ライフサイエンスコーパス: trachoma

1 for meeting elimination criteria of blinding trachoma.

2 g chlamydial infection and clinical signs of trachoma.

3 the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of trachoma.

4 rchestrating the proinflammatory response in trachoma.

5 mass treatment may be necessary to eliminate trachoma.

6 issue remodeling and recurrent trichiasis in trachoma.

7 limited data on humoral immune responses in trachoma.

8 utions in its strategy to eliminate blinding trachoma.

9 of sexually transmitted disease and blinding trachoma.

10 nsmitted infections and the blinding disease trachoma.

11 Subjects were examined for signs of trachoma.

12 scarring, particularly in the late stages of trachoma.

13 l the ocular strains of chlamydia that cause trachoma.

14 eatment has no added benefit on reduction of trachoma.

15 tion of the clinical disease signs of active trachoma.

16 Household members were examined for active trachoma.

17 istent with flies being important vectors of trachoma.

18 tment to residents who had clinically active trachoma.

19 e 9) gene expression was increased in active trachoma.

20 ere fly-eye contact and prevalence of active trachoma.

21 highest among those with severe inflammatory trachoma.

22 as the causative agent of the eye infection trachoma.

23 ndicator of decreased transmission of ocular trachoma.

24 bout the epidemiology and pathophysiology of trachoma.

25 , diabetic retinopathy, night blindness, and trachoma.

26 ously named limbal corneal pits as a sign of trachoma.

27 reported a measure of the effect of WASH on trachoma.

28 pathogen and the etiologic agent of blinding trachoma.

29 me-wide association study (GWAS) of scarring trachoma (1090 cases, 1531 controls) that identified 27

30 trauma (11.8%), refractive error (11.4%) and trachoma (7.6%).

31 erial conjunctival infections in cicatricial trachoma, a conjunctival swabbing of adults in rural Eth

32 ction with Chlamydia trachomatis can lead to trachoma, a leading infectious cause of blindness.

33 All residents were offered azithromycin for trachoma after baseline was determined.

34 used to assess the prevalence of infectious trachoma after community-wide antibiotic treatments coul

35 Trachoma, an infectious disease of the conjunctiva cause

36 Seventy-one communities with trachoma and annual azithromycin coverage data were enro

37 It is the etiological agent of blinding trachoma and bacterial sexually transmitted diseases, in

38 isease and infection rates in the long term, trachoma and C. trachomatis infection were not eliminate

39 logical investigations in nations where both trachoma and chlamydial STD are endemic.

40 ness of cataract, glaucoma, night blindness, trachoma and diabetic retinopathy (p<0.05).

41 namely cataract, glaucoma, night blindness, trachoma and diabetic retinopathy in Nepal.

42 reas awareness of cataract, night blindness, trachoma and diabetic retinopathy was associated with ag

43 on (URR) (N = 840) underwent examination for trachoma and had blood collected for detection of antibo

44 to report the effects of WASH conditions on trachoma and identify research gaps.

45 adults, most of whom did not have follicular trachoma and in whom the infection would be missed under

46 w census and survey of current residents for trachoma and infection was conducted.

47 The rates of active trachoma and infection with C. trachomatis were determin

48 We determined the prevalence of trachoma and infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in com

49 ith azithromycin after a baseline survey for trachoma and infection.

50 entative strains of C. trachomatis from both trachoma and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) biovars from

51 hlamydia trachomatis, the causative agent of trachoma and many sexually transmitted diseases , leads

52 ival fibroblasts from patients with scarring trachoma and matching control individuals, and compared

53 Similarly, awareness of cataract, glaucoma, trachoma and night blindness was associated with female

54 baseline, 6 months, and 1 year for clinical trachoma and ocular C trachomatis infection.

55 : first, to ascertain the disease pattern of trachoma and ocular infection with C trachomatis in a tr

56 en years in all households were examined for trachoma and ocular infection with C. trachomatis at bas

57 after mass antibiotic treatment could reduce trachoma and ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis

58 shared services-for example, for eye health (trachoma and onchocerciasis), ulcer care (leprosy), or r

59 th a marker and risk factor for inflammatory trachoma and severe trachomatous disease.

60 of research into developing vaccines against trachoma and sexually transmitted chlamydial infections.

61 ns of individuals globally, causing blinding trachoma and sexually transmitted disease.

62 homatis is the etiological agent of blinding trachoma and sexually transmitted disease.

63 e severe health problems, including blinding trachoma and sexually transmitted diseases.

64 hlamydia trachomatis is responsible for both trachoma and sexually transmitted infections, causing su

65 Chlamydia trachomatis causes both trachoma and sexually transmitted infections.

66 urgery were evaluated for presence of active trachoma and signs of cicatricial outcomes of trachoma,

67 Active trachoma and swab samples of the conjunctiva were assess

68 All available children were examined for trachoma and swabs were collected for microbiologic cult

69 children aged 5 through 15 years with active trachoma and their household members in SAFE and SA comm

70 the role of eye-seeking flies as vectors of trachoma and to test provision of simple pit latrines, w

71 onic inflammatory diseases, such as blinding trachoma and tubal factor infertility.

72 ions, and to assess the prevalence of active trachoma and unclean faces.

73 This finding is essentially pathognomic of trachoma and was welcomed as a sign that could reliably

74 ing subjects in the community who had active trachoma and were also heterozygous for the H-RISK.

75 4 to 15 years with clinical signs of active trachoma and/or infection with C. trachomatis.

76 n ages 5 years and younger was evaluated for trachoma, and determination of Chlamydia trachomatis inf

77 Children were examined for clinical trachoma, and swab samples were taken for determination

78 The children were examined for signs of trachoma, and swabs were collected for bacteriological c

79 macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, trachoma, and uncorrected refractive error in 1990-2010

80 ntervals for mass azithromycin treatment for trachoma are based on a mathematical model.

81 sts that ocular tropism and association with trachoma are functionally associated with some sequence

82 Data on the impact of WASH on trachoma are needed to support policy and program recomm

83 echanisms underlying progressive fibrosis in trachoma are unknown.

84 utions in its strategy to eliminate blinding trachoma as a public health concern.

85 cess to sanitation was associated with lower trachoma as measured by the presence of trachomatous inf

86 RCT examined treatment of river blindness or trachoma as part of an intervention to target 2 or more

87 munities were screened for clinical signs of trachoma at baseline and after 6 months.

88 Trichiasis recurrence and active trachoma at study visit were assessed.

89 uch estimates are particularly important for trachoma because of the absence of a true "gold standard

90 r distinct groups: (i) Chlamydia trachomatis trachoma biovars (serovars A to H), (ii) C. trachomatis

91 t the ocular strains of chlamydia that cause trachoma, but may also be efficacious against respirator

92 ategy in order to eliminate blindness due to trachoma by 2020 through "surgery," "antibiotics," "faci

93 esults show that substantial falls in active trachoma can occur where SAFE is implemented, and that g

94 ntestinal helminthiasis, schistosomiasis and trachoma) can be used to define eligible target populati

95 Trachoma, caused by repeated infections with ocular Chla

96 Trachoma, caused by repeated ocular infection with Chlam

97 Trachoma, caused by the obligate intracellular organism

98 s phylogeny show that there is only a single trachoma-causing clade, which is distinct from the linea

99 a, diabetic retinopathy, night blindness and trachoma compared to those from a semi-urban community a

100 In a region of Ethiopia with endemic trachoma, conjunctival bacterial growth was more common

101 at the mass distribution of azithromycin for trachoma control (MDA) may increase circulation of macro

102 the assay in the planning and monitoring of trachoma control activities.

103 Epidemiological models of trachoma control indicate that a vaccine with this degre

104 ies of their effect when combined with other trachoma control measures are warranted.

105 A trachoma control programme was started in southern Sudan

106 Although trachoma control programs frequently use the World Healt

107 Trachoma control programs to reduce risk of scarring are

108 s essential for the success of country-based trachoma control programs.

109 standardized approaches to measuring WASH in trachoma control programs.

110 ated and may have important implications for trachoma control strategies and prevention of blindness.

111 onal research is needed to determine optimal trachoma control strategies, including evaluation of the

112 ation recommends mass treatment as part of a trachoma control strategy.

113 ive to disease-specific schemes in cataract, trachoma control, infectious corneal ulceration, cytomeg

114 rial of mass azithromycin administration for trachoma control.

115 of TF for guiding the use of antibiotics for trachoma control.

116 tibiotic treatment is a central component of trachoma control.

117 To eliminate trachoma, control programmes use the SAFE strategy (Surg

118 Trachoma-control programmes distribute oral azithromycin

119 Although clinical trachoma correlated with infection, 23% of participants

120 en, who are a core group for transmission of trachoma, could eventually eliminate infection from the

121 trial of mass azithromycin distributions for trachoma created a convenient experiment to test the hyp

122 3 years of mass treatment, the prevalence of trachoma decreased in a linear fashion with number of ye

123 h low (10%-20%) initial prevalence of active trachoma did not have MDA stopped before 3 annual rounds

124 tudies have focused on immune mechanisms for trachoma during chronic stages of infection, less resear

125 d to severe chronic complications, including trachoma, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility.

126 reported a measure of the effect of WASH on trachoma, either active disease indicated by observed si

127 trachomatis, after antibiotic treatment for trachoma, either through transfer of secretions from nos

128 asis (TT) surgery are undermining the global trachoma elimination effort.

129 rnerstone of the World Health Organization's trachoma elimination program.

130 lar disease is currently used for evaluating trachoma elimination programs, but serological surveilla

131 ping, impact monitoring, and surveillance in trachoma elimination programs.

132 e findings support the importance of WASH in trachoma elimination strategies and the need for the dev

133 lp inform rational design of diagnostics for trachoma elimination, we outline a nonparametric multile

134 Mass treatment with azithromycin for trachoma endemic communities typically excludes infants

135 hildren with clinical signs of trachoma in a trachoma endemic region of northern Australia.

136 A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a trachoma endemic village in Tanzania.

137 In a trachoma-endemic area, mass distribution of oral azithro

138 tional study was performed in two previously trachoma-endemic areas of The Gambia.

139 a--frequent causes of childhood mortality in trachoma-endemic areas.

140 be achieved with the SAFE strategy in other trachoma-endemic areas.

141 apply it to 2 longitudinal cohort studies of trachoma-endemic communities in Tanzania (2000-2002) and

142 c distribution of antibiotics to children in trachoma-endemic communities reduces chlamydial infectio

143 C. trachomatis infection in individuals from trachoma-endemic communities with or without end-stage t

144 zation recommends annual treatment of entire trachoma-endemic communities, although children typicall

145 on in their families after mass treatment in trachoma-endemic communities.

146 al survey of children living in an untreated trachoma-endemic community in Tanzania.

147 In this trachoma-endemic community, incident scarring was high,

148 Country programs in trachoma-endemic regions must realistically expect that

149 ects without disease, all of whom resided in trachoma-endemic regions of Nepal.

150 14 trachoma-endemic villages in rural Gambia were examined

151 or in 664 children aged 1-9 years in remote, trachoma-endemic villages in Tanzania.

152 rachomatis infection of Tanzanians living in trachoma-endemic villages were examined to determine pos

153 ular C. trachomatis infection in children in trachoma-endemic villages.

154 arrhea, soil-transmitted helminth infection, trachoma, environmental enteric dysfunction, and growth

155 play an important role in the progression of trachoma, especially with regard to the development of c

156 We further demonstrate that scarring trachoma fibroblasts can promote Akt phosphorylation in

157 We show that scarring trachoma fibroblasts substantially differ from control c

158 stinctive molecular fingerprint for scarring trachoma fibroblasts, and identified IL-6- as a potentia

159 s significantly associated with inflammatory trachoma + follicular trachoma (OR, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.70-8

160 Individuals (n = 3186) were graded for trachoma followed by conjunctival sampling to detect chl

161 comed as a sign that could reliably diagnose trachoma from other external diseases.

162 To determine the prevalence of trachoma from surveys among 4 districts in Nepal (Dailek

163 in places where the prevalence of follicular trachoma (FT) is greater than 10%.

164 ronmental improvement) to eliminate blinding trachoma globally by the year 2020.

165 ity, have no ocular condition that prevented trachoma grading or ocular specimen collection, and have

166 were graded according to the WHO simplified trachoma grading system.

167 Clinical trachoma grading was performed, and conjunctival samples

168 His diagnostic acumen in the field of trachoma has justly stood the test of time.

169 iasis surgery to prevent blindness caused by trachoma; however, recurrence is common.

170 ave not been widely studied, particularly in trachoma hyperendemic areas.

171 there are no comparable long-term data from trachoma hyperendemic communities.

172 We did a longitudinal study of a trachoma hyperendemic community (n=1017) in Tanzania.

173 and ocular infection with C trachomatis in a trachoma hyperendemic community after mass treatment; an

174 In this trachoma hyperendemic community, infection levels after

175 omatis infection were not eliminated in this trachoma hyperendemic village 3.5 years after two rounds

176 B*11 may offer protection from trichiasis in trachoma hyperendemic villages.

177 Twelve trachoma-hyperendemic communities were treated with 3 an

178 th Organization recommends mass treatment of trachoma-hyperendemic communities, but there are scant e

179 h follow-up examinations were performed in a trachoma-hyperendemic village.

180 Among individuals with trachoma, IgG antibody responses to CPAF are likely to b

181 d from young children with clinical signs of trachoma in a trachoma endemic region of northern Austra

182 en are the sentinel markers of infection and trachoma in communities, so data are presented specifica

183 f fly control and antibiotic distribution on trachoma in hyperendemic communities.

184 tting was 4 districts previously endemic for trachoma in Nepal.

185 e that is safe and efficacious in preventing trachoma in nonhuman primates, a model with excellent pr

186 This strategy has successfully eliminated trachoma in several countries and global efforts are und

187 ificity of laboratory and clinical tests for trachoma in the absence of a gold standard.

188 rachoma and signs of cicatricial outcomes of trachoma, including number of trichiatic lashes, epilati

189 expression in the conjunctiva during active trachoma infection.

190 eyes, a relevant experimental model of human trachoma infection.

191 Trachoma is a conjunctiva scarring disease, which is the

192 Trachoma is a poorly understood immunofibrogenic disease

193 Blinding trachoma is an ancient neglected tropical disease caused

194 Trachoma is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct).

195 The pathophysiology of blinding trachoma is driven by multiple episodes of reinfection o

196 ival swab samples from a population in which trachoma is endemic in Guinea Bissau, we evaluated the s

197 In an African community where trachoma is endemic, we have previously identified an IL

198 xpression was measured in a population where trachoma is endemic.

199 sessed in a treatment-naive population where trachoma is hyperendemic.

200 Data from studies done in communities where trachoma is mesoendemic suggest that ocular infection wi

201 The immunological basis of scarring trachoma is not well understood.

202 at the immunofibrogenic response in scarring trachoma is partly stimulated by nonchlamydial bacterial

203 Trachoma is targeted for elimination by 2020.

204 Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness wo

205 Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness.

206 Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness.

207 Trachoma is the most common infectious cause of blindnes

208 Trachoma is the most common infectious cause of blindnes

209 Trachoma is the world's leading cause of infectious blin

210 The role of immunity in blinding trachoma is unclear.

211 his hypothesis, the genome of an oculotropic trachoma isolate (A/HAR-13) was sequenced and compared t

212 Trachoma isolates and the sexually transmitted serotypes

213 The Australian trachoma isolates appear to be recombinants with UGT C.

214 In regions with low levels of endemic trachoma, it is possible that much of the TF that is obs

215 two lineages that fall outside the classical trachoma lineage, instead being placed within UGT clades

216 ydia trachomatis nMOMP in a nonhuman primate trachoma model.

217 Trachoma occurs in resource-poor areas with inadequate h

218 Eyes were graded for active trachoma; ocular swabs were taken to test for C. trachom

219 ment will be needed to reach a prevalence of trachoma of <5%.

220 In comparison, trachoma, onchocerciasis, vitamin A deficiency, and refr

221 At 5 years, there were no differences in trachoma or infection rates, when comparing new resident

222 homatis pathobiotypes associated with either trachoma or sexually transmitted diseases, but differenc

223 ated with inflammatory trachoma + follicular trachoma (OR, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.70-8.33; P=0.04).

224 ecent reports have shown that infection with trachoma organisms lacking the cryptic chlamydial plasmi

225 of effect for a comparable WASH exposure and trachoma outcome, we conducted a random-effects meta-ana

226 r awareness of cataract, night blindness and trachoma (p<0.05).

227 s of cataract, glaucoma, night blindness and trachoma (p<0.05).

228 a, diabetic retinopathy, night blindness and trachoma (p<0.05).

229 al virulence factor and its contributions to trachoma pathogenesis.

230 saic we described previously from an African trachoma patient.

231 in nine Ethiopian villages with hyperendemic trachoma, persons 40 years of age or older with signs or

232 omiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis, and trachoma, possible synergies between existing disease-sp

233 Trachoma presents distinct clinical syndromes ranging fr

234 is in a Gambian community with low to medium trachoma prevalence and investigated the rate, route, an

235 s and is associated with substantially lower trachoma prevalence compared with controls.

236 suggests that, for communities with baseline trachoma prevalence of 50% and annual treatment coverage

237 ying was associated with a mean reduction in trachoma prevalence of 56% (19-93; p=0.01) and 30% with

238 Analysis of age-standardised trachoma prevalence rates at the cluster level (n=14) sh

239 cin was provided in 4 of 8 communities where trachoma prevalence was >/=10%.

240 uartile range (IQR) (1.8%, 7.7%); the median trachoma prevalence was 9.4%, IQR (6.6%, 15%).

241 ies to Ct antigens is potentially useful for trachoma programmes, but consideration should be given t

242 Trachoma programs have had remarkable success at reducin

243 The trachoma rate did not differ significantly in the interv

244 th C trachomatis in communities with average trachoma rates at 12% to 13% cannot be eliminated before

245 At 5 years, trachoma rates were still lower than baseline, ranging f

246 ion of children, could interrupt the natural trachoma reinfection cycle.

247 Trachoma remains a leading cause of blindness.

248 Trachoma remains the leading infectious cause of blindne

249 Trachoma remains the leading preventable infectious caus

250 Trachoma results from repeated episodes of conjunctival

251 s are available for single isolates from the trachoma (serotype A) and sexually transmitted (serotype

252 achoma strains representative of the 3 major trachoma serotypes, using microarray-based comparative g

253 ere are three biovariants of C. trachomatis: trachoma (serotypes A-C) and two sexually transmitted pa

254 Chlamydia trachomatis isolates that cause trachoma, sexually transmitted genital tract infections

255 Clinical trachoma status was evaluated.

256 Cynomolgus macaques infected ocularly with a trachoma strain deficient for the 7.5-kb conserved plasm

257 Outside of ompA, trachoma strains differed primarily in a very small subs

258 isease outcome, we analyzed the genomes of 4 trachoma strains representative of the 3 major trachoma

259 late with differences in pathogenicity among trachoma strains.

260 , which studied females only, and the Family Trachoma Study (FTS), which compared persistently infect

261 or sexually transmitted disease and blinding trachoma synthesize a highly conserved surface-exposed a

262 inst all possible combinations of follicular trachoma (TF) and inflammatory trachoma (TI).

263 WHO simplified criteria grades of follicular trachoma (TF) and intense trachomatous inflammation (TI)

264 ion-based surveillance survey for follicular trachoma (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) 2 years a

265 lence settings, clinically active follicular trachoma (TF) is often found in the absence of detectabl

266 Follicular trachoma (TF) was detected in 65 children (14%), C. trac

267 are the etiologic agent of endemic blinding trachoma, the leading cause of bacterial sexually transm

268 Infection of the eye can result in trachoma, the leading cause of preventable blindness in

269 ydia trachomatis is the etiological agent of trachoma, the leading cause of preventable blindness.

270 Trachoma, the leading infectious cause of blindness, is

271 verify districts for elimination of blinding trachoma, the World Health Organization requires a popul

272 Trachoma, the world's leading cause of preventable blind

273 Overall, 30 (1.6%) individuals had active trachoma; the prevalence in children aged 1-9 years was

274 ively involved in late cicatricial stages of trachoma through the production of proinflammatory facto

275 of follicular trachoma (TF) and inflammatory trachoma (TI).

276 nization (WHO) simplified grading system for trachoma to monitor the clinical response after repeated

277 hogen causing diseases ranging from blinding trachoma to pelvic inflammatory disease.

278 ndemic communities with or without end-stage trachoma (trichiasis) in The Gambia.

279 is study found no evidence of reemergence of trachoma up to 10 years after cessation of MDA in 4 dist

280 ogist examined all participants for signs of trachoma using WHO grading systems with additional asses

281 s were boosted i.m. with the live-attenuated trachoma vaccine and their peripheral T cell anamnestic

282 own that a plasmid-deficient live-attenuated trachoma vaccine delivered ocularly to macaques elicited

283 l pipeline and, in the case of an attenuated trachoma vaccine, are given to human subjects, it may be

284 rtant but unexpected role in live-attenuated trachoma vaccine-mediated protective immunity.

285 ies have received much attention as possible trachoma vectors, but this remains unproved.

286 Baseline community prevalence of active trachoma was 6%.

287 retinopathy was 29%, glaucoma was 21.3% and trachoma was 6.1%.

288 on of a single dose of oral azithromycin for trachoma was associated with increased circulation of ma

289 ithromycin in a Tanzanian community in which trachoma was endemic.

290 However, his interest in trachoma was peripheral to his main professional work, w

291 Signs of trachoma were graded according to the WHO simplified tra

292 xaminations for the presence and severity of trachoma were performed.

293 nsmitted infections and the blinding disease trachoma, which affect hundreds of millions of people wo

294 al surveys, including clinical assessment of trachoma (WHO simplified system) and structured question

295 n (excluding pregnant women with no clinical trachoma, who were offered topical tetracycline).

296 We assessed indirect protection against trachoma with mass azithromycin distributions.

297 ion of IL10 in the conjunctiva during active trachoma, with the H-RISK generating relatively more IL1

298 or more inturned eyelashes) or inflammatory trachoma without trichiasis and control subjects without

299 l efforts are underway to eliminate blinding trachoma worldwide by 2020.

300 The Partnership for the Rapid Elimination of Trachoma-Ziada Trial was conducted from February 1, 2010