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   1  (9 smaller early-phase and 2 larger outcome trials).                                                
     2 trials), or postmenopausal women with CKD (4 trials).                                                
     3 age, 68 years; 16% women), 333 completed the trial.                                                  
     4 diac cause that had been included in the TTM-trial.                                                  
     5  Site and Systemic Implementation of Angiox) trial.                                                  
     6 r Ticagrelor and Patient Outcomes (SOCRATES) trial.                                                  
     7 ionale for a confirmatory phase III clinical trial.                                                  
     8  in 4 samples from 2 persons in the clinical trial.                                                  
     9 lternative medications were included in this trial.                                                  
    10 ive, randomized, multicenter, single-blinded trial.                                                  
    11  two subjects that were part of the phase II trial.                                                  
    12                   No deaths occurred in this trial.                                                  
    13 ors were requested from the leaders of the 6 trials.                                                 
    14 associations that shared features with other trials.                                                 
    15 in activity have already moved into clinical trials.                                                 
    16 and as a surrogate biomarker in intervention trials.                                                 
    17 nt and less participation of men in clinical trials.                                                 
    18 itant chemotherapy with the inclusion of new trials.                                                 
    19 ical practice and for the design of clinical trials.                                                 
    20 ncluded in the standard repair group of both trials.                                                 
    21 th 3 compounds failing in phase III clinical trials.                                                 
    22 y for mild cognitive impairment and dementia trials.                                                 
    23 -month prospective, randomized, FAME A and B trials.                                                 
    24 ently already used in phase 2, 3, and even 4 trials.                                                 
    25 o date, no vaccines have made it to clinical trials.                                                 
    26 ations for stratification of future clinical trials.                                                 
    27 n extracted data from fair- and good-quality trials.                                                 
    28 , with robust effects at the level of single trials.                                                 
    29 een 47% and 56% less pollen by the end of 10 trials.                                                 
    30 g in oncology have been small, single-center trials.                                                 
    31 sening of accrual for neoadjuvant/metastatic trials.                                                 
    32 H) is hampered by lack of pediatric clinical trials.                                                 
    33 loid PET assessment in clinical practice and trials.                                                 
    34 ral other compounds are in advanced clinical trials.                                                 
    35 survival as well as overall survival in both trials.                                                 
    36 r second neoplasias were observed in in both trials.                                                 
    37 rospective cohort studies and interventional trials.                                                 
    38 ophageal junction adenocarcinoma, Intergroup Trial 0116 (Phase III trial of postoperative adjuvant ra
  
  
  
  
    43 le-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, 401 participants aged 6 to 11 years were randomiz
    44  weight regain.In this randomized controlled trial, 61 healthy overweight or obese participants follo
    45 r search; of 1764 patients included in these trials, 871 were allocated to endovascular thrombectomy 
  
    47 le-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, 93 EoE patients between the ages of 11 and 40 yea
    48 o achieve the primary efficacy end point: in trial A, 188 of 254 (74.0%) vs 21 of 254 (8.3%; P < .001
    49 roduction to Enhance Performance in Dialysis trial, a 6-month randomized, multicenter trial to test w
    50 on after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) trial, a clinical trial in which 2,604 patients with chr
    51 hough some of these vaccines are in clinical trials, a lack of knowledge about the molecular basis th
    52 erapies have been tested in phase I clinical trials, a quarter of which have reached phase II/III.   
  
  
    55  carried out separately for each trial (mesh trial and graft trial) some women in the standard repair
    56 agonist, reduced tobacco smoking in a 4-week trial and in animal models has been shown to reduce cort
    57 no financial coverage for ASCT in a clinical trial and instead received melphalan at 200 mg/m(2) intr
  
    59 randomized controlled design by pre-approval trials and 2) the treatment-by-biomarker interaction.   
  
    61 therapies were efficient only in preclinical trials and have suggested the existence of resistance me
  
  
    64 CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) and SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendat
    65 spective reports and one randomized clinical trial, and five retrospective studies were included in v
  
  
    68 t drugs currently being assessed in clinical trials are targeting the downstream sequelae of this pri
  
  
  
  
  
  
    75 rtions of 65.7% (95% CI, 59.4%-72.1%) and in trial B, 192 of 255 (75.3%) vs 25 of 260 (9.6%; P < .001
  
    77 son Cancer Center who were eligible for this trial but declined to participate or had no financial co
    78 rved some improvement in accrual to adjuvant trials but worsening of accrual for neoadjuvant/metastat
  
    80 king the transition into early-phase patient trials, but the lack of validated biomarkers of disease 
    81 el-design, double-blind, randomized clinical trial, called Resveratrol to Improve Outcomes in Older P
    82 ID), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Database of Systematic Review
    83  and pharmacodynamic substudy from 4 phase 2 trials, circulating PCSK9 levels were measured at baseli
  
  
    86 ISE-ETP) study, a 34-site cluster-randomized trial, compared NAVIGATE, a coordinated specialty care p
    87 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing 150 million bone marrow mononuclear cell
    88 hibition [PLATFORM]: NCT00385138; A Clinical Trial Comparing Cangrelor to Clopidogrel Standard Therap
  
    90 ectronic databases for randomized controlled trials comparing AL to non-ACTs that reported gametocyte
    91 contribute to venous thrombosis has prompted trials comparing anticoagulants with aspirin for seconda
  
    93 ndomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial conducted in malaria-endemic Uganda, comparing hyd
    94 Women's Health Initiative (WHI), a series of trials conducted in the United States, during the period
    95 r OS rate, long-term follow-up of the FOLL05 trial confirms the favorable outcome of patients with ad
  
    97 ss these estimates in light of more clinical trial data and to understand the effect on an individual
  
  
   100 ay for patient selection may inform clinical trial design for immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer.    
  
   102  artery disease cell therapy investigational trial design may be informed by new anatomic and perfusi
  
  
  
   106 improving perioperative outcomes in research trials, effective methods of population-based implementa
   107 e III clinical trials only the RV144 vaccine trial elicited significant protection against HIV-1 acqu
  
   109    Between Nov 4, 2010, and Dec 7, 2015, the trial enrolled 399 patients and was terminated after a p
   110 ese randomised, phase 2, open-label clinical trials enrolled individuals from 15 countries who were c
   111    From a group of 79 patients included in a trial evaluating the role of pretreatment circulating tu
   112 to identify high-risk patients, and clinical trials evaluating novel therapies should be focused on t
  
  
   115  on recently published randomized controlled trials exploring the efficacy of oral tolerance inductio
   116 cal samples collected during the NCT00632476 trial followed by independent validation of selected cor
  
  
   119 emethylase 1 inhibitor currently in clinical trials for the treatment of small cell lung carcinoma, w
  
  
  
   123 inical outcome in patients from FAME 1 and 2 trials (Fractional Flow Reserve or Angiography for Multi
   124 ol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) guideline authors (n = 16), pharmaceutical indus
  
   126 some inhibitor bortezomib, but no systematic trial has been undertaken to support its use in ABMR.   
  
  
  
   130 Virology Research Clinic) and HIV prevention trials (HIV Prevention Trials Network 039 and Partners i
   131 ve been extensively demonstrated in clinical trials; however, its performance in routine health care 
   132 ver-blind, randomised controlled superiority trial (IMPACT) at 15 National Health Service child and a
  
  
   135 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 27 centers across North America to determine th
   136 PREDIMED (PREvencion con DIeta MEDiterranea) trial in 983 participants [230 cases and a random subcoh
   137 ve, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint trial in adult participants with ischaemic stroke or tra
   138  The START trial was a randomised controlled trial in ART-naive HIV-positive patients with CD4 cell c
   139 community-based three-arm cluster randomised trial in healthy children aged 1 month to 5 years that r
  
   141 n this multicentre, double-blind, randomised trial in seven Danish university clinics, we recruited c
   142 ous Coronary Intervention) trial, a clinical trial in which 2,604 patients with chronic angina and in
   143 SWIFT-C) is an open-label, 2-cohort clinical trial in which the first cohort assessed for the safety 
   144 double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trials in adults with chronic non-cancer pain and opioid
   145 ensing, we review the outcomes from clinical trials in children with persistent AA receiving omalizum
  
   147 evelopment Projects on Criteria for Clinical Trials in Chronic GVHD standardized the terminology arou
   148  endpoints that are traditional for clinical trials in Crohn's disease, and identify factors that pre
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   156 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffect
   157 e (NHP) studies as well as the RV144 vaccine trial indicate that non-neutralizing antibodies can cont
  
   159  single-center, double-blind, noninferiority trial involving adults with unipolar depression, we rand
  
   161 iours, possibly due to the limited number of trials involving women's groups and context-specific eff
  
  
   164  Multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized trial (July 2013 to final follow-up October 2014) conduc
   165  neural oscillatory activities at the single trial level were further calculated with the inter-trial
   166 TION: Two reviewers independently abstracted trial-level data including population characteristics, i
   167 s of individual neurons varied widely across trials, many cells tended to covary with the local popul
   168 nalyses were carried out separately for each trial (mesh trial and graft trial) some women in the sta
  
  
   171 c) and HIV prevention trials (HIV Prevention Trials Network 039 and Partners in Prevention HSV/HIV Tr
   172 id a phase 4, open-label, cluster randomised trial of 22 communities in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Af
  
   174 e, this is the largest randomised controlled trial of a psychological intervention for a mental healt
   175 CH) study is a cluster-randomised controlled trial of an HIV test-and-treat strategy in 32 rural comm
  
   177 tudy, which is to our knowledge, the largest trial of CIDP to date and the first to study two adminis
   178 ix CAE children in a randomized double-blind trial of ethosuximide, lamotrigine, and valproate had sh
  
   180  clinical efficacy and safety in the FOURIER trial of evolocumab, a monoclonal antibody to proprotein
   181 th lymphoma who were treated in a randomised trial of front-line chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, 
   182  placebo-controlled, multiple-ascending-dose trial of inclisiran administered as a subcutaneous injec
  
  
  
   186 ocarcinoma, Intergroup Trial 0116 (Phase III trial of postoperative adjuvant radiochemotherapy for hi
   187 ed participants from a randomized controlled trial of primary prevention with statin therapy (WOSCOPS
   188  compared a cohort of patients enrolled on a trial of reduced-intensity allo-HSCT with standard GVHD 
   189 dertook a double-blind randomised controlled trial of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements
  
  
  
  
   194 ClinicalTrials.gov for phase II to IV cancer trials of Food and Drug Administration-approved immunoth
   195  patient data from 13 randomized multicenter trials of induction and maintenance regimens in first-li
  
  
  
   199 SEER) database and data from the 10 clinical trials of the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology. 
  
  
  
   203 d, multicenter, phase 3, randomized clinical trial open to patients with biopsy-proven carcinoma of t
  
   205 age 3 to 5 CKD or were receiving dialysis (3 trials), or postmenopausal women with CKD (4 trials).   
  
  
   208 l-world patient population, improve clinical trial participation, and increase patient access to new 
   209 hat included kidney transplant recipients (6 trials), patients who had stage 3 to 5 CKD or were recei
   210 ingle-centre, two-stage, phase 2, single-arm trial, patients (aged >/=16 years) with histologically c
   211 bel, blinded-endpoint, randomised controlled trial, patients aged 70 years or younger with aphasia af
   212      In this randomised, phase 3, open-label trial, patients were screened for eligibility from 52 cl
   213 s In this double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer w
   214 om 13 countries reviewed data from published trials performed through cooperative groups, consortia, 
   215 r events by 25% (P=0.037) during the initial trial phase and the risk of coronary heart disease death
   216 level were further calculated with the inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) measure for the theta and b
   217  reviews, meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials, prospective comparative observational studies, a
   218  The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Prospero, Medline (1946-December week 1 2016), P
   219  TWENTE participants was prespecified in the trial protocol; that of the nonenrolled participants was
  
   221 med a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to assess whether intensive BP lowering in
   222 t 29, 2014, a randomised 2 x 2 x 3 factorial trial recruited 6- to 23-month-old children with MAM in 
  
   224  toward a face or a house that, on different trials, remained the same, changed, or disappeared durin
  
  
  
  
   229 e-masked, randomized noninferiority clinical trials: Rho Kinase Elevated IOP Treatment Trial 1 and 2 
   230  A total of 41 men were enrolled between the trial's activation on August 9, 2011, and closure on Aug
  
  
   233  data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials showed that vitamin D supplementation reduces the
   234 arately for each trial (mesh trial and graft trial) some women in the standard repair arm assigned to
  
   236 much smaller, randomized, placebo-controlled trials specifically designed to evaluate statin therapy 
   237 single-blind, phase 2, randomised controlled trial (SUPEREDEN3) at four specialist early intervention
  
   239 tre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial (TACE 2) in 20 hospitals in the UK for patients wi
   240 multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial that enrolled participants at 38 participating Chi
   241  recommended schema for a randomised phase 3 trial that might potentially answer this question defini
   242 glish-language cohort studies and randomized trials that compared different doses of naloxone, admini
  
  
  
   246   At the 2 x 10(7) PFU dose (used in phase 3 trials), the most common local adverse events versus pla
   247    A multicenter phase 2 randomized clinical trial, the Arginine Deiminase and Mesothelioma (ADAM) st
  
  
   250 sis trial, a 6-month randomized, multicenter trial to test whether a simple, personalized walking exe
   251 rformed a parallel-arm randomized controlled trial to test whether administration of an extensively h
  
  
   254  and create a network of randomized clinical trials to compare outcomes after specific treatment dura
  
   256 These findings support conducting randomized trials to explore risks and benefits of OAT resumption a
   257 usion, may be appropriate subjects of future trials to improve outcomes of children requiring this su
  
   259 tion of the experiment, and thereby discover trial-to-trial variability in the spike-field coherence 
   260 a multi-day fMRI study, participants encoded trial-unique associations that shared features with othe
   261 e Delphi survey was sent to statisticians in trial units who completed the survey of current practice
   262  of Drug Efficacy is a randomized controlled trial using a multiarm, multistage, platform design.    
   263 ssess HSCT in patients enrolled in the ASTIC trial using endpoints that are traditional for clinical 
   264 lot a cluster-randomized, multiple-crossover trial using software tools within the electronic health 
  
   266 he experiment, and thereby discover trial-to-trial variability in the spike-field coherence of a rat 
  
  
  
  
   271  A prospective, international 1:1 randomized trial was conducted to evaluate in a noninferiority desi
  
  
   274 ndomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3 trial was done in 87 centres in 21 countries worldwide. 
  
   276 primary outcome for the phase 3 stage of the trial was overall survival (defined as the time from ran
  
  
  
  
  
   282 open-label, randomised, phase 3, multicentre trial, we enrolled adult patients with CD30-positive myc
   283 is ongoing, multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial, we enrolled adults (aged >/=18 years) with histol
   284      In this randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, we recruited patients at a single tertiary cancer
  
  
   287 Overall, all 1059 patients from the Mainsail trial were included (mean [SD] age, 68.7 [7.89] years). 
  
  
  
   291 us performed a randomized placebo-controlled trial with atorvastatin 40 mg/day for 9 weeks in 14 SPG5
   292 l Gambia.The sample comprised 670 women in a trial with serial weight data (7310 observations) that w
  
  
   295 samples obtained from 3 independent clinical trials with drisapersen, an antisense oligonucleotide ta
  
   297 nt ES estimates were 0.13 and 0.15 larger in trials with inadequate/unknown sequence generation and i
  
   299 human blood serum, by the spike and recovery trials with seawater, tap water, mineral water, and alco
   300 jective decision times (tSDs) were faster on trials with stronger (easier) motion, and they were well
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