ライフサイエンスコーパス: thiamin

1 ynthesis of vitamins B6 (pyridoxine) and B1 (thiamin).

2 (TPP) is a coenzyme derived from vitamin B1 (thiamin).

3 monstrated how TbpA binds all three forms of thiamin.

4 ates the precursor of the TPK reaction, free thiamin.

5 d in the synthesis of the thiazole moiety of thiamin.

6 r basis of specificity for the HMP moiety of thiamin.

7 n the biosynthesis of the thiazole moiety of thiamin.

8 estinal thiamin uptake was measured using [H]thiamin.

9 itive effect of LNSs for all vitamins except thiamin.

10 biosynthesis with riboswitches in the THI4 (Thiamin 4) and THIC (Thiamin C) genes, respectively, to

11 carrier) could provide sufficient intestinal thiamin absorption.

12 complex with 3-deazathiamin, a noncleavable thiamin analog and enzyme inhibitor (2.7 A; R, 0.233; Rf

13 atography analysis reveals that the level of thiamin and its derivatives in Ixodes scapularis ticks,

14 , 2 nutrients were selected as case studies: thiamin and phosphorus (DRIs were last set in 1998 and 1

15 Thiamin and thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) are well known f

16 Taken together, our studies suggest that thiamin and TPP function as important stress-response mo

17 inity, and oxidative treatments, accumulated thiamin and TPP.

18 and reveal an unanticipated intersection of thiamin and vitamin B12 biosynthesis.

19 n (FES) (d-glucose, d-ribose, l-cysteine and thiamin) and of sous-vide cooking or roasting on moistur

20 , ascorbic acid, biotin, folate, riboflavin, thiamin, and pyridoxine).

21 h it attenuated the associations of folacin, thiamin, and riboflavin intake with BP.

22 Thiamin application was also found to protect the reacti

23 This enzyme is able to use thiamin as a substrate and is active with amines such as

24 be significantly compromised if B vitamins (thiamin B(1), riboflavin B(2), pyridoxine B(6), biotin B

25 ThiY is also structurally homologous to thiamin binding protein (TbpA) and to thiaminase-I.

26 These structures define the mode of thiamin binding to this class of thiaminases and indicat

27 The gene for the thiamin-binding protein tbpA has been identified in both

28 icted masses of the four desired enzymes for thiamin biosynthesis (GoxB, ThiS, ThiG, and ThiF).

29 d for the identification of genes related to thiamin biosynthesis and degradation.

30 Here, we explored the regulation of thiamin biosynthesis and the consequences of thiamin pyr

31 supports a strong evolutionary link between thiamin biosynthesis and the ubiquitin conjugating syste

32 Bb lacks genes for thiamin biosynthesis and transport as well as known ThDP

33 ntification of all of the enzymes needed for thiamin biosynthesis by the major bacterial pathway.

34 , the results also indicate that the rate of thiamin biosynthesis directs the activity of thiamin-req

35 witch act simultaneously to tightly regulate thiamin biosynthesis in a circadian manner and consequen

36 Our results show that thiamin biosynthesis is largely regulated by the circadi

37 ase activity, and the role of this enzyme in thiamin biosynthesis remains unknown.

38 hiosugar moiety could resemble that found in thiamin biosynthesis.

39 nslated region of this gene controls overall thiamin biosynthesis.

40 enhanced expression of transcripts encoding thiamin biosynthetic enzymes.

41 t in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the thiamin biosynthetic gene THIC of all plant species exam

42 Hits from the selection included the known thiamin biosynthetic genes thiC, thiE, and dxs as well a

43 s have elucidated most of the details of the thiamin biosynthetic pathway in bacteria.

44 In contrast, details of the thiamin biosynthetic pathway in yeast are only just begi

45 ymethyl)-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate in the thiamin biosynthetic pathway of eukaryotes and is approx

46 methylpyrimidine (HMP) and recycled into the thiamin biosynthetic pathway.

47 sults suggest that by dispensing with use of thiamin, Borrelia, and perhaps other tick-transmitted ba

48 The configuration of the predecarboxylation thiamin-bound intermediate was clarified by the structur

49 ct, resembling the common predecarboxylation thiamin-bound intermediate, which exists in its 1',4'-im

50 st hydrolyze thiamin monophosphate (ThMP) to thiamin, but dedicated enzymes for this hydrolysis step

51 A structure suggests that the degradation of thiamin by TenA likely proceeds via the same addition-el

52 the circadian clock via the activity of the THIAMIN C SYNTHASE (THIC) promoter, while the riboswitch

53 boswitches in the THI4 (Thiamin 4) and THIC (Thiamin C) genes, respectively, to investigate this ques

54 Thiamin can also be transported into the cell and can be

55 failure, suggesting that the absence of the thiamin carrier could be overcome by diffusion-mediated

56 ts inclusion in our understanding of general thiamin catalysis is important.

57 C2 position in the first fundamental step of thiamin catalysis.

58 Under conditions of thiamin challenge, the apoptotic cell loss extended to e

59 ize proteins involved in the biosynthesis of thiamin, Coenzyme A, and the hydroxylation of proline re

60 other eukaryotic organisms and is central to thiamin cofactor activation.

61 s a hitherto unrecognized versatility of the thiamin cofactor.

62 THTR-2-deficient mice had reduced uptake of thiamin compared with those of wild-type littermate mice

63 diffusion-mediated transport at supranormal thiamin concentrations.

64 Because thiamin could protect the salicylic acid induction-defic

65 ds) enabled the observation of the substrate-thiamin covalent intermediate via the 1',4'-iminopyrimid

66 Thiamin deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with

67 s, but the mechanism by which sepsis induces thiamin deficiency is unknown.

68 ible to apoptosis triggered by intracellular thiamin deficiency than any other tissue type.

69 Bone marrows from thiamin-deficient Slc19a2(-/-) mice were abnormal, with

70 In addition, two thiamin degrading enzymes have been characterized, one o

71 A comparison of TbpA and thiaminase-I, a thiamin-degrading enzyme, revealed structural similarity

72 ide variation in the affinities of different thiamin-dependent enzymes for ThTDP and ThDP.

73 nonical 4'-aminopyrimidine tautomer of bound thiamin diphosphate (AP).

74 ecarboxylation intermediate, C2-alpha-lactyl-thiamin diphosphate (LThDP), which has subsequent decarb

75 2-(C2alpha-hydroxy)-gamma-carboxypropylidene thiamin diphosphate (ThDP) cation radical was detected b

76 Thiamin diphosphate (ThDP) dependent enzymes perform cru

77 previously recognized as involved in binding thiamin diphosphate (ThDP) in all ThDP-dependent enzymes

78 an transfer information to the active center thiamin diphosphate (ThDP) located at the interface of t

79 In the bifunctional coenzyme, thiamin diphosphate (ThDP), both aromatic rings particip

80 To synthesize the cofactor thiamin diphosphate (ThDP), plants must first hydrolyze

81 r-order transition upon substrate binding to thiamin diphosphate (ThDP), play a critical role in modu

82 Thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent decarboxylations ar

83 The thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzyme 1-deoxy-D-xy

84 determined, three-dimensional structure of a thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzyme containing a

85 eta-lactamase inhibitor, is catalyzed by the thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzyme N2-(2-carbox

86 yde lyase (BAL) from Pseudomonas putida is a thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzyme that catalyz

87 dehydrogenase (BCKD) metabolic machine is a thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzyme with a heter

88 is 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate synthase (HOAS), a thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzyme, produces 2-

89 that DXPS is unique among the superfamily of thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes in stabiliz

90 Two circular dichroism signals observed on thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes, a positive

91 It is widely accepted that, in thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes, much of th

92 boxylase (BFDC), which carries out a typical thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent nonoxidative decarb

93 with greater affinity than does the cofactor thiamin diphosphate (ThDP).

94 ed by E1b as well as the binding of cofactor thiamin diphosphate (ThDP).

95 C2-(2alpha-hydroxy)-gamma-carboxypropylidene thiamin diphosphate (the "ThDP-enamine"/C2alpha-carbanio

96 ge of ( R)-benzoin to benzaldehyde utilizing thiamin diphosphate and Mg (2+) as cofactors.

97 nt addition of substrate to the enzyme-bound thiamin diphosphate by reducing the free energy of activ

98 gest that the 4'-aminopyrimidine ring of the thiamin diphosphate coenzyme participates in catalysis,

99 beta domain some 20 A from the active center thiamin diphosphate cofactor, which is at the interface

100 G413 pathway to the 4'-amino nitrogen of the thiamin diphosphate cofactor.

101 for the internal thermodynamic equilibria on thiamin diphosphate enzymes for the various ionization a

102 forms of the 4'-aminopyrimidine ring on four thiamin diphosphate enzymes, all of which decarboxylate

103 This finding is likely a general feature of thiamin diphosphate enzymes.

104 nzymes is almost certainly applicable to all thiamin diphosphate enzymes: this tautomer is the intram

105 ompounds; thiamin, thiamin monophosphate and thiamin diphosphate in bovine milk.

106 ion resulting from the binding of MBP to the thiamin diphosphate in the active centers.

107 hiamin diphosphate closely resembles that of thiamin diphosphate itself.

108 dine and iminopyrimidine tautomeric forms of thiamin diphosphate on enzymes has enabled us to assign

109 o tautomer of the 4'-aminopyrimidine ring of thiamin diphosphate recently found to exist on the pathw

110 stent with its assignment to the 1',4'-imino thiamin diphosphate tautomer on the enzyme, chiral by vi

111 It requires thiamin diphosphate to bring about the decarboxylation o

112 Thiamin diphosphate, a key coenzyme in sugar metabolism,

113 on pathways, yet this has been possible with thiamin diphosphate, in some cases even in the absence o

114 Thiamin diphosphate, the vitamin B1 coenzyme, plays crit

115 Benzoylformate decarboxylase (BFDC) is a thiamin diphosphate- (ThDP-) dependent enzyme acting on

116 e analog that is capable of forming a stable thiamin diphosphate-bound covalent intermediate.

117 Direct spectroscopic observation of thiamin diphosphate-bound intermediates was achieved on

118 ead to kinetic resolution of the fate of key thiamin diphosphate-bound intermediates.

119 en the PDHc-E1 and PDHc-E2 subunits: (1) the thiamin diphosphate-bound substrate on PDHc-E1 and the l

120 The crystal structure of the recombinant thiamin diphosphate-dependent E1 component from the Esch

121 xylase from Pseudomonas putida (PpBFDC) is a thiamin diphosphate-dependent enzyme that carries out th

122 The hypothesis that thiamin diphosphate-dependent enzymes achieve a signific

123 on between subunits when the entire class of thiamin diphosphate-dependent enzymes is considered.

124 C) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) are both thiamin diphosphate-dependent enzymes.

125 d compared to the complex of the enzyme with thiamin diphosphate.

126 able thiazolium salt 5, a simple analogue of thiamin diphosphate.

127 ly and reduced binding affinity for cofactor thiamin diphosphate.

128 f enzymes that are dependent on the cofactor thiamin diphosphate.

129 e tautomer of the 4'-aminopyrimidine ring in thiamin diphosphate.

130 en the substrate pyruvate and the C2 atom of thiamin diphosphate.

131 nnecting the 4'-aminopyrimidine N1' atoms of thiamin diphosphates (ThDPs) in the two active centers o

132 the reduced-folate (encoded by SLC19A1) and thiamin (encoded by SLC19A2) transporters.

133 he keto tautomer is a general feature of all thiamin enzymes, as it could provide for stable storage

134 efficiently under the repressing effects of thiamin, especially in medium lacking pyridoxine and wit

135 measured content of all ingredients (except thiamin) exceeded labeled amounts (overages).

136 ld-type mice treated on that diet as well as thiamin-fed Slc19a2(-/-) mice.

137 BP, and dietary phosphorus, magnesium, iron, thiamin, folacin, and riboflavin were inversely associat

138 ber of the bacterially synthesized vitamins (thiamin, folate, biotin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid) h

139 markedly elevated in Slc19a2(-/-) mice on a thiamin-free diet, but were normal in wild-type mice tre

140 On a thiamin-free diet, Slc19a2(-/-) mice developed diabetes

141 nzymatic synthesis of the thiazole moiety of thiamin from glycine, cysteine, and deoxy-D-xylulose-5-p

142 ion, and the structure of TPK complexed with thiamin has been refined at 1.9 A resolution.

143 in vivo using BcmE, an enzyme that degrades thiamin, has no impact on Bb growth and survival during

144 will provide a tool for studying the role of thiamin homeostasis in diabetes mellitus more broadly.

145 nique biosynthesis of the thiazole moiety of thiamin in eukaryotes.

146 THTR-2 is required for normal uptake of thiamin in the intestine and can fulfill normal levels o

147 and examined the role of THTR-2 in uptake of thiamin in the intestine of mice.

148 Animals must have thiamin in their diet, whereas bacteria, fungi, and plan

149 However, intestinal uptake of thiamin in THTR-1-deficient mice was not significantly d

150 out and used to examine intestinal uptake of thiamin in vitro (isolated cells) and in vivo (intact in

151 We showed that eliminating thiamin in vitro and in vivo using BcmE, an enzyme that

152 -deficient1 mutant against oxidative stress, thiamin-induced oxidative protection is likely independe

153 Thiamin-induced tolerance to oxidative stress was accomp

154 s revealed that under conditions of standard thiamin intake, tissues affected in the syndrome (pancre

155 TPK subunits associate as a dimer, and thiamin is bound in the dimer interface.

156 anism by which exogenous and de novo derived thiamin is converted to the enzyme cofactor TPP.

157 ere, we report the unprecedented result that thiamin is dispensable for the growth of the Lyme diseas

158 Thiamin is synthesized by most prokaryotes and by eukary

159 amin-responsive megaloblastic anemia, plasma thiamin levels are within normal range, indicating that

160 ssociated with a decrease (P < .01) in blood thiamin levels in THTR-2-deficient mice.

161 s iron-sulfur (FeS) clusters, molybdopterin, thiamin, lipoic acid, biotin, and the thiolation of tRNA

162 nine enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of thiamin, menaquinone, molybdopterin, coenzyme F420, and

163 on on how modulation of riboswitches affects thiamin metabolism in vivo.

164 Our study reveals that regulation of thiamin metabolism is not the simple dogma of negative f

165 identified or characterized for its role in thiamin metabolism.

166 orimetric data confirmed that YkoF binds two thiamin molecules with varying affinities and a thiamine

167 oxylates are involved in the biosynthesis of thiamin, molybdopterin, thioquinolobactin, and cysteine.

168 hosphate (ThDP), plants must first hydrolyze thiamin monophosphate (ThMP) to thiamin, but dedicated e

169 talyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of thiamin monophosphate (TMP) to form thiamin pyrophosphat

170 nation vitamin B1 active compounds; thiamin, thiamin monophosphate and thiamin diphosphate in bovine

171 Thiamin monophosphate kinase (ThiL) catalyzes the ATP-de

172 similar dissociation constants for thiamin, thiamin monophosphate, and thiamin pyrophosphate.

173 d milk samples showed significant amounts of thiamin monophosphate, which can make up to 53.9% of the

174 al structure of TbpA from E. coli with bound thiamin monophosphate.

175 genous sources or through de novo synthesis, thiamin must be pyrophosphorylated for cofactor activati

176 F products could cover the nutrient gaps for thiamin, niacin, iron, and folate (range: 22-86% of the

177 um derivative, N1'-methyl-2-(1-hydroxybenzyl)thiamin (NMHBnT), which shows no deviations from the Bro

178 Genetic data suggested that this could be a thiamin or HMP-binding site.

179 ent enzymes(4), and we were unable to detect thiamin or its derivatives in Bb cells.

180 a comprehensive systematic review for either thiamin or phosphorus.

181 this feature represents a specific trait of thiamin oxidases.

182 te (P-trend = 0.007) and were borderline for thiamin (P-trend = 0.05).

183 ia coli tRNA requires the action of both the thiamin pathway enzyme ThiI and the cysteine desulfurase

184 phosphorus) to 0.39 mm Hg lower systolic BP (thiamin) per 1-SD difference in nutrient variable.

185 hosphate synthase catalyzes the formation of thiamin phosphate from 4-amino-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methy

186 sphate synthase, the purified protein has no thiamin phosphate synthase activity, and the role of thi

187 Thiamin phosphate synthase catalyzes the formation of th

188 tion 119, while the corresponding residue in thiamin phosphate synthase is glycine.

189 We prepared S130A thiamin phosphate synthase with the intent of characteri

190 enI shows significant structural homology to thiamin phosphate synthase, it has no known enzymatic fu

191 ile TenI shows high sequence similarity with thiamin phosphate synthase, the purified protein has no

192 ructure suggests that TenI is unable to bind thiamin phosphate, largely resulting from the presence o

193 branches of the pathway and coupled to form thiamin phosphate.

194 mfB also converts thiamin pyrophosphate into thiamin phosphate.

195 Many features of the thiamin pyrimidine binding site are shared between ThiY

196 In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , thiamin pyrimidine is formed from histidine and pyridoxa

197 Comparative genomics of the bacterial thiamin pyrimidine synthase (thiC) revealed a paralogue

198 Here we show that ThiC, the thiamin pyrimidine synthase in plants and bacteria, cont

199 The PFOR reaction includes a hydroxyethyl-thiamin pyrophosphate (HE-TPP) radical intermediate, whi

200 Thiamin pyrophosphate (ThDP), the active form of thiamin

201 Thiamin and thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) are well known for their imp

202 Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) is a coenzyme derived from v

203 Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) is an essential enzyme cofac

204 Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) riboswitches are found in or

205 ation of thiamin monophosphate (TMP) to form thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP), the active form of vitamin

206 is responsive to the vitamin B(1) derivative thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP).

207 r the biosynthesis of the thiazole moiety of thiamin pyrophosphate and describe the structure of the

208 Similarity of thiamin pyrophosphate binding in human pyruvate dehydrog

209 he proteins required for the biosynthesis of thiamin pyrophosphate have been known for more than a de

210 ynthesis of the thiazole phosphate moiety of thiamin pyrophosphate in Bacillus subtilis is proposed.

211 YmfB also converts thiamin pyrophosphate into thiamin phosphate.

212 Thiamin pyrophosphate is a required cofactor in all orga

213 thiamin biosynthesis and the consequences of thiamin pyrophosphate riboswitch deficiency on metabolis

214 brane thiamin transporters and mitochondrial thiamin pyrophosphate transporter expression levels were

215 -1, thiamin transporter-2, and mitochondrial thiamin pyrophosphate transporter proteins and messenger

216 essed thiamin transporters and mitochondrial thiamin pyrophosphate transporter, leading to adenosine

217 nd thiamin transporter-2), and mitochondrial thiamin pyrophosphate transporter.

218 The derivative of vitamin B1, thiamin pyrophosphate, is a cofactor of enzymes performi

219 A final phosphorylation gives thiamin pyrophosphate, the active form of the cofactor.

220 the thiamine uptake and/or inhibition of the thiamin pyrophosphate-dependent enzymes using thiamine a

221 motion of domains is common to the family of thiamin pyrophosphate-dependent enzymes.

222 In the case of the thiamin pyrophosphate-dependent thiM riboswitch, we find

223 contrast to other riboswitches, such as the thiamin pyrophosphate-sensing thiM riboswitch, which tri

224 ants for thiamin, thiamin monophosphate, and thiamin pyrophosphate.

225 yzes the formation of the thiazole moiety of thiamin pyrophosphate.

226 ascade for generating the essential cofactor thiamin pyrophosphate.

227 d in the formation of the thiazole moiety of thiamin pyrophosphate.

228 important mechanism for this control is via thiamin-pyrophosphate (TPP) riboswitches, regions of the

229 at in Arabidopsis, the THIC promoter and the thiamin-pyrophosphate riboswitch act simultaneously to t

230 The enzyme thiamin pyrophosphokinase (TPK) catalyzes the conversion

231 important finding of the studies is that all thiamin-related intermediates are in a chiral environmen

232 diabetes mellitus resolved after 6 weeks of thiamin repletion.

233 different organisms, in all cases exogenous thiamin represses expression of one or more of the biosy

234 utant of At5g32470 accumulated ThMP, and the thiamin requirement of the th2-1 mutant was complemented

235 The biosynthesis of thiamin requires the independently synthesized 4-amino-5

236 thiamin biosynthesis directs the activity of thiamin-requiring enzymes and consecutively determines t

237 The classical thiamin-requiring th2-1 mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana

238 crease ThMP levels 5-fold, implying that the THIAMIN REQUIRING2 (TH2) gene product could be a dedicat

239 A mouse model of thiamin-responsive megaloblastic anemia (diabetes mellit

240 Thiamin-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome (TRMA)

241 Mutations in THTR-1 cause thiamin-responsive megaloblastic anemia, a tissue-specif

242 However, in patients with thiamin-responsive megaloblastic anemia, plasma thiamin

243 mented E1 activity is responsible for robust thiamin responsiveness in homozygous patients carrying t

244 progression to GA with increasing intake of thiamin, riboflavin, and folate after adjusting for age,

245 ve the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, vitamin B-12, calci

246 18% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and vitamin B-1

247 t the At5g32470 TenA domain has the expected thiamin salvage activity.

248 5-(aminomethyl)-2-methylpyrimidine (FAMP), a thiamin salvage pathway intermediate, into cells.

249 ogenase) family phosphatase fused to a TenA (thiamin salvage) family protein.

250 Y shares only 16% sequence identity with the thiamin-specific S component ThiT from the same organism

251 e determination vitamin B1 active compounds; thiamin, thiamin monophosphate and thiamin diphosphate i

252 ts showed similar dissociation constants for thiamin, thiamin monophosphate, and thiamin pyrophosphat

253 Thiamin thiazole biosynthesis in eukaryotes is still not

254 nI is found clustered with genes involved in thiamin thiazole biosynthesis.

255 reaction involved in the biosynthesis of the thiamin thiazole has been greatly simplified by replacin

256 nistic insights into the biosynthesis of the thiamin thiazole in eukaryotes.

257 describe an optimized reconstitution of the thiamin thiazole synthase (ThiG) catalyzed reaction and

258 fur incorporation in the biosynthesis of the thiamin thiazole.

259 ynthase and identifies the final step of the thiamin-thiazole biosynthesis.

260 Thiamin thiazolone diphosphate (ThTDP), a potent inhibit

261 elimination of the thiazole ring moiety from thiamin through substitution of the methylene group with

262 g proteins deliver ions or molecules such as thiamin to the membrane-bound ABC transporter.

263 inase (TPK) catalyzes the conversion of free thiamin to TPP in plants and other eukaryotic organisms

264 ighlight an unexpected and critical role for thiamin transport and metabolism in spermatogenesis.

265 ) mice lacked the high-affinity component of thiamin transport.

266 ale germ cells, particularly those with high thiamin transporter expression beyond the blood-testis b

267 Mutations in the thiamin transporter gene SLC19A2 cause TRMA.

268 ific effects of absence of the high-affinity thiamin transporter, Tht1.

269 ivity of the corresponding transfected human thiamin transporter-1 (SLC19A2) and -2 (SLC19A3) promote

270 vitamin; in vitro studies suggest that both thiamin transporter-1 (THTR-1) and -2 (THTR-2) are invol

271 transgenic mice carrying promoters for human thiamin transporter-1 and -2 (hTHTR-1 and hTHTR-2), we a

272 evel of expressions of thiamin transporters (thiamin transporter-1 and thiamin transporter-2), and mi

273 Expressions of thiamin transporter-1, thiamin transporter-2, and mitoch

274 amin transporters (thiamin transporter-1 and thiamin transporter-2), and mitochondrial thiamin pyroph

275 Expressions of thiamin transporter-1, thiamin transporter-2, and mitochondrial thiamin pyropho

276 inal thiamin uptake, level of expressions of thiamin transporters (thiamin transporter-1 and thiamin

277 Both cell membrane thiamin transporters and mitochondrial thiamin pyrophosp

278 as a function of sepsis severity, suppressed thiamin transporters and mitochondrial thiamin pyrophosp

279 pe and transgenic mice by demonstrating that thiamin uptake and mRNA levels of the mouse THTR-1 and T

280 sepsis inhibited carrier-mediated intestinal thiamin uptake as a function of sepsis severity, suppres

281 We also examined intestinal thiamin uptake in THTR-1-deficient mice.

282 cells is associated with an up-regulation in thiamin uptake process and that this up-regulation appea

283 ation-dependent regulation of the intestinal thiamin uptake process and the cellular and molecular me

284 Intestinal thiamin uptake process is vital for maintaining normal b

285 induced sepsis, carrier-mediated intestinal thiamin uptake was measured using [H]thiamin.

286 Sepsis inhibited [H]thiamin uptake, and the inhibition was a function of sep

287 ity of sepsis on carrier-mediated intestinal thiamin uptake, level of expressions of thiamin transpor

288 ignificant up-regulation in carrier-mediated thiamin uptake.

289 sis, and is also used in the biosynthesis of thiamin (vitamin B1) and pyridoxal (vitamin B6).

290 Thiamin (vitamin B1) is an essential micronutrient neede

291 min pyrophosphate (ThDP), the active form of thiamin (vitamin B1), is believed to be an essential cof

292 uxotrophic for vitamins niacin (vitamin B3), thiamin (vitamin B1), or folate (vitamin B9).

293 hic for the vitamins niacin (vitamin B3) and thiamin (vitamin B1), whereas strain-specific auxotrophi

294 In contrast, thiamin, vitamin B-6, calcium, iron, and zinc had linear

295 Injection of high-dose thiamin was effective in reversing the spermatogenic fai

296 Thiamin was not influenced by the study interventions.

297 Using the evidence scan for thiamin, we identified 70 potentially relevant abstracts

298 All B vitamins were low in milk, and all but thiamin were increased by maternal supplementation with

299 d milk concentrations of all vitamins except thiamin, whereas antiretrovirals lowered concentrations

300 When supplemented with exogenous thiamin, wild-type plants displayed enhanced tolerance t