ライフサイエンスコーパス: tip

1 ansjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).

2 pends on the handedness of the light and the tip.

3 tants to enter the interior of the tonometer tip.

4 nd the region of the atomic force microscope tip.

5 from a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) tip.

6 nt and is highly expressed at the organizing tip.

7 nium than expected for a 30 nm diameter disc tip.

8 ective molecular sites controlled by the STM tip.

9 re as they curl outward from a disassembling tip.

10 esis and work of adhesion compared to a bare tip.

11 Arl3 reduced the level of Kif7 at the cilia tip.

12 ssed to obtain tracking images of the needle tip.

13 tening of the nose and upturning of the nose tip.

14 giva, widely spaced teeth, and a broad nasal tip.

15 utes to a traction peak near the FA's distal tip.

16 e used to drive charged molecules out of the tip.

17 enewal and differentiation capacity of human tips.

18 mechanotransduction complexes at stereocilia tips.

19 an actin cable running along the neural fold tips.

20 r-like structures, novel configurations for +TIPS.

21 on of the size and geometry of nanoelectrode tips.

22 immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) as tips.

23 calizes within stereocilia, near stereocilia tips.

24 git rays by incorporating new cells at their tips.

25 a thymus-equivalent region at the gill fold tips.

26 play an important role in stabilizing cilia tips.

27 reventing KIF21B detachment from microtubule tips.

28 y emitter tips but are resolved with 0.5 mum tips.

29 the diuranium mu-phosphido complex [{U(Tren(TIPS) )}2 (mu-P)][K(B15C5)2 ] (4).

30 anium parent phosphinidiide complex [{U(Tren(TIPS) )}2 (mu-PH)] (3).

31 )-10(6) V m(-2)) at the conductive nanoscale tip (4) .

32 scattering by mechanisms that are thought to tip a local balance of competing physical forces; cell-t

33 inite element simulation of sphere-cap ITIES tips accounts for the high current responses and also re

34 ma membrane and the cell wall of the growing tip acts as a piconewton force transducer that couples t

35 Studying the pilus tip adhesin Spy0125 of Streptococcus pyogenes, we develo

36 onversely, appropriately positioning the STM tip allows selecting the operating point on the compensa

37 sulting molecular traffic jams at filopodial tips amplify fluorescence intensities and allow PPIs to

38 her than the weakly hydrophilic WS2 when the tip amplitude was low or at a high set point (high force

39 an exact amount of sample and from that same tip an electrospray can be directed into a mass spectrom

40 l arginine residues are also enriched at the tip and base of flagella, and their localization also ch

41 e the localization of GFP-Kif17 to the cilia tip and competitive binding of RP2 and Arl3 with Kif17 c

42 , kinesin-II detaches from IFT trains at the tip and diffuses in flagella.

43 rol the number of cells captured at each BPE tip and enhance trapping.

44 were polarized with PSGL-1 at the nucleopod tip and F-actin distributed diffusely at the opposite en

45 (*-) depends on the distance (d) between the tip and substrate.

46 ndependently regulate the dynamics of the MT tip and the stability of the lattice.

47 from many bacteria in growing from the cell tip and undergoing branching, similar to filamentous fun

48 tection is unrelated to the radius of an AFM tip and, in fact, a matter of the switched area.

49 omated platform based on streptavidin coated tips and a biotinylated mouse anti-hIgG capture antibody

50 light how disinfectants can damage tonometer tips and cause subsequent patient harm.

51 s at visible wavelengths are obtained in the tips and contours of the metamaterials made of the quasi

52 erated by the plasmon coupling between sharp tips and cores of two Au nanostars in the wide conjuncti

53 tion (median delay between administration of TIPS and first episode of dysfunction, 10.8 months).

54 results, as well as provide troubleshooting tips and identification of factors that contribute to ex

55 measured variation in two traits, leaf drip tips and leaf water repellency, in a series of nine trop

56 n, melanin and chitin accumulation in hyphal tips and lesion expansion on wounded hosts, but signific

57 he trafficking of specific kinesins to cilia tips and provide additional evidence that TRIDs could be

58 elopment of a proper complement of dendritic tips and transduction proteins in rod bipolar cells.

59 fibers and small distance between the fiber tips and trapped particle.

60 we performed an RNA-seq screen, identifying tip- and stalk-enriched gene sets in the developing coll

61 ometres that would be somehow limited by the tip apex, a statement well accepted for the past 2 decad

62 calculate the tip-substrate distance as the tip approaches the surface with precision better than 25

63 sitioned scanning electrochemical microscopy tip are evaluated.

64 ing as a "protocol for getting a job," these tips are aimed at providing information that will make e

65 Here, using the regenerating mouse digit tip as a mammalian model, we demonstrate that macrophage

66 ishment of an auxin gradient across the root tip as quantified with DII-VENUS and is synergistically

67 orogenic reaction at the nanoscale electrode tip as well as fluorescent nanoparticles at the substrat

68 idase (GUS) was detected in Arabidopsis root tips as early as 6 h post infection, indicating that ET

69 er stereocilium, concentrated at stereocilia tips as hair cell development progressed, similar to the

70 nction with a scanning tunnelling microscope tip-assist, a hidden equilibrium phase in a hole-doped b

71 of the root, triggering bending of the root tip at the elongation zone.

72 terminal end buds (TEBs) that form at ductal tips at the onset of puberty.

73 Using conducting tip atomic force microscopy, the energies of {Co9(P2W15)

74 depolymerization and transient formation of +TIPs bars.

75 tend the advice given by these scholars with tips based on what we know from the science of science c

76 onventionally sized nanoelectrospray emitter tips but are resolved with 0.5 mum tips.

77 creased plant root productivity and ECM root tips but decreased hyphal length, whereas interspecific

78 eries of parallel veins running from base to tip, but the distance between each pair of veins, and th

79 l transport is linked to growing microtubule tips, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknow

80 in iron-based superconductors (FeSCs) can be tipped by additional interfacial interactions in a heter

81 stelium stalk always forms at the organizing tip, by a mechanism that is not understood.

82 Moreover, the STM tip can be used to manipulate the tunneling dynamics thr

83 demonstrate that a scanning probe microscope tip can be used to manipulate vacancies by the flexoelec

84 demonstrate that optical fibers with tapered tips can be used to illuminate either spatially restrict

85 (triisopropylsilyl)ethynylmagnesium bromide (TIPS-CC-MgBr) leads to a distribution of mono-, bis-, an

86 etaR signaling cascade in the gonadal distal tip cell (DTC), the germline stem cell niche, where it n

87 etailed analysis of pea (Pisum sativum) root tip cell walls.

88 ed due to cell elastic distortion, offset by tip-cell adhesion, and indeed such a model fits the bare

89 esion, and indeed such a model fits the bare-tip/cell interaction, in agreement with earlier work.

90 synthesize protective acylated sugars in the tip cells of glandular trichomes on stems and leaves.

91 Hyphal tip cells of the fungus Aspergillus nidulans are useful

92 The tip complex represents a promising therapeutic target fo

93 )(+) transcript populations of seedling root tips confirmed the capture of pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRN

94 ansjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) correlates with the absence of further bleeding or

95 The tonometer tip cracks can irritate the cornea, harbor microbes, or

96 Using phylogenetic 'tip-dating' analysis with fossils, we show that a whirli

97 teraction between an atomic force microscopy tip decorated with recombinant alphaIIbbeta3 integrins a

98 Results Pre-TIPS demographics and clinical characteristics of the tw

99 me was the correct placement of the catheter tip determined by postprocedural chest radiography.

100 producibly yield not only an extremely small tip diameter of approximately 30 nm, but also a substant

101 forces arising as an Atomic Force Microscope tip (diameter 20 nm) - simulating a nano-object - approa

102 e quantum-dot-coated nanopipette electrodes (tip diameters approximately 15-30 nm) to establish the f

103 was bounded by a maximum diameter, and root tips did not become more acute in response to increased

104 und that the proportion of species with drip tips did not increase with increasing precipitation.

105 rizontal sample position and continuous root tip displacement present significant difficulties.

106 s of 0.15% for 0.1 Hz excitation frequency, tip displacements greater than nanotube-Nafion and graph

107 ts (42%) experienced at least one episode of TIPS dysfunction (median delay between administration of

108 g places on Earth and belongs to the crucial tipping elements in the Earth system.

109 For the tipping elements in the Earth's climate system, the most

110 s communication between synergid cells and a tip-elongating pollen tube (PT) for the successful deliv

111 lications to illustrate future directions of tip-enhanced near-field Raman microscopy and TERS.

112 In this respect, tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) has been demonstrat

113 rface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) have emerged as a

114 Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), wherein light is

115 scussion related to the resolution limits of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, at revisiting our compr

116 Detailed in situ hybridization studies of tip-enriched predictions identified UBT-enriched gene se

117 We hypothesized that the human distal tip epithelium is an analogous progenitor population and

118 EB1 and CLIP-170 plus end-tracking protein (+TIP) family members with the TORC1 subunit Kog1/Raptor,

119 tor with tip-localized AGPs as the source of tip-focussed cytosolic Ca(2+) oscillations: Hechtian adh

120 mmon mode of capture; (ii) capturing via the tip followed by retraction; (iii) combinations of surfin

121 n mapping measurements at surfaces using the tip for simultaneous delivery and sensing of the reactio

122 atheter was designed with a diamond-embedded tip (for rapid cooling) and 6 surface thermocouples to r

123 otic total occlusion of MPV and treated with TIPS from January 2000 to January 2010 were retrospectiv

124 ortal hypertension who received placement of TIPS from January 2008 through October 2015; patients we

125 we sampled D. corymbosa ectomycorrhizal root tips from the four microhabitats and analyzed community

126 pid gap, which channels water to the radicle tip, from whence it is distributed via embryonic vascula

127 on an anatase TiO2 surface, we show that the tip-generated (O2)(-) radicals are identical to those cr

128 (*-) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) with the tip generation/substrate collection (TG/SC) mode of scan

129 quantify how the genotypic diversity of root tip geometry and root diameter influences root elongatio

130 The obtained results demonstrated that root tip geometry is a pivotal trait governing root penetrati

131 Participants in the TIP group identified and addressed barriers to adherence

132 e total number of paracenteses was 32 in the TIPS group vs 320 in the LVP+A group.

133 mplications (18% vs 0%; P = .01) than in the TIPS group.

134 Combined, this enables observation of root tips growing along the natural gravity vector over prolo

135 Many tip-growing cells are capable of responding to guidance

136 cessing of HG in the cell walls of these two tip-growing structures.

137 radients and the mechanistic linkage between tip growth and guidance.

138 's Razor suggests a new model of pollen tube tip growth based on a novel Hechtian oscillator that int

139 F-actin has been shown to be essential for tip growth in an array of plant models, including Physco

140 actin cytoskeleton at the tube apex to drive tip growth.

141 ortant insight into vesicle secretion during tip growth.

142 into a simple but widely applicable model of tip growth.

143 ian growth oscillator that regulates overall tip growth.

144 med using a pressure and Doppler flow sensor tipped guidewire to obtain simultaneous pressure and flo

145 raffic jam of multiple trains at the ciliary tip, how IFT trains are remodeled in these turnaround zo

146 t conditions: immediately after placement of TIPS (immediate PPG); at least 24 hours after placement

147 he joints occur simultaneously at the distal tip, implying that an integrated model is required to fu

148 y vesicles move toward and accumulate at the tip in an actin-dependent manner.

149 e interaction between graphene and a silicon tip in an ionic liquid and describe it within the framew

150 with a Hg-coated microelectrode used as the tip in the scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM).

151 While tipping in a fold bifurcation of an equilibrium is well

152 al analyses indicated full regrowth of digit tips in the Msx-overexpressing groups, particularly in M

153 Instead, drip tips increased with increasing temperature.

154 ined by a deep potential well created by the tip-induced charge.

155 tronic states, local electromagnetic fields (tip-induced plasmons), and molecular vibrations.

156 a that localized FR enrichment at the lamina tip induces upward leaf movement (hyponasty) from the pe

157 Classically one expects an AFM tip interacting with a cell surface to be repelled due t

158 ive impairment were randomly assigned to the TIP intervention (n = 115) or treatment as usual (n = 11

159 ing a Pt/TiO2-coated atomic force microscope tip into contact with a flat substrate coated with Pt.

160 e PPG); at least 24 hours after placement to TIPS into hemodynamically stable patients, without sedat

161 tein, p40, reveal similarities to the needle-tip invasin proteins SipD and IpaD of Gram-negative bact

162 ly formed branch and final maturation of the tip involve cellular mechanisms that include cell elonga

163 ate is sufficiently high and when the needle tip is close to the apical terminus.

164 Here we identified the ciliary tip kinesins Kif7 and Kif17 as novel interaction partner

165 The in-tip La2O3 monolith strategy has better batch to batch re

166 ze a model of mechanotransduction where each tip link attaches to two channels, mobile within the mem

167 Experimental evidence indicates that each tip link is a dimeric molecule, associated on average wi

168 er channels, recover upon blocker washout or tip link regeneration and can be replicated by manipulat

169 nt of a single channel directly shortens the tip link.

170 To ensure maximal sensitivity, tip links are tensioned at rest, resulting in a continuo

171 When channels open, the tip links relax, reducing the hair-bundle stiffness.

172 ear hair cells are gated by the tension of 'tip links' interconnecting stereocilia.

173 ocilia, activated by tension in interciliary tip links, and anomalous mechanosensitive (MS) channels

174 protein-calcium (AGP-Ca(2+) ) capacitor with tip-localized AGPs as the source of tip-focussed cytosol

175 The tip-located myosin X then initiates the second cycle of

176 xpression of EB1 (end-binding protein 1), a +TIP (MT plus-end tracking protein).

177 the diuranium mu-phosphido complex [{U(Tren(TIPS) )}(mu-P){U(Tren(DMBS) )}][Na(12C4)2 ] [7, Tren(DMB

178 mly assigned to groups that received covered TIPS (n = 29) or large-volume paracenteses and albumin a

179 Reaction of [U(Tren(TIPS) )(PH2 )] (1, Tren(TIPS) =N(CH2 CH2 NSiPr(i)3 )3 ) with C6 H5 CH2 K and [U(

180 n=U, Pn=P, As, Sb, Bi; An=Th, Pn=P, As; Tren(TIPS) =N(CH2 CH2 NSiPr(i)3 )3 , An=U, Pn=P, As, Sb; An=T

181 current understanding of the ureteric branch tip niche.

182 s conclude that assembly of a new cap at the tip of a broken filament depends on how the filament was

183 prepared on different substrates such as the tip of a glass pipet, a double-barrel pipet, and a frees

184 by depositing a platinum nanoparticle at the tip of a quartz nanopipette forming a bipolar nanoelectr

185 The tip of a volumetric absorptive microsampling device is u

186 nd (NFUS) imaging through transducers in the tip of an ablation catheter may provide important inform

187 AFM-IR works by using the tip of an AFM probe to locally detect thermal expansion

188 ctions of the beta-peptide with the nonpolar tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM).

189 d myosin 6 mediate ectosome release from the tip of cilia.

190 richment of the EFF-1 fusogen at the growing tip of cut processes.

191 M10(Full)LZ localizes at the tip of filopodia like myosin-X full-length (M10(Full)).

192 in the SaPI-inducing disposition, while the tip of motif VI is disturbed.

193 rs primarily through tubulin assembly at the tip of the axon, the transport of individual MTs, or bec

194 endent excitation of nanoscale motion at the tip of the C-terminal tail in the phosphomimic S339D/S34

195 ive binding experiments show that the acidic tip of the E. coli Hfq CTD transiently binds the basic S

196 apical ectodermal ridge (AER) at the distal tip of the limb bud to direct outgrowth along the proxim

197 TbPLK localization to the tip of the new FAZ is also blocked.

198 ior displacement of the nose, especially the tip of the nose, indicating shortening of the nose and u

199 sport PNA-beads harboring target miRs to the tip of the pore (sensing zone), which results in pore bl

200 is well understood, much less is known about tipping of oscillations (limit cycles) though this dynam

201 ng cargo along microtubules (MTs) toward the tips of cilia.

202 ndrites by thinning and fragmentation at the tips of dendrite branches, leading to shortening or remo

203 nnector membrane junction is attached to the tips of extending microtubules of the assembling flagell

204 concentrated into a nanoscopic volume at the tips of filopodia.

205 ICANCE STATEMENT Growth cones are the motile tips of growing axons whose guidance behaviors require i

206 the "Repli-seq" assay for use in intact root tips of maize (Zea mays) that includes several different

207 y, adhesion molecules are distributed at the tips of membrane tethers.

208 ze with docked RNA granules at the bases and tips of new branches.

209 rough solution-phase epitaxial growth on the tips of rutile TiO2 nanorods.

210 Mechanotransducer channels at the tips of sensory stereocilia of inner ear hair cells are

211 RL-1 molecules, each one located at opposite tips of the disc.

212 ormal mechanotransducer (MT) channels at the tips of the stereocilia, activated by tension in interci

213 s of elevated apoptosis, specifically at the tips of the villi, where there is highest sheer.

214 critical techniques and clinical outcome of TIPS on liver cirrhosis-related thrombotic total occlusi

215 Therefore, single-use tonometer tips or disposable tonometer covers should be considered

216 and treated with an ultrasonic scaler (metal tip) or Er:YAG laser (20.3 or 38.2 J/cm(2)) in non-conta

217 were randomly assigned to the intervention (TIP) or treatment as usual.

218 lation of ENA and VASP fluorescence in their tips over time.

219 only enables the realization of microsphere-tipped PDMS micropillars on non-flat, highly space-const

220 ality is lower in hospitals performing >/=20 TIPS per year.

221 Alternatively, reaction of [U(Tren(TIPS) )(PH)][Na(12C4)2 ] (5, 12C4=12-crown-4 ether) with

222 Reaction of [U(Tren(TIPS) )(PH2 )] (1, Tren(TIPS) =N(CH2 CH2 NSiPr(i)3 )3 )

223 We provide a detailed analysis of tipping phenomena in periodically forced systems and sho

224 edation (early PPG); and again 1 month after TIPS placement (late PPG).

225 term (>3 months) need for paracentesis after TIPS placement were evaluated and calculated by using th

226 , all patients with primary BCS referred for TIPS placement were included in the study.

227 [An(Tren(DMBS) ){Pn(SiMe3 )2 }] and [An(Tren(TIPS) ){Pn(SiMe3 )2 }] [Tren(DMBS) =N(CH2 CH2 NSiMe2 Bu(

228 In our model setup, crossing the tipping point causes precipitation reductions of up to 4

229 analysis of gene expression profiles at the tipping point indicates transcription factors that drive

230 ry from small perturbations) may emerge as a tipping point is approached.

231 s occurred when the water level fell below a tipping point of -24 cm.

232 res rose and declined more rapidly after the tipping point than did reproductive success of experienc

233 ualitative patterns in the neighborhood of a tipping point to greatly reduced vaccine uptake and larg

234 warming, certain landscapes could be near a tipping point where relatively small changes to their fi

235 Our results indicate the existence of a tipping point.

236 e declines and the population approaches the tipping point.

237 ur results suggest that hysteresis loops and tipping points are a common feature of oxic-anoxic trans

238 Despite a growing interest in identifying tipping points in response to environmental change, our

239 onlinear dynamical systems may be exposed to tipping points, critical thresholds at which small chang

240 standard to confirm central venous catheter tip position and rule out associated lung complications

241 st radiograph approximated accurate catheter tip position in 136 of 137 patients (99.3%).

242 zed a recently developed nanoplasmonic fiber tip probe (nFTP) technology and investigated whether cur

243 The pilus adhesin tip protein Cpa promoted Alab49 survival in whole blood

244 ne encoding the mannose-binding type 1 pilus tip protein FimH demonstrated reduced binding and invasi

245 yses of an abundant Lh VLP surface and spike-tip protein, p40, reveal similarities to the needle-tip

246 oderate and high soil strength, smaller root tip radius-to-length ratio was correlated with higher ge

247 MT growth and collapse occur at the dendrite tip, resulting in the formation of aberrant MT loops.

248 na discharge is commonly observed at emitter tips, resulting in low ion abundances and reduced nESI n

249 ionization MS using 1.6 mum diameter emitter tips, resulting in no mass information.

250 en for DELLA-bound loci in the inflorescence tip, revealed that DELLAs limit meristem size in Arabido

251 approximately 30 nm, but also a substantial tip roughness of approximately 5 nm.

252 ed protocol considering swab-inlet geometry, tip-sample angles and distances, rotation speeds, and re

253 r the first time, accurately determining the tip-sample distance during an SICM experiment.

254 ights in dAFM of TMDs as a result of varying tip-sample interactions between the sample and substrate

255 that the rectifying Schottky barrier at the tip-sample interface plays a critical role in efficient

256 ores are enlarged along the direction of the tip scan.

257 een prepared with optically active cores and tips separated by an inert intermediate shell layer.

258 The tip size of these pipettes is approximately ten times sm

259 he presence of a serum protein corona on the tip strongly modifies the interaction as indicated by pr

260 Both tip structures contain evolutionarily conserved as well

261 Specific flagellum tip structures exist, yet their composition, dynamics, a

262 ents and the definition of subdomains in the tip structures.

263 the substrate, we are able to calculate the tip-substrate distance as the tip approaches the surface

264 electrochemical and optical determination of tip-substrate distance yielded excellent agreement betwe

265 s, where the disc geometry facilitates small tip-substrate gaps and improves both spatial and tempora

266 recruit and deliver monomers to the filament tip, suggesting that VASP operates as a single tetramer

267 and characteristic phenotypic deviations of tip swelling and apical invaginations.

268 er with CPL exerts a force on the microscope tip that depends on the handedness of the light and the

269 main with the 9 amino acid C-terminal acidic tip that is involved in SSB binding to other proteins in

270 the design and fabrication of scanning probe tips that combine SECM with atomic force microscopy (AFM

271 mption and much larger curvature of dendrite tips that leads to an enhanced electric driving force.

272 hly specialized plus-end-tracking proteins (+TIPs) that respond to signaling cues to alter MT behavio

273 mide glucosyltransferase production, thereby tipping the balance between GC formation and degradation

274 even at temperatures below critical maxima, tipping the balance in favor of the parasite.

275 promoter, but not the TNF promoter, thereby tipping the balance towards inflammation rather than res

276 new T-cell specificities in cancer patients, tipping the intra-tumoural balance in favour of enhanced

277 tion by actin polymerases operating at their tips, the protrusion efficiency of lamellipodia is deter

278 ents-an observation that is consistent with "tipping" theories of urban change.

279 In motion, the scanning probe tip thereby deterministically reconfigures the spatial d

280 NSiPr(i)3 )3 ) with C6 H5 CH2 K and [U(Tren(TIPS) )(THF)][BPh4 ] (2) afforded a rare diuranium paren

281 r ridge formation, descending the sepal from tip to base.

282 traction time, acid concentration, nebulizer tip to sample surface gap, and morg/maq ratio.

283 andomized trial, we found covered stents for TIPS to increase the proportion of patients with cirrhos

284 nsjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) to increase survival times of patients with cirrho

285 ditions clam-shell drops would move from the tip towards the root on a conical wire.

286 are obtained by determining their real space tip transfer function (RSTTF).

287 In particular, for a left-handed chiral tip, transverse forces are attractive with left-CPL and

288 ucting ancestral states of characters at the tips using the criterion of parsimony over a set of boot

289 mbal vessels, angiogenic stalks, and growing tip vessels and migrated toward the cytokines, indicatin

290 Mortality decreased with rising annual TIPS volume (13% for very low to 6% for very high volume

291 TIPS volume of </= 20 TIPS/year, variceal bleeding, and

292 The successful rate of TIPS was 90.7%, without any procedure-related deaths or

293 rom the early PPG, regardless of whether the TIPS was placed using general anesthesia (8.5 +/- 3.5 mm

294 The most frequent indication for TIPS was refractory ascites (50 of 54; 93%).

295 Ellips FX handpiece and a 0.9-mm bent Dewey tip with a 30-degree bevel (Microsurgical Technology Inc

296 decorating a scanning tunnelling microscope tip with a gold nanowire.

297 n cascade members mGluR6 and TRPM1 appear in tips with different timelines.

298 sts, coinciding with longer and thinner root tips with higher tissue density, smaller EMM biomass per

299 TIPS volume of </= 20 TIPS/year, variceal bleeding, and nosocomial infections

300 e radius of an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip yields a very low signal-to-noise ratio.