodynamically unfavorable axial O-acylation product;

282 and potassium ion gradients to catalyze the thermodynamically unfavorable movement of synaptic serot

283 ) in the presence of ferrihydrite is largely thermodynamically unfavorable within the range of condit

284 s-trans butadienes is either kinetically or thermodynamically unfavorable, and the 1Z,4E,8E- and 1Z,

285 This step is expected to be thermodynamically unfavorable, and therefore, it is uncl

286 (nJ = 1) by a Ca(2+)-selective ionophore is thermodynamically unfavorable, thereby requiring a Li(+)

287 tions involving an increase in curvature are thermodynamically unfavorable.

288 inant attractive forces to trap molecules in thermodynamically unfavourable configurations.

289 SET-PT also proved to be thermodynamically unfavourable for all three molecules i

290 Another surprise is that NH3 becomes thermodynamically unstable above ~460 GPa.

291 g the initial Co2 (CO)6 (alkyne) complex are thermodynamically unstable and do not build up in apprec

292 ping and cooling to obtain a snapshot of the thermodynamically unstable glass colors.

293 affording nanoparticles with nontrivial and thermodynamically unstable structures.

294 of heats of formation, MAPbI3 is shown to be thermodynamically unstable with respect to decomposition

295 ult to synthesize in pure form because it is thermodynamically unstable with respect to disproportion

296 rgy can cause piezoelectric structures to be thermodynamically unstable.

297 ength of electronic coupling along the wire: thermodynamically uphill steps occur only between electr

298 vity and discuss approaches to quantify them thermodynamically using cooperativity factors.

299 d against 2 reveal that [Cu2O](2+) is likely thermodynamically viable in copper-dependent methane mon

300 les cause localisation of plectonemes within thermodynamically weaker AT-rich sequences, and can grea