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   1 -rich fractions following stimulation of the thrombin receptor.                                      
     2  cells correlates with overexpression of the thrombin receptor.                                      
     3 sm that required proteolytic cleavage of the thrombin receptor.                                      
     4        These include Mas, G2A, and the PAR-1 thrombin receptor.                                      
     5 c brain damage, perhaps by activation of the thrombin receptor.                                      
     6  a type of activation different from that of thrombin receptor.                                      
     7 ith a lyophilized peptide that activates the thrombin receptor.                                      
     8 tinct chromosomal locations and encode a new thrombin receptor.                                      
     9 ma-1, a second messenger associated with the thrombin receptor.                                      
    10 implicating a functional role of the classic thrombin receptor.                                      
    11 ood candidate for the missing mouse platelet thrombin receptor.                                      
    12 ed cell death occurred via activation of the thrombin receptor.                                      
    13 isite for the formation of the high-affinity thrombin receptor.                                      
    14 ndidate for the sought-after second platelet thrombin receptor.                                      
    15 l neurons respond to thrombin via a neuronal thrombin receptor.                                      
    16 nesis and gene expression by the G12 coupled thrombin receptor.                                      
    17 ting that this regulation is mediated by the thrombin receptor.                                      
    18 clic analogs with excellent affinity for the thrombin receptor.                                      
    19 ling without altering the signaling of PAR-1 thrombin receptors.                                     
    20              Three of the family members are thrombin receptors.                                     
    21 t they activate a receptor distinct from the thrombin receptors.                                     
    22 ctivation of the classical G-protein-coupled thrombin receptors.                                     
    23  and for tissue-specific roles for different thrombin receptors.                                     
    24 hosphatidic acid and beta-adrenergic but not thrombin receptors.                                     
    25  talin and protease-activated receptor (PAR) thrombin receptors.                                     
    26 c (ATP), bradykinin, and protease-activated (thrombin) receptors.                                    
  
    28 has the potential to activate both PAR-2 and thrombin receptors; 2) for PAR-2, this potential is real
    29 ults were found with the nonspecific agonist thrombin receptor-activated peptide (relative increases 
    30 low and high adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP) concentratio
    31 endent morphologic changes when activated by thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP) or when spre
    32 were observed after platelet activation with thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP), collagen, a
    33 ustment for platelet count, higher levels of thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP)-stimulated p
    34 n between unactivated neutrophils and either thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP)-stimulated p
  
  
    37 ide that imitates the fully active receptor, thrombin receptor activating peptide, was also found to 
    38 ed neuronal cultures exposed to thrombin and thrombin receptor activating peptides revealed rapid act
  
    40 rachidonic acid, ADP, collagen, epinephrine, Thrombin receptor activating-peptide, U46619, and ristoc
    41  mobility shift assay, thrombin (10 U/ml) or thrombin receptor-activating peptide (100 microM) stimul
    42   Treatment of the cultures with a synthetic thrombin receptor-activating peptide (SFLLRNP) mimicked 
  
    44 rmation in human whole blood stimulated with thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP) using ex viv
    45 (ChA)(hR)Y-NH2 ([3H]haTRAP), a high affinity thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP), and human p
  
    47 Platelet stimulation using either ADP or the thrombin receptor-activating peptide enhanced the access
    48 U2-OS osteosarcoma cells with thrombin and a thrombin receptor-activating peptide induced pro-MMP-9 s
    49 on of agonists including epinephrine and the thrombin receptor-activating peptide induced the alphaII
  
    51 because addition of calcium, fibrinogen, and thrombin receptor-activating peptide led to aggregation.
    52 r ligands acetylcholine, serotonin, ATP, and thrombin receptor-activating peptide were similarly unaf
    53 TR42-55, SFLLRNPNDKYEPF, also known as TRAP (thrombin receptor-activating peptide)], previously have 
    54 let aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, or thrombin receptor-activating peptide, suggesting that su
    55 d a collagen-related peptide-induced but not thrombin receptor-activating peptide- or ADP-induced agg
  
    57 tathione have additive inhibitory effects on thrombin receptor-activating peptide-induced platelet ag
  
  
  
  
  
    63 G(i) signaling pathways and (2) thrombin and thrombin receptor-activating peptides cause platelet agg
    64 let aggregation induced by a TXA2 analog and thrombin receptor-activating peptides that were rescued 
    65 n-ADP-induced (arachidonic acid-, collagen-, thrombin receptor-activating, peptide-induced) platelet 
  
  
  
    69  increase in clusterin mRNA, suggesting that thrombin receptor activation may regulate renal clusteri
  
    71 but not FVIIIa binding; (b) thrombin and the thrombin receptor activation peptide (SFLLRN amide) are 
    72 n Willebrand factor release by HUVEC but not thrombin receptor activation peptide (SFLLRN-amide)-stim
    73 , 8-Br-cGMP activation suppressed [Ca2+]i by thrombin receptor activation peptide (TRAP) by 98 +/- 1 
  
    75 ll as its PAR-1 receptor activation peptide [thrombin receptor activation peptide (TRAP)] as well as 
    76 n the presence of platelets activated by the thrombin receptor activation peptide but not with activa
  
  
  
  
  
    82 sine diphosphate (ADP), convulxin (CVX), and thrombin receptor activator peptide in only 150 muL of u
    83 harvested from healthy volunteers induced by thrombin receptor activator peptide-6 amide (2 microM) i
    84 e diphosphate-induced, and 15- and 25-microM thrombin receptor activator peptide-induced aggregation;
    85 bleeding time, an increase in platelet PAR-1 thrombin receptor activity, and a decrease in the bindin
  
    87 se to low concentrations of collagen or PAR4 thrombin receptor agonist AYPGKF, and reduced fibrinogen
    88 ess of platelets to adenosine diphosphate or thrombin receptor agonist peptide (P >.4 in all cases); 
  
    90 phologically, responded both to thrombin and thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP 42-55) with elev
    91 .5 +/- 3.8, p < 0.05) or 5 micromol/liter of thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP) (65.7 +/- 6.8 v
    92 ation epitopes induced by ADP, collagen, and thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP) and to template
    93 esponse to thrombin could be mimicked by the thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP), implicating a 
    94  concentration-dependent increase in ADP and thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP)-induced activat
  
    96  activity is duplicated by the 14-amino acid thrombin receptor agonist peptide that directly activate
    97    The aggregation response was greater with thrombin receptor agonist peptide versus ADP stimulation
  
    99    alphaIIbbeta3 activation by ADP or a Par4 thrombin receptor agonist was also decreased in ADAP-/- 
  
  
   102 cretion in response to low concentrations of thrombin receptor agonists and thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2))
   103 ynthetic peptides that directly activate the thrombin receptor also induced apoptosis, indicating tha
  
   105 transfer between the protease-activated PAR1 thrombin receptor and membrane-associated heterotrimeric
   106 e same cell and to compare the mechanisms of thrombin receptor and PAR-2 clearance and replacement in
   107 ng compensatory up-regulation of alternative thrombin receptors and indicating that thrombin-PAR1 sig
   108 and G(16)alphaX all inhibited the endogenous thrombin receptors and lysophosphatidic acid receptors i
   109  results suggest that the expression of both thrombin receptors and PAR-2 on endothelial cells serves
   110 idual response to SFLLRN after activation of thrombin receptors and PAR-2 raises the possibility that
  
   112  ischemic tolerance is through activation of thrombin receptors and the p44/42 MAPK/p70S6K pathway.  
   113 (OGD), and whether the protection is through thrombin receptors and the p44/42 mitogen activated prot
  
  
   116 g our earlier efforts in the himbacine-based thrombin receptor antagonist area, we have synthesized a
   117 studied 12 635 patients with NSTE ACS in the Thrombin Receptor Antagonist for Clinical Event Reductio
   118 New Jersey) versus placebo among the TRACER (Thrombin Receptor Antagonist for Clinical Event Reductio
   119 let Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO), Thrombin Receptor Antagonist for Clinical Event Reductio
  
   121 5 years (median) in TRA 2 degrees P-TIMI 50 [Thrombin Receptor Antagonist in Secondary Prevention of 
  
  
   124 is effect in a subgroup of patients from the Thrombin Receptor Antagonist in Secondary Prevention of 
   125 s a reversible protease-activated receptor-1 thrombin receptor antagonist that interferes with platel
  
   127 otease activated receptor-1, the presumptive thrombin receptor, appeared to mediate ischemic neurovas
   128 e proteins (e.g., thrombomodulin, functional thrombin receptor) are distributed about evenly between 
   129 opin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor and the thrombin receptor as a model, we present a ligand-depend
  
  
  
   133 ide, (iso-S)FLLRN, that activates a platelet thrombin receptor but resists inactivation by plasma ami
   134 o platelets or CHRF-288 cells, which express thrombin receptors but not PAR-2, tryptase caused neithe
   135 n the presence of hirudin (an antagonist for thrombin receptors) but persisted in the presence of amp
   136 lore a desensitization mechanism of the PAR1 thrombin receptor by anticoagulant proteases and provide
   137 , in COS-7 cells, a chimeric D2R bearing the thrombin receptor C2 loop gained the ability to trigger 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   146 ng properties of chimeric receptors in which thrombin receptor cytoplasmic sequences replaced the cog
   147 omplexes within the regulatory region of the thrombin receptor demonstrates that AP-2 binds the proxi
  
   149  cloning and characterization of a new human thrombin receptor, designated protease-activated recepto
   150  and establish Rho as a critical mediator of thrombin receptor effects on DNA synthesis and cell migr
  
   152  we conclude that 1) PAR1 is the predominant thrombin receptor expressed in HUVEC and cleavage of PAR
  
   154 n hypersensitivity was not due to changes in thrombin receptor expression (GPIbalpha or PAR1) but is 
  
  
   157 ward identifying the domains responsible for thrombin receptor-G protein interactions, we examined th
  
  
   160 tion of the heterotrimeric G protein-coupled thrombin receptor in 1321N1 cells activates Rho-dependen
  
  
   163 1 (PAR-1) has been proposed as the principal thrombin receptor in humans, although its actions in viv
  
  
   166 or provided definitive evidence for a second thrombin receptor in mouse platelets and for tissue-spec
  
   168  the nervous system that is identical to the thrombin receptor in platelets, fibroblasts, and endothe
   169 activated receptor-1 (PAR1) is the principal thrombin receptor in the vasculature, and antagonists ag
   170 ontrast, although tryptase clearly activates thrombin receptors in COS-1 cells, it does not appear to
  
  
   173 ent studies we have examined the location of thrombin receptors in resting platelets and followed the
  
  
   176  contrast to previous reports, e.g., for the thrombin receptor, inhibition of matrix metalloproteases
   177 ternalization and in part to the shedding of thrombin receptors into membrane microparticles, especia
  
   179  fibroblasts, Erk 1/2 activation via LPA and thrombin receptors is completely insensitive to both age
   180 gh PAR-3 is postulated to represent a second thrombin receptor, its modest endothelial cell and plate
   181 ide (CpG) site within coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 3 (F2RL3) was recently found to 
   182  of cg03636183 in the coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 3 gene (F2RL3) (M = -0.64, 95% c
   183 gest that thrombin and/or podocyte-expressed thrombin receptors may be novel therapeutic targets for 
   184 EK-293 human embryonic kidney cells, LPA and thrombin receptor-mediated Erk 1/2 activation is partial
  
  
   187  G protein activation strategies used by the thrombin receptor must be very similar to those used by 
   188  activation of protease-activated receptor 4 thrombin receptors noted in black subjects compared with
  
  
   191 al studies revealed specific staining of the thrombin receptor on neurons, with intense labeling alon
  
   193  suggest that formation of the high-affinity thrombin receptor on the platelet surface has complex al
   194 especially thrombin signaling, including the thrombin receptors on platelets F2R (coagulation factor 
  
   196 whether these responses could be mediated by thrombin receptors or PAR-2, two G-protein-coupled recep
  
   198 lial cells, which normally express PAR-2 and thrombin receptors, or keratinocytes, which express only
  
   200 a-adrenergic receptor), as well as the human thrombin receptor (PAR-1) and the C-C chemokine receptor
   201 scovery of an exceptionally potent series of thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonists based on the natur
   202 eptors (such as muscarinic receptor, m1, and thrombin receptor, PAR-1) and constitutively active Galp
  
   204 ently reported upregulation of an additional thrombin receptor, PAR-4, in human vascular smooth muscl
  
   206 f a cell line, B16F10, devoid of the 3 other thrombin receptors, PAR-3, PAR-4, and GPIb; and (2) grea
   207  of thrombin-bound fibrinogen Aalpha (7-16), thrombin receptor PAR1 (38-60), and factor XIII (28-37).
  
  
  
  
   212 r development and that PAR2, rather than the thrombin receptor PAR1, plays a crucial role in the angi
  
   214 lar domain of the seven transmembrane domain thrombin receptor (PAR1) was determined using site-direc
   215 ein coupled receptors (GPCRs), including the thrombin receptor (PAR1), elicits mitogenic responses.  
  
  
  
   219 tudying differences between the two platelet thrombin receptors, PAR1 and PAR4, in mediating thrombin
   220 ors on platelets F2R (coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor; PAR1) and GP5 (glycoprotein 5), as w
  
  
   223 ) on platelets activated with ADP, thrombin, thrombin receptor peptide (SFLLRN amide), or collagen at
  
  
  
   227  platelets (3.5 x 10(8)/mL) activated by the thrombin receptor peptide, SFLLRN (25 microM), were incu
   228 inus of the cleaved receptor; however, these thrombin receptor peptides (TRPs) fail to induce sustain
  
   230 ese studies illustrate that specific LPA and thrombin receptors promote inositol lipid signaling via 
  
   232 r (TF)-dependent thrombin generation and the thrombin receptor protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) 
   233 have defined a new signaling pathway for the thrombin receptor protease activated receptor-1 (PAR1) i
  
   235 e through a mechanism dependent on the major thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor (PAR) 1.  
   236 rn diet-induced NAFLD, we tested whether the thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) 
  
   238  that PKGI-alpha attenuates signaling by the thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) 
  
  
   241 nists), anti-von Willebrand factor aptamers, thrombin receptor (protease-activated receptor-1) antago
   242    Increasing evidence demonstrates that the thrombin receptor (protease-activated receptor-1, PAR-1)
   243  activation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) and a thrombin receptor (protease-activated receptor-1, PAR-1)
   244 sis and thrombosis, we examined the roles of thrombin receptors (protease-activated receptors, PARs) 
  
  
   247 ease in vascular permeability induced by the thrombin receptor, protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1).
   248 thality, Tfpi(+/-) mice lacking the platelet thrombin receptor, protease activated receptor 4 (PAR4; 
  
  
   251      Recent studies of mice deficient in the thrombin receptor, protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1),
   252 ects via proteolytic activation of the major thrombin receptor, protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1)
  
   254    We previously identified the prototypical thrombin receptor, protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1),
  
  
  
   258 he potential role of the major high-affinity thrombin receptor, proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR-
  
   260  against the N-terminal peptide of the human thrombin receptor, putative receptor proteins of 66 and 
  
  
   263 amilies of heterotrimeric G proteins, m1 and thrombin receptors, respectively, but not those coupled 
   264 tion of chimeras between CCR2A and the human thrombin receptor revealed that the cytoplasmic retentio
   265 hose used by the D2R and beta2AR despite the thrombin receptor's strikingly different liganding mecha
   266 opus oocytes, a chimeric beta2AR bearing the thrombin receptor second cytoplasmic (C2) loop gained th
  
  
  
   270 of resting platelets, but we confirm that in thrombin receptor-stimulated platelets enhanced levels o
   271 cate that SFK phosphorylation in response to thrombin receptor stimulation is downstream from G(q)/Ca
   272 specific RGS-rhoGEF expression, we show that thrombin receptor stimulation of rho is primarily mediat
   273 arlier role in platelet activation following thrombin receptor stimulation than had been previously d
   274  cytosolic leukotrieneC4 produced downstream thrombin receptor stimulation through the catalytic acti
  
  
  
  
  
   280 tes protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), a thrombin receptor that is highly expressed in endothelia
   281  human beings because human platelets have 2 thrombin receptors that are each capable of mediating tr
   282 re activated by ADP or a thromboxane analog, thrombin receptors that were initially in the surface co
  
   284 ange factors in transducing signals from the thrombin receptor to Rho-dependent cytoskeletal response
  
   286 ar response to hypertension, we have studied thrombin receptor (TR) expression and regulation in hype
  
   288 f the proteolyzed seven-transmembrane domain thrombin receptor [TR42-55, SFLLRNPNDKYEPF, also known a
   289 ugh the protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) thrombin receptor (TRAP-stimulated P-selectin, activated
   290 ies have shown that the biology of the human thrombin receptor varies according to the cell in which 
   291 by endogenous lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) or thrombin receptors was markedly enhanced by the expressi
   292 ic or nonproteolytic activation, PAR-2, like thrombin receptors, was cleared from the endothelial cel
   293  corresponding to the tethered ligand of the thrombin receptor were also able to increase clusterin m
   294 and calcium mobilization induced by the PAR4 thrombin receptor were significantly greater in black su
   295 espective receptors, as well as endoglin and thrombin receptors, were present in all JRA tissue speci
   296 of other platelet receptors such as the PAR4 thrombin receptor, which lacks a functional Hir sequence
   297  AP-2 results in increased expression of the thrombin receptor, which subsequently contributes to the
   298 te that rat primary hippocampal neurons have thrombin receptors whose responses to thrombin apparentl
  
   300 activated receptor (PAR)-4 is a low affinity thrombin receptor with slow activation and desensitizati
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