ライフサイエンスコーパス: trochlear

1 These fibers travel independent of the trochlear, abducens, and Vidian nerves, but, otherwise,

2 'place maps', and motoneurons in oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nuclei that dictate eye rotations

3 stalled abducens nerve growth and selective trochlear and first cervical spinal nerve guidance abnor

4 Responses of left oculomotor, right trochlear and right abducens nerves were approximately a

5 at arise from dysfunction of the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves and/or the muscles that t

6 the orbit in association with the abducens, trochlear, and Vidian nerves.

7 ateral and medial trochlear inclination, and trochlear angle) and SHFP edema were assessed on MR imag

8 ith measurements in the highest quartile for trochlear angle, bisect offset, and Insall-Salvati ratio

9 These include the oculomotor, trochlear, anterior pretectal, Edinger-Westphal, and the

10 ons, and evidence is provided for a distinct trochlear axon chemorepellent produced by floor plate ce

11 mammalian spinal motor axon development and trochlear axon guidance.

12 tent with a guidance function of Fgf8 during trochlear axon navigation.

13 Trochlear axon projections are largely normal, predictin

14 n attract spinal commissural axons and repel trochlear axons in vitro, but its role in vivo is unknow

15 tissue and Fgf8 protein are attractants for trochlear axons in vitro, while ectopic Fgf8 causes turn

16 gated the possibility that the projection of trochlear axons towards the isthmus and their subsequent

17 decreased signal intensity in distal part of trochlear cartilage (in 28, 28, and 28 patients), (g) ca

18 ach image, the thickness of the patellar and trochlear cartilage was measured in millimeters and divi

19 ology was used to study the effects of acute trochlear (CN4) denervation on the monkey SO.

20 racted spinal commissural axons and repelled trochlear cranial nerve axons in these experiments.

21 tomical nuclei of the normal rat, oculomotor/trochlear (cranial nerve 3/4), hypoglossal (cranial nerv

22 mechanism features were compared, including trochlear depth, lateral trochlear inclination, patellar

23 stance between patellar ligament and lateral trochlear facet (P < .001), and distance from the tibial

24 Conclusion A more anterior trochlear facet, a more laterally displaced patella, and

25 etween the patellar ligament and the lateral trochlear facet, and an increased distance from the tibi

26 stance between patellar ligament and lateral trochlear facet, distance from the tibial tubercle to th

27 trochlear groove depth ), tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove ( TT-TG tibial tuberosity-trochlear gro

28 .5, 4.6; P < .0001), TT-TG tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove (median, 15 mm; 95% CI confidence inter

29 and distance from the tibial tubercle to the trochlear groove (P = .046).

30 y-trochlear groove ( TT-TG tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove ) distance, and patellar height ratio (

31 sed distance from the tibial tubercle to the trochlear groove are associated with superolateral Hoffa

32 Trochlear groove depth ( TGD trochlear groove depth ), t

33 n the contralateral asymptomatic joints, TGD trochlear groove depth (median, 3.0 mm; 95% confidence i

34 le regression analysis demonstrated that TGD trochlear groove depth (P = .026) and BO bisect offset m

35 Trochlear groove depth ( TGD trochlear groove depth ), tibial tuberosity-trochlear gr

36 surements obtained in the control group: TGD trochlear groove depth median, 5.0 mm (95% CI confidence

37 nterval : 2.2, 7.6); TT-TG tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove median, 10.9 mm (95% CI confidence inte

38 kness cartilage injury was introduced in the trochlear groove of 8-week-old mice (n=265) through micr

39 et, distance from the tibial tubercle to the trochlear groove, patellar facet asymmetry, and patellar

40 morphology (sulcus angle, lateral and medial trochlear inclination, and trochlear angle) and SHFP ede

41 compared, including trochlear depth, lateral trochlear inclination, patellar tilt angle, patellar hei

42 ellar tilt angle, and Insall-Salvati ratio), trochlear morphology (sulcus angle, lateral and medial t

43 onship of patellofemoral joint alignment and trochlear morphology to superolateral Hoffa fat pad (SHF

44 These findings support why trochlear motoneurons in turtle respond in the same way

45 nd-order vestibular inputs to oculomotor and trochlear motoneurons may be related to differences in t

46 d rotation evokes significant responses from trochlear motoneurons of turtle that suggests they have

47 rimary dendrites, but not those of facial or trochlear motoneurons.

48 ensory mesencephalic trigeminal, facial, and trochlear motoneurons.

49 l axons project toward floor plate cells and trochlear motor axons extend away from these cells.

50 We show that trochlear motor neurons are born within the isthmic orga

51 with a focus on the trigeminal, facial, and trochlear motor nuclei, as well as the proprioceptive me

52 onergic neurones of the raphenucleus and the trochlear motor nucleus are absent in mol-/- embryos, an

53 vation of the superior oblique muscle by the trochlear nerve (nIV) produces intorsion, elevation, and

54 ion of the proximal cisternal segment of the trochlear nerve and its neurovascular relationships.

55 able in size to the majority of axons in the trochlear nerve and the upper end of the size range in t

56 With this protocol, the trochlear nerve could be visualized on 11 of 12 sides (9

57 ased in three of the individuals, supporting trochlear nerve hypoplasia.

58 the root exit zone of the symptomatic right trochlear nerve in all 6 patients (100%).

59 the root exit zone of the asymptomatic left trochlear nerve in any of the 5 left nerves visualized.

60 picted the proximal cisternal segment of the trochlear nerve in the transverse, sagittal, and coronal

61 Neither the trochlear nerve misprojections nor the phrenic nerve phe

62 genetic background have ventral/ipsilateral trochlear nerve misprojections.

63 It can be differentiated from trochlear nerve palsy by the direction of ocular torsion

64 ver, an in vivo role for netrin signaling in trochlear nerve repulsion has not been observed.

65 The main findings after trochlear nerve sectioning were (1) the amplitude and pe

66 mm, and the maximum visualized length of the trochlear nerve was 1-14 mm.

67 r oblique myokymia (SOM), the anatomy of the trochlear nerve was depicted with three-dimensional (3D)

68 The trochlear nerve was severed intracranially in two rhesus

69 The trochlear nerve was severed intracranially in two rhesus

70 The trochlear nerve was severed intracranially in two rhesus

71 Formation of the trochlear nerve within the anterior hindbrain provides a

72 urovascular contact at the root exit zone of trochlear nerve, and therefore should be considered amon

73 ed with respect to the identification of the trochlear nerve, the distance between the point of exit

74 Like the trochlear nerve, the phrenic nerve phenotype is modified

75 to be caused by vascular compression of the trochlear nerve.

76 neuronal landmarks, including oculomotor and trochlear nerves and cerebellar plate, suggests that bot

77 evoked response of right oculomotor and left trochlear nerves, in which (rightward) control responses

78 r unilateral or bilateral 10-mm intracranial trochlear neurectomy.

79 end essentially the full muscle length after trochlear neurectomy.

80 disector method revealed that the number of trochlear neurons decreased from about 1,600 at day 8.5

81 urons use only ephrin forward signaling, and trochlear neurons do not use ephrin signaling.

82 Previous estimates of numbers of trochlear neurons in the developing chick have been cont

83 s the isthmus, while those of more posterior trochlear neurons project anterodorsally to enter the is

84 Whereas the oculomotor and the trochlear neurons require Phox2a for their proper develo

85 The patient with SOM had arterial-trochlear neurovascular contact at the REZ.

86 An arterial-trochlear neurovascular contact was seen at the root exi

87 the maldevelopment of the oculomotor (nIII), trochlear (nIV) and abducens (nVI) cranial nerve nuclei.

88 al organization of the oculomotor (nIII) and trochlear (nIV) nuclei in the larval zebrafish.

89 on microscopy showed that the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei contain synaptic endings that are immun

90 iMLF) synaptic endings in the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei have been examined by electron microsco

91 otoneuron subdivisions of the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei in the same experiments.

92 Synaptic endings in the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei that are anterogradely labelled by tran

93 neurons, respectively, in the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei.

94 motoneuron populations in the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei.

95 ish peroxidase (HRP) from the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei.

96 ted over a short stretch at the level of the trochlear nucleus and abuts caudally on a second parvalb

97 The calibration was performed on the trochlear nucleus in developing chicks.

98 detected in the posterior hypothalamic area, trochlear nucleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, medial lemniscu

99 eus at the level of the caudal extent of the trochlear nucleus.

100 the resident cranial motor axons at isthmic (trochlear) or r2 (trigeminal) levels of the axis or via

101 otion was recorded from pairs of oculomotor, trochlear, or abducens nerves of an in vitro turtle brai

102 f8 function in vitro affect formation of the trochlear projection within explants in a manner consist

103 nuclei) and motor nuclei (e.g., oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal motor, abducens, and vagal motor n