ライフサイエンスコーパス: trophic

1 "rescue" have been proposed: regenerative or trophic.

2 ob) mice is ineffective, suggesting that the trophic action of leptin is limited to a developmental c

3 Together, these findings reveal that the trophic actions of leptin are contingent upon timing and

4 Long-term (trophic) actions of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides an

5 of increased cell adhesion molecules (CAM), trophic and anti-inflammatory factors.

6 results highlight that the inclusion of both trophic and non-trophic direct and indirect interactions

7 ies are characterized by complex networks of trophic and nontrophic interactions, which shape the dy-

8 en comparing the model networks to empirical trophic and nontrophic webs in two ecological systems.

9 sects, and thus the necessity of using a tri-trophic approach when studying insect-plant interactions

10 songbird species, we explored the effects of trophic asynchrony on avian population trends and potent

11 Such "trophic asynchrony" is hypothesized to have contributed

12 location that inspired the idea of inverted trophic biomass pyramids in coral reef ecosystems.

13 This trophic cascade emerged because reef topography, tidal o

14 ural equation modelling to compare competing trophic cascade hypotheses to explain how dingoes could

15 th published diet data suggest the purported trophic cascade is lacking the empirical linkages requir

16 hrub encroachment by triggering a four level trophic cascade.

17 lacking the empirical linkages required of a trophic cascade.

18 ted using an ecosystem model that allows for trophic cascades (i.e., the depletion of predators and c

19 Given the importance of large animals in trophic cascades and their widespread losses and resulti

20 We contend that trophic cascades induced by apex predator extirpation ma

21 top-down trophic interactions and associated trophic cascades to promote self-regulating biodiverse e

22 Here, we ask if trophic cascades triggered by the extirpation of Austral

23 tically through trophic levels and sometimes trophic cascades via direct consumption and predation ri

24 Apex predators initiate trophic cascades which can influence the abundance of ma

25 t by alternative organisms in the ecosystem, trophic cascades, and humans preferentially impacting sp

26 se both catches and revenue by reversing the trophic cascades.

27 rge reef predators are too diffuse to elicit trophic cascades.

28 nder what specific conditions, they generate trophic cascades.

29 mammalian scavengers and potentially create trophic cascades.

30 ing stable isotopes we tested for changes in trophic chain length and shape over time in these dynami

31 uatic species or other living beings via the trophic chain.

32 Our findings suggest the importance of trophic coherence in modelling local preying patterns in

33 We find that trophic coherence is also a good predictor for the exten

34 Because trophic coherence suppresses feedback, whereas an absenc

35 a network assembly model that admits tunable trophic coherence via a single free parameter.

36 s determined by a structural property called trophic coherence, a measure of how neatly nodes fall in

37 e of hierarchical order in directed networks-trophic coherence.

38 effects may be affected by poorly understood trophic complexity effects and interactions with landsca

39 ture research, notably assessing the role of trophic complexity, interplay with landscape settings, l

40 expression in cells cultured under different trophic conditions (mixotrophic in the presence of aceta

41 alculated flux distributions under different trophic conditions show that a number of key pathways ar

42 e differentially expressed under the various trophic conditions.

43 ogen load in an ecologically relevant, multi-trophic context.

44 del, capable of modeling complex patterns of trophic control for the heavily impacted North Sea ecosy

45 However, the resulting pattern of trophic control in complex food webs is an emergent prop

46 Axon degeneration in response to trophic deprivation was thought to be locally restricted

47 a(15)N), indicating that REE were subject to trophic dilution.

48 t that the inclusion of both trophic and non-trophic direct and indirect interactions is essential to

49 These results indicate that bats exhibit a trophic discrimination factor (TDF) similar to other ter

50 This trophic distribution emerges when community biomass exce

51 higher trophic level individuals, a concave trophic distribution emerges.

52 The concave trophic distribution implies a more direct link between

53 es and their widespread losses and resulting trophic downgrading, it often focuses on restoring funct

54 phenomena driving cetacean ecology, such as trophic dynamics and arms races, have an evolutionary ba

55 amework for understanding warming effects on trophic dynamics.

56 The biomass increase requires increased trophic efficiency, which could arise because of ocean w

57 edation risk increase production of unviable trophic eggs, which assures provisioning of an egg meal

58 provide evidence that IDGF2 is an important trophic factor promoting cellular and organismal surviva

59 Using a trophic factor withdrawal-based model of neurodegenerati

60 y, and motor wt and SOD1 mutant neurons from trophic factor withdrawal-induced degeneration.

61 ns in proinflammatory, antiinflammatory, and trophic factors along with neurotrophic and neurogenesis

62 Surprisingly, the major contributors are trophic factors from the GDNF family and a cytokine, int

63 The gene expression of some trophic factors involved in tissue remodeling was congru

64 portive features, including up-regulation of trophic factors, elevation of cytokines as part of the i

65 lation that enhances neuronal sensitivity to trophic factors.

66 Trophic flexibility has been proposed as a mechanism fac

67 nfigurational fragmentation influences multi-trophic food web dynamics.

68 les corresponded with a reduced capacity for trophic form-loaded dendritic cells to stimulate CD4(+)

69 tic cell response following stimulation with trophic forms alone, with a normal mixture of trophic fo

70 Trophic forms also suppressed the expression of genes re

71 rophic forms alone, with a normal mixture of trophic forms and cysts, or with beta-glucan.

72 lls with trophic forms, but not a mixture of trophic forms and cysts, reduced the expression of MHC c

73 sponses in mice inoculated with a mixture of trophic forms and cysts.

74 We propose that trophic forms broadly inhibit the ability of dendritic c

75 rved in immunocompetent mice inoculated with trophic forms compared to responses in mice inoculated w

76 tory responses in vitro, suggesting that the trophic forms dampen cyst-induced inflammation in vivo.

77 We demonstrate that stimulation with trophic forms downregulated the expression of multiple g

78 Conversely, trophic forms suppress beta-glucan-induced proinflammato

79 uces proinflammatory immune responses, while trophic forms suppress the cytokine response to multiple

80 Stimulation of dendritic cells with trophic forms, but not a mixture of trophic forms and cy

81 Cysts, but not trophic forms, stimulated increased IFN-gamma cytokine c

82 An emerging body of data highlights trophic functions of neurotransmitters on proliferation

83 rong ecological impacts even though they are trophic generalists that rarely feed.

84 These results suggest that green web trophic groups are mainly driven by vegetation parameter

85 ction and vegetation height, while brown web trophic groups are mostly driven by the production and s

86 versity hypothesis', which predicts that all trophic groups covary similarly with the main drivers of

87 diversity hypothesis', where green and brown trophic groups diversity respond to different drivers du

88 a wide range of invertebrate green and brown trophic groups during 100 years of primary succession in

89 The abundances of all trophic groups, aside from predators, decreased with deg

90 arkedly among organisms within taxonomic and trophic groups.

91 f light-independent chlorophyll synthesis in trophic growth.

92 ooth types were not evenly distributed among trophic guilds.

93 Three territorial species, with contrasting trophic habits and expected use of the reef structure, w

94 thern Resident Killer Whale (SRKW) is a high trophic indicator of ecosystem health.

95 erve-responsive neuroendocrine cells exerted trophic influences and potentiated global PanIN organoid

96 of consumption is important for determining trophic influences on ecosystems and predator adaptation

97 o neoplastic neuroendocrine cells capable of trophic influences.

98 of diverse Agaricomycetes and a specialized trophic interaction and ecological community structure b

99 vasive ectophyte, displaying a novel form of trophic interaction between plants and fungi.

100 The trophic interaction modification approach we propose can

101 ings in comparison to frameworks that coerce trophic interaction modifications into pairwise relation

102 At present these 'trophic interaction modifications' are rarely included i

103 act natural enemies of the herbivores, a tri-trophic interaction which has been considered an indirec

104 tential for biogeochemical cycling and multi-trophic interactions along the peninsula to be increasin

105 A revision of the web of trophic interactions among rabbits and their dependent p

106 es species introductions to restore top-down trophic interactions and associated trophic cascades to

107 ful model system to test the effect of multi-trophic interactions and disturbance on metacommunity dy

108 Trophic interactions are central to ecosystem functionin

109 effects resulted in distinct compositions of trophic interactions associated with each host-plant gen

110 play a crucial role in regulating the multi-trophic interactions between plant-herbivore-entomopatho

111 to unite and represent this key group of non-trophic interactions by emphasising the change to trophi

112 tioning of an ecosystem, by triggering multi-trophic interactions for natural enemies, plants and her

113 ossibly due to the challenges of identifying trophic interactions from presence-absence data.

114 t only important for understanding the multi-trophic interactions in an ecosystem, but also would con

115 ic interactions by emphasising the change to trophic interactions induced by modifying species.

116 his non-random patterning of how diverse non-trophic interactions map onto the food web could allow f

117 indirect impacts of ecosystem engineering on trophic interactions should depend on the combination of

118 Shifts in trophic interactions will be especially important when a

119 formation on the contribution of chytrids to trophic interactions, as well as co-evolutionary feedbac

120 xtinction events and reduce the stability of trophic interactions, as well as influence the longer te

121 consequences, potentially disrupting coastal trophic interactions.

122 in the shadow price of a species through its trophic interactions.

123 tly alter the biotic conditions by modifying trophic interactions.

124 s a central pathway supporting the uptake of trophic iron.

125 of different intensities affecting the lower trophic level (krill) may propagate to higher trophic le

126 A Tier Two assessment using a trophic level approach was applied to evaluate the remai

127 lacier-marine habitats by developing a multi-trophic level Bayesian three-isotope mixing model.

128 We also show that variation sets predator trophic level by determining interaction strengths with

129 to greater levels of intermediate and lower trophic level diversity, with omnivorous traits likely b

130 ears and intensities on insect abundance and trophic level during manipulative sheep grazing are not

131 y symbiosis between the third and the fourth trophic level enemies.

132 revealed variations in insect abundance and trophic level in response to continuous sheep grazing in

133 fishers are not selectively removing higher trophic level individuals, a concave trophic distributio

134 Mean trophic level of the assemblage increased modestly with

135 The mean trophic level pattern is explained by trophic replacemen

136 s Lamna ditropis are highly migratory, upper trophic level predators in North Pacific ecosystems.

137 ctions about the structure of food webs: (i) trophic level should increase with predator connectivity

138 0 kg/ha, suggesting that fisheries for upper trophic level species will only be supported under light

139 We found that lower and intermediate trophic level structure increased over time.

140 Although species, trophic level, and means of production are typically con

141 tions became greater with increasing dietary trophic level, as bears and foxes consumed more marine a

142 that species dispersal range increases with trophic level, exploiting pair-approximation techniques

143 eraction strengths should decrease with prey trophic level.

144 lta(15) N in chick feathers, which reflected trophic (level) specialization, was nevertheless an effe

145 If plankton synchrony is altered, higher trophic-level feeding patterns may be modified.

146 vironmental toxins that accumulate in higher trophic-level organisms.

147 al variation is important in affecting upper trophic-level productivity in these marine ecosystems.

148 organic matter source contribution to upper trophic-level species including fish and seabirds ranged

149 rophic level (krill) may propagate to higher trophic levels (capelin and cod).

150 and humans preferentially impacting specific trophic levels [4-6].

151 radation worldwide, it remains unclear which trophic levels above the base of the food web are most v

152 and hence for biogeochemical cycling, higher trophic levels and biodiversity.

153 aist dynamics, but occurring across multiple trophic levels and only during periods of reduced bottom

154 influence energy transfer vertically through trophic levels and sometimes trophic cascades via direct

155 in significant transfer of carbon to higher trophic levels and the deep ocean.

156 ts highlight that phenologies of species and trophic levels can shift at different rates, potentially

157 umptions about carrion produced at different trophic levels could therefore lead ecologists to overlo

158 periodic life history strategy, and for all trophic levels except primary consumers.

159 -term data set ( 60 years) covering multiple trophic levels from phytoplankton to predatory fish.

160 Because marine mammals occupy upper trophic levels in Arctic food webs, they may be useful i

161 rces as they are passed from lower to higher trophic levels in glacial-marine habitats.

162 edation that may ramify and influence higher trophic levels in model agroecosystems.

163 rimary production and the dynamics of higher trophic levels including (small) copepods and a standard

164 dicted pyramid of biomass distribution among trophic levels may be disrupted through trophic replacem

165 Differences in the rate of advance between trophic levels may result in predators becoming mismatch

166 and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to higher trophic levels of the anchialine food web in the Yucatan

167 The distribution of biomass among trophic levels provides a theoretical basis for understa

168 roviding basal energetic resources to higher trophic levels that support subsistence-based human popu

169 ns of TCC and TCS were measured in different trophic levels within a terrestrial food web encompassin

170 he abundance of many species across multiple trophic levels within ecosystems.

171 f environmental conditions, anchovy diet and trophic levels, and passive egg dispersal.

172 t link between primary production and higher trophic levels, and the decrease projected here could be

173 aken up by various fish species at different trophic levels, and were further metabolized once inside

174 netic associations, measured across multiple trophic levels, are likely to provide additional and dee

175 cess and a key energetic link between higher trophic levels, decomposers and primary producers.

176 on have direct or indirect effects on higher trophic levels, from zooplankton organisms to marine mam

177 t often studied in the context of one or two trophic levels, in reality species invade communities co

178 eystone predator might cascade down to lower trophic levels, potentially re-defining the coastal fish

179 ies richness can increase competition within trophic levels, reducing the efficacy of intertrophic le

180 passing c. 250 planktonic species from three trophic levels, sampled in the western English Channel.

181 Although PFOS precursors were present at all trophic levels, they appear to play a minor role in food

182 959 to 1993 and investigating effects across trophic levels, we are able to elucidate pathways by whi

183 s a more direct link between lower and upper trophic levels, which may confer greater energy efficien

184 ntly influence species interactions at lower trophic levels, yet their joint investigation has been p

185 on into the food web, particularly to higher trophic levels.

186 of soil eutrophication propagating to higher trophic levels.

187 c ecosystem with changes from lower to upper trophic levels.

188 interaction strengths with prey at different trophic levels.

189 n, with stronger effects occurring at higher trophic levels.

190 only on primary producers but also on higher trophic levels.

191 complex cascading effects across and between trophic levels.

192 ct of climate change on species at different trophic levels.

193 interactions between organisms of different trophic levels.

194 the tendency of species to feed on multiple trophic levels.

195 to three kingdoms of life, engage in diverse trophic lifestyles, and deploy different infection strat

196 etazoans in the ocean and constitute a vital trophic link within marine food webs.

197 The trophic linkage between marine bacteria and phytoplankto

198 nstead, they must have spread either through trophic links not included in the webs (e.g. shared pred

199 could not have propagated via the documented trophic links.

200 Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were determined thr

201 iloxane (D6), and none of the cVMS displayed trophic magnification.

202 rganic compounds (HOCs) accumulating in high trophic marine species from the southwestern Atlantic Oc

203 ter food webs through a mechanism other than trophic mismatch.

204 us gene families involved in the saprophytic trophic mode, while maintaining orthologs of most known

205 rovide the most comprehensive information on trophic mode-dependent protein expression in cyanobacter

206 cific association pattern according to plant trophic mode.

207 chocystis sp. PCC 6803 can grow in different trophic modes, depending on the availability of light an

208 Synechocystis proteome across four different trophic modes, i.e., autotrophic, heterotrophic, photohe

209 hat are differentially expressed across four trophic modes, proteins involved in nitrogen assimilatio

210 genomes and transcriptomic profiles revealed trophic networks of microbial populations.

211 y act as key players in nutrient cycling and trophic networks.

212 Population variation in trophic niche is widespread among organisms and is of in

213 predation and resource availability on guppy trophic niches by evaluating their gut contents, resourc

214 ontrophic network much more closely than the trophic one, possibly due to the challenges of identifyi

215 e factor in the adult brain, and highlight a trophic pathway that can be targeted to ameliorate dendr

216 formation on the baseline concentrations and trophic patterns for REE in freshwater temperate lakes i

217 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a trophic peptide hormone synthesized by hypothalamic neur

218 oietic stem cells with a means to cycle from trophic-poor to trophic-rich microenvironments.

219 ult to quantify their dietary strategies and trophic position (TP) in situ.

220 edation (LP) sites had a consistently higher trophic position and proportion of invertebrates in thei

221 index (BMI) and higher proportions of lower trophic position food resources consumed.

222 as expanded dietary breadth without shifting trophic position in its introduced range.

223 suggest a predictable but profound effect of trophic position on fluctuations and extinction in natur

224 Higher trophic position was also associated with lower benthic

225 Realistic estimates of gull trophic position were obtained using bird Glu and Phe de

226 4)S at the base of the food web more so than trophic position within the food web.

227 zooplankton declined as a function of their trophic position, as determined by functional feeding gr

228 tely, depending on their dispersal range and trophic position.

229 ing higher in the food web and increasing in trophic position; and (2) trophic transfer through the f

230 law distribution of APT from basal to upper trophic positions was detected.

231 Trophic primary and secondary consumer insects were nega

232 We exposed multi-trophic protist microcosm landscapes with one predator,

233 The validity of the coral reef inverted trophic pyramid has been questioned, but until now, was

234 This huge biomass of predators makes the trophic pyramid inverted.

235 data spanning >250 coral reefs, we show how trophic pyramid shape varies given human-mediated gradie

236 han the estimates that suggested an inverted trophic pyramid.

237 bsence of energy subsidies [1], bottom-heavy trophic pyramids are expected to predominate, based on e

238 On coral reefs, managing for 'concave' trophic pyramids might be a win-win for people and ecosy

239 tion that pristine coral reefs have inverted trophic pyramids, with disproportionally large top preda

240 s, which concentrate energy from other local trophic pyramids.

241 In accordance with the trophic rank hypothesis, both habitat loss and fragmenta

242 ted regulator of Hsc70-mediated transport of trophic receptor cargo between the early and late endoso

243 l, and anal glands, are revealing unforeseen trophic relationships with biological control implicatio

244 mong trophic levels may be disrupted through trophic replacement by alternative organisms in the ecos

245 e mean trophic level pattern is explained by trophic replacement of herbivorous fish by sea urchins a

246 tric phenological shifts between its primary trophic resources, sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) a

247 supporting a broad role for this pathway in trophic responses.

248 Trophic rewilding is an ecological restoration strategy

249 Trophic rewilding is increasingly being implemented for

250 s with a means to cycle from trophic-poor to trophic-rich microenvironments.

251 The trophic role of tiger sharks is therefore both context-

252 g beneficial or adverse functions, including trophic Schwann cell support for neurons, promotion of r

253 Annual variation in trophic segregation depended on relative prey availabili

254 This narrow trophic specialisation abridges the sugar uptake, althou

255 ble diversity in microhabitat occupation and trophic specializations, but information on how vision r

256 vity among three sea turtle species across a trophic spectrum provide strong evidence that an ecologi

257 l pathogen Pneumocystis murina consists of a trophic stage and an ascus-like cystic stage.

258 latory role in gene regulation under diverse trophic states.

259 n mHTT enhanced BDNF delivery to restore the trophic status of BACHD striatal neurons.

260 n northern Wisconsin that vary in hydrology, trophic status, and landscape position.

261 ems may be relatively resilient to shifts in trophic status, due to a redirection of production to th

262 Pacific Northwest U.S. reservoirs of varying trophic status, morphometry, and management regimes.

263 to control for the effect of changes in lake trophic status.

264 sible combined effects of geography and lake trophic status.

265 expression, but signaling pathways allowing trophic stimuli to induce Lin28 have remained uncharacte

266 Omnivory is a common trophic strategy, but what determines the balance of pla

267 te change has the potential to modify stream trophic structure and function (e.g., alter rates of det

268 Our results indicate that the trophic structure of an unexploited reef fish community

269 tabolic diversity and the overall ecological trophic structure of SLiMEs.

270 mmunities across all rooms in houses exhibit trophic structure-with both generalized predators and sc

271 oplankton production drives marine ecosystem trophic-structure and global fisheries yields.

272 promoting phagocytic clearance and providing trophic support to ensure tissue repair and maintain cer

273 e also relatively chemoresistant and provide trophic support to neuroendocrine tumour cells, consiste

274 , because they include genes associated with trophic support, programmed cell death, microtubule disa

275 ancy of the intermediate consumer in the tri-trophic system, though it decreases those of both basal

276 ribes the site occupancy of species in a tri-trophic system.

277 fluence prey populations and cascade through trophic systems.

278 Additionally, MR766 is highly trophic toward primitive trophoblast, which may put the

279 edicting future range shifts should consider trophic traits of aquatic NIS as these traits are indica

280 y Tubifex worms poses a significant risk for trophic transfer and biomagnification of microplastics u

281 oducts warrant a careful evaluation of their trophic transfer and consequent ecological impact.

282 kinetics during direct soil exposure versus trophic transfer and elucidate its relative accumulation

283 ions, we develop a model for MeHg uptake and trophic transfer at the base of marine food webs.

284 exposed to contaminated soil were lower than trophic transfer by consumption of W-contaminated cabbag

285 Presented here is a mathematical model of trophic transfer driven by nanomaterial surface affinity

286 cting phytoplankton and fish, (ii) depresses trophic transfer efficiencies in the tropics and, less c

287 , less critically, (iii) associates elevated trophic transfer efficiencies with benthic-predominant s

288 hic energy flows from phytoplankton to fish, trophic transfer efficiencies, and fishing effort can qu

289 in the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila via trophic transfer from bacterial prey (Pseudomonas aerugi

290 indow through which to examine ecosystem and trophic transfer mechanisms in cases of accidental disse

291 erica, but the background concentrations and trophic transfer of these elements in natural environmen

292 and increasing in trophic position; and (2) trophic transfer through the food web was more efficient

293 ze accumulation in periphyton and subsequent trophic transfer to benthic grazers.

294 To assess possible ENM trophic transfer, cerium accumulation from cerium oxide

295 a potential health threat to humans through trophic transfer.

296 , (2) Taylor's law and (3) low efficiency of trophic transference.

297 Trophic variation in food web structure occurs among and

298 ve of TMFs, which are also influenced by the trophic web characteristics.

299 stems, which could have large effects on the trophic webs and biogeochemical cycles of estuaries and

300 bal primary production and their key role in trophic webs.