ライフサイエンスコーパス: tropic

1 howed evidence of greater persistence in the tropics.

2 n the subtropics and cool anomalies over the tropics.

3 rt ozone rich dry stratospheric air into the tropics.

4 m functioning worldwide, particularly in the tropics.

5 ospheric circulation that affects the entire tropics.

6 me, dengue epidemics continue throughout the tropics.

7 e the most extensive peatland complex in the tropics.

8 es of mammal and bird populations across the tropics.

9 ain passes to be effectively "higher" in the tropics.

10 use and land cover change (LULCC) across the tropics.

11 bservatory are relevant to clouds across the tropics.

12 compare the Barbados region and the broader tropics.

13 is secondary and tends to be confined in the tropics.

14 ater C cost of N acquisition compared to the tropics.

15 d-level clouds (TMLCs) are ubiquitous in the tropics.

16 pical gyres, with intermediate values in the tropics.

17 ported for stingless bee honeys from the neo-tropics.

18 uring the recent period, particularly in the tropics.

19 ch air of stratospheric origin deep into the tropics.

20 s three times lower at the poles than in the tropics.

21 een the regional biases and those across the tropics.

22 rm soil phosphorus fixation elsewhere in the tropics.

23 efficiency is lowest (0.42-0.44) in the wet tropics.

24 nderstand long-term land cover trends in the tropics.

25 e threat of chikungunya outbreaks beyond the tropics.

26 stood energetic strategies of animals in the tropics.

27 with thermal coupling playing a role in the tropics.

28 erging snake-borne parasitic zoonosis in the tropics.

29 sizes and higher size diversity than in the tropics.

30 upper troposphere (200-100 hPa) of the deep tropics.

31 od for over 800 million throughout the humid tropics.

32 irculation, impacting climate far beyond the tropics.

33 sthma symptoms in a population living in the tropics.

34 s from around the world, from deserts to the tropics.

35 an species-rich, developing countries in the tropics.

36 nsity, broad-scale CO2 observations over the tropics.

37 ve sustainable livestock productivity in the tropics.

38 potential for species losses throughout the tropics.

39 to afforestation, with larger P loss in the tropics.

40 for a substantial disease burden across the tropics.

41 espread 'woodland resurgence' throughout the tropics.

42 line R d increases R p and especially in the tropics.

43 study climate-phenology relationships in the tropics.

44 shifts via energy flux perturbations in the tropics.

45 sative agents of cutaneous ulcer (CU) in the tropics.

46 xtratropical variability also can affect the tropics.

47 diversification dynamics through time in the Tropics.

48 carbon intensive monitoring plots across the tropics.

49 deepest and most extended peat areas in the tropics.

50 ce of greater numbers of rare species in the tropics.

51 and higher nitrogen:phosphorus ratios in the tropics.

52 nama and presumably elsewhere in the lowland tropics.

53 ublic health strategies to control CU in the tropics.

54 major impacts on rain-fed agriculture in the tropics.

55 ented extents and volumes of peatland in the tropics (1.7 Mkm(2) and 7,268 (6,076-7,368) km(3) ), whi

56 ts from intra- to inter-specific towards the tropics [1].

57 he fused map, we estimated AGB stock for the tropics (23.4 N-23.4 S) of 375 Pg dry mass, 9-18% lower

58 es from a wide phylogenetic range (3 FDPs in tropics, 5 in subtropics and 5 in temperate zone) and co

59 n to structural carbon is highest in the wet tropics (85-88%) in contrast to higher latitudes (73-82%

60 ant gp140 Env protein (derived from the dual-tropic 89.6 virus), which was efficiently recognized by

61 itudes became a stronger carbon sink and the tropics a stronger carbon source, caused by trait-induce

62 erences in climatological regimes within the tropics affect processes mediating species coexistence.

63 Moreover, AAVrh10 has higher tropic affinity to large myelinated and small peptidergi

64 onsequence of higher species richness in the tropics, also suggesting that competition shifts from in

65 observed several differences between T cell-tropic and macrophage-tropic Env proteins, including fun

66 l entry gene from subject-matched macrophage-tropic and T cell-tropic viruses to identify entry featu

67 phenotypes between that of "true" macrophage-tropic and T cell-tropic viruses, which may represent ev

68 env genes of well-defined, subject-matched M-tropic and T-tropic viruses to characterize the phenotyp

69 HIV while remaining fully susceptible to X4-tropic and vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G)-pseudoty

70 enta) is an important root crop in the humid tropics and a valuable source of essential mineral nutri

71 odels and tipping point analyses suggest the tropics and arctic/boreal zone carbon-climate feedbacks

72 Hypoxic events in the tropics and associated mortality events have likely been

73 es to climate warming may be greatest in the tropics and at low elevations because mean temperatures

74 in streams, which is mainly microbial in the tropics and detritivore-mediated at high latitudes.

75 y of species assemblages, but especially the tropics and ectotherms remain understudied.

76 in precipitation are largely located in the tropics and hence are probably associated with convectio

77 tencies and show that large eruptions in the tropics and high latitudes were primary drivers of inter

78 time: first, that recovery is longest in the tropics and high northern latitudes (both vulnerable are

79 he initial transition of Pooideae out of the tropics and into the temperate zone.

80 ple food for about 800 million people in the tropics and sub-tropical regions of the world.

81 Overall the mean N2O-EF was 1.2% for the tropics and sub-tropics, thus within the uncertainty ran

82 ngue fever is a disease in many parts of the tropics and subtropics and about half the world's popula

83 so increase robustly with warming across the tropics and subtropics in an ensemble of state-of-the-ar

84 ect increases in summertime mean CAPE in the tropics and subtropics in response to global warming, bu

85 educes tropospheric relative humidity in the tropics and subtropics, in conjunction with a widening o

86 er mass flowering and fruiting events in the tropics and subtropics, which are frequently cued by cli

87 an important parasitic disease found in the tropics and subtropics.

88 riae causes malaria in humans throughout the tropics and subtropics.

89 rsion of deep Southern Ocean waters into the tropics and subtropics.

90 cted PADDD events across 44 countries in the tropics and subtropics.

91 extreme rainfall rates in any region of the tropics and subtropics.

92 erences between land and sea and between the tropics and temperate-polar regions.

93 tropical cooling and rainfall climate in the tropics and the mid-latitude belt of the westerlies oper

94 per efforts to quantify C budgets across the tropics and to model tropical forest-climate interaction

95 initions inflate forest estimates across the tropics and undermine conservation goals, leading to ina

96 ein in conjunction with the expansion of the tropics and vice versa for the North Atlantic.

97 es and growth forms and strongest in the wet tropics and within deciduous angiosperms.

98 presses trophic transfer efficiencies in the tropics and, less critically, (iii) associates elevated

99 e against wild-type HIV-1IIIB (subtype B, X4-tropic) and HIV-1 97USSN54 (subtype A, R5-tropic) with E

100 f polar water at the surface, sinking in the tropics, and filling the deep ocean with warm water.

101 half of the world's population lives in the tropics, and future changes in the hydrological cycle wi

102 lly propagated root crop widely grown in the tropics, and often disseminated through extension servic

103 Phosphorus-fixing soils occur mainly in the tropics, and render added phosphorus less available to c

104 e pathophysiology of mosquito allergy in the tropics, and some of them might be important arthropod-r

105 +/- 0.3 for rubber plantations in the humid tropics; and (ii) land use management policies should pr

106 ips among all plots at 1 ha scale across the tropics are absent, and within continents are either wea

107 However, the tropics are also hotter, and most physiological rates in

108 an species from higher latitudes because the tropics are hotter.

109 nza mortality in developing countries in the tropics are lacking.

110 School children living in the tropics are often concurrently infected with plasmodium

111 The tropics are predicted to become warmer and drier, and un

112 ions, but the extent to which the biodiverse tropics are similarly affected is poorly known due to a

113 udies reveals that many regions in the (sub-)tropics are understudied.

114 Formulation of these compounds in liver-tropic biodegradable, biocompatible nanoparticles confer

115 among logged and unlogged forests across the tropics, Burivalova et al. found that despite some varia

116 CCR5 (R5)-tropic, but not CXCR4 (X4)-tropic, HIV-1 is associated w

117 the oceans, coastal areas, and parts of the Tropics, but photosynthesis is severely inhibited for th

118 The patient's HIV was CCR5-tropic by genotypic and phenotypic analyses.

119 t from the development of highly human liver-tropic capsids, the use of alternative strategies to ach

120 the frequency of mucosal and circulating gut-tropic CCR9(+) Th1 and Th17 T cells.

121 We found that most skin-tropic CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells are resident in the skin le

122 ged with SHIV89.6P, a highly pathogenic dual-tropic chimeric SIV-HIV viral strain that results in rap

123 s revealed an association between epithelial-tropic CMV neutralizing titers and a reduced risk of cCM

124 gest natural geographic source of CH4 in the tropics, consistently underestimate the atmospheric burd

125 individuals were nearly all tightly non-mac-tropic, contrasting with previous data for neuro-AIDS pa

126 following immunization with epithelial cell-tropic DB or gH pentamer-deficient DB preparations, (v)

127 in the final product, (iii) epithelial cell-tropic DB particles are recovered from a single round of

128 ability and land-sea thermal gradient in the tropics due to anthropogenic warming, favouring an incre

129 haracterize the phenotypic features of the M-tropic Env protein.

130 erences between T cell-tropic and macrophage-tropic Env proteins, including functional differences wi

131 ue of 4/12 N/MC individuals, (ii) macrophage-tropic Envs in brain tissue formed compartmentalized clu

132 distinct from non-macrophage-tropic (non-mac-tropic) Envs recovered from the spleen or brain, (iii) t

133 hronous responses to climatic regimes in the tropics, even among similarly distributed taxa.

134 about the potential threat of hypoxia in the tropics, even though the known risk factors, including e

135 cements can grow to extreme distances in the tropics, even under relatively mild warming scenarios.

136 induction of laccase, a Th2-skewing and CNS tropic factor.

137 lar level with the most prevalent human cell-tropic FeLV variant, FeLV-B.

138 t) and to the region of interest (global vs. tropics for instance).

139 traced to a single, C-C chemokine receptor 5-tropic founder virus with shorter, less glycosylated var

140 Hypothesis posits that the warmer, aseasonal tropics generates populations with higher and narrower t

141 rticularly in the Central and South American tropics, had the highest plant richness.

142 century plant geographers noted that the wet tropics harbor plants with exceptionally large leaves, t

143 cin interferes with viral entry of CCR5 (R5)-tropic HIV and with basal transcription of the HIV LTR,

144 igh levels of MIP chemokines, which block R5-tropic HIV entry.

145 ing replication of R5 HIV but not CXCR4 (X4)-tropic HIV in primary cells.

146 Our study demonstrates that X4-tropic HIV sharply declines in most patients during succ

147 s a highly conserved phenotype of macrophage-tropic HIV strains and that this phenotype can persist i

148 cells that are specifically resistant to R5-tropic HIV while remaining fully susceptible to X4-tropi

149 subset of high viremic patients harboring R5 tropic HIV, there was a strong correlation between CCR5

150 sistant to CCR5 (R5)-, CXCR4 (X4)-, and dual-tropic HIV-1 and had a survival advantage compared to co

151 e that TFR cells are highly permissive to R5-tropic HIV-1 both ex vivo and in vivo This is likely rel

152 lls are more permissive than TFH cells to R5-tropic HIV-1 ex vivo TFR cells expressed more CCR5 and C

153 These data suggest that emergence of M-tropic HIV-1 includes multiple steps in which a phenotyp

154 genetic intervention against both R5- and X4-tropic HIV-1 infections.

155 genetic intervention against both R5- and X4-tropic HIV-1 infections.

156 s that TFR cells contribute to persistent R5-tropic HIV-1 replication in vivoIMPORTANCE In chronic, u

157 ns in the accessory vpu gene from macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strains conferred partial resistance to GBP

158 nserved feature of infection with macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strains that correlates closely with the ex

159 that compartmentalized and active macrophage-tropic HIV-1 variants are present in the brain tissue of

160 oviral therapy (cART) present with CCR5 (R5)-tropic HIV-1 variants.

161 her cART itself mediates the reduction of X4-tropic HIV-1.

162 one marrow/liver/thymus (BLT) mice with CCR5-tropic HIV-1JRCSF(JRCSF) expressing a vif gene inactive

163 vestigate the ability of fully competent (R5-tropic) HIV-1 to induce BAFF production by monocyte-deri

164 Macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) HIV-1 variants have evolved to infect macrophage

165 CCR5 (R5)-tropic, but not CXCR4 (X4)-tropic, HIV-1 is associated with primary HIV-1 infection

166 ckground and disproportionately occur in the tropics, home of half the world's species.

167 The tropics house around 50 million forest fragments and the

168 In the tropics, house dust mite exposure, a known risk factor f

169 lity of plant-pollinator interactions in the tropics; however, these ideas have not previously been t

170 viability of a variety of parental and bone-tropic human and mouse breast cancer cells at high micro

171 In the absence of therapy, CXCR4 (X4)-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) incre

172 is is a conserved phenotype among macrophage-tropic human immunodeficiency viruses that could contrib

173 equency of extreme water-level events in the Tropics, impairing the developing economies of equatoria

174 and degradation taking place throughout the tropics, improved understanding of the magnitude and spa

175 barrier dividing faunas spanning the monsoon tropics in northern Australia.

176 ptococcus [GAS]) are highly prevalent in the tropics, in developing countries, and in the Indigenous

177 icalis, the principal asthma allergen in the tropics, in which the immune response is focused on the

178 In the dry tropics, including African savannas, many trees grow new

179 f anthropogenic climate forcing occur in the tropics, including increases in probability of at least

180 purified trimeric uncleaved gp145 of a CCR5 tropic Indian clade C HIV-1 (93IN101) from the condition

181 bowel disease, and for the treatment of gut-tropic infections.

182 In the tropics, influenza accounts for excess cardiovascular-re

183 other host factors likely contribute to gene-tropic integration.

184 ents included an increased percentage of gut-tropic integrin beta7-expressing Vdelta2 T cells, while

185 The transport of moisture in the tropics is a critical process for the global energy budg

186 yet their early evolutionary history in the tropics is largely unknown.

187 ory predicts that higher biodiversity in the tropics is maintained by specialized interactions among

188 Deforestation in the tropics is not only responsible for direct carbon emissi

189 Agricultural intensification in the tropics is one way to meet rising global food demand in

190 wards the subtropical North Pacific from the tropics, leading to anomalous cyclonic circulation and l

191 les leads to a dose-dependent, muscle tissue-tropic, lethal infection in C. elegans.

192 The detection of a macrophage-tropic lineage of HIV-1 within the male genital tract st

193 In the tropics, long time-scale oceanic variability precludes d

194 Macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) HIV-1 variants have evolved to infect

195 ests a potential therapeutic target for lung-tropic metastasizing cancers.

196 Treatment with exosomes from lung-tropic models redirected the metastasis of bone-tropic t

197 on of this recently described subset of skin tropic NK cells.

198 alized clusters distinct from non-macrophage-tropic (non-mac-tropic) Envs recovered from the spleen o

199 an environmental factor associated with the Tropic of Cancer.

200 The tropics of Caribbean are experiencing warming and drying

201 diate FPR (2 to 20%) could be either X4/dual-tropic or R5 variants, although the X4 variants made up

202 urning could produce 14 Tg/a of HCOOH in the tropics or 16 Tg/a worldwide.

203 ese frontal effects cannot be ignored in the Tropics or in strong frontal regions in the extratropics

204 raction of this sink probably located in the tropics, particularly in the Amazon.

205 could also promote infection with macrophage-tropic pathogens.

206 SK2b is secreted by skin-tropic Pattern D M-protein strains that also express pla

207 Atmospheric wind bursts in the tropics play a key role in the dynamics of the El Nino S

208 was further confirmed using three macrophage-tropic primary HIV isolates.

209 The tropics produce a range of fruit from tree crops that ca

210 enital tract of subject C018 were macrophage-tropic proteins, while the remaining cloned env genes en

211 remaining cloned env genes encoded R5 T cell-tropic proteins.

212 The relative frequencies of X4-tropic proviral HIV-1 variants were determined by means

213 ralleled by the emergence or expansion of X4-tropic provirus variants.

214 of patients, the documented expansion of X4-tropic provirus was based on the outgrowth of single vir

215 80%) experienced no frequency increase in X4-tropic proviruses during therapy.

216 We showed that (i) macrophage-tropic R5 Envs could be detected in the brain tissue of

217 ction of highly compartmentalized macrophage-tropic R5 Envs in the brain tissue of HIV patients witho

218 Such regions are disproportionately in the tropics, raising the possibility that these ecosystems m

219 e differences; longer growing seasons in the tropics reduce constraints on the seasonal timing of rep

220 ecies richness from temperate regions to the tropics remain equivocal.

221 Using a macrophage-tropic reporter virus tagged with the enhanced green flu

222 nd MIP-1beta and was sufficient to confer R5-tropic resistance to susceptible CD4(+) T cells.

223 istance, confirming the unusual nature of R5-tropic resistance.

224 l stimuli, which lead to an appropriate root tropic response, is currently unknown.

225 OS, presumably H2O2, function in tuning root tropic responses by promoting gravitropism and negativel

226 Therefore, these root tropic responses must be antagonistic to gravitropism.

227 We conclude that root tropic responses to gravity and water are driven by dist

228 39, that was used to derive an infectious R5-tropic SIV lacking a CD4 binding site.

229 As the first non-CD4-tropic SIV, iMac239-DeltaD385 will afford the opportunit

230 As the first truly non-CD4-tropic SIV, lacking the capacity to interact with CD4, i

231 f major world areas, including the New World tropics, Southwest Asia, and China, during a period of p

232 ally analyze net-N2O-N emissions to estimate tropic-specific annual N2O emission factors (N2O-EFs) us

233 trengthening of the HC manifested in a "deep-tropics squeeze" (DTS), i.e., a deepening and narrowing

234 of microglia with the HIV-1SF162 macrophage-tropic strain resulted in increased Beclin1 expression,

235 t maraviroc was capable of blocking the CCR5-tropic strains SIVmac239, SIVsmE543-3, and simian-human

236 , critical to the virulence of many GAS skin-tropic strains, we used high-resolution NMR to define th

237 t the stable environmental conditions of the tropics strongly balance these forces leading to persist

238 IV-1 is typically CCR5 using (R5) and T cell tropic (T-tropic), targeting memory CD4(+) T cells throu

239 pically CCR5 using (R5) and T cell tropic (T-tropic), targeting memory CD4(+) T cells throughout acut

240 production was nearly 3 times greater in the tropics than for any other latitude.

241 that genetic diversity is 27% higher in the tropics than in nontropical regions.

242 r competitive exclusion more strongly in the tropics than it does in temperate and boreal zones, decr

243 looding events from the northwest Australian tropics that we interpret, based on an integrated analys

244 ure level of 460 K (about 20 km or 60 hPa in tropics), the global circulation strength is 6.3-7.6 x 1

245 Previous research has argued that in the tropics, the upper bound on tropospheric mixing and clou

246 teria, including potential pathogens, in the tropics this study compared the abundance of FIB (Total

247 mean N2O-EF was 1.2% for the tropics and sub-tropics, thus within the uncertainty range of IPCC-EF.

248 Because the influenza virus is tropic to the airway epithelium, we investigated the rol

249 ation of the oceans transports heat from the tropics to the mid-latitudes.

250 seawater, sediments, and shorelines from the tropics to the polar regions.

251 We found that, from the tropics to the sub-Antarctic, alien species have the bro

252 We show that in the tropics, transient soil nitrogen deficits following dist

253 from mouse and human lung-, liver- and brain-tropic tumour cells fuse preferentially with resident ce

254 pic models redirected the metastasis of bone-tropic tumour cells.

255 e disproportionately rapid evacuation of the tropics under such a scenario would cause migrants to co

256 report in this study that HIV-1 (X4- and R5-tropic) upregulates BAFF expression and secretion by hum

257 We derived a novel CD4-independent, CCR5-tropic variant of the pathogenic molecular clone SIVmac2

258 Most M-tropic variants have been isolated from the central nerv

259 t with active viral expression by macrophage-tropic variants in the brain tissue of some individuals,

260 (False Positive Rate (FPR), 3.5%; R5- or X4 tropic variants occurring at less than 2% of the total v

261 ly resistant to HIV infection by blocking R5-tropic viral entry.

262 arr virus (EBV) is a well-established B-cell-tropic virus associated with various lymphoproliferative

263 The detection of active macrophage-tropic virus expression, and probably replication, indic

264 I-scFv X5 are resistant to R5-, X4-, or dual-tropic virus infection ex vivo In a preclinical study us

265 can swine fever virus (ASFV) is a macrophage-tropic virus responsible for ASF, a transboundary diseas

266 M-tropic viruses also displayed a trend toward resistance

267 rongly suggests that evolution of macrophage-tropic viruses can occur in anatomically isolated sites

268 The paired M- and T-tropic viruses did not differ in autologous serum neutra

269 Understanding how CCR5-using macrophage-tropic viruses evolve and differ from CCR5-using T cell-

270 found that, compared to T-tropic viruses, M-tropic viruses infect monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs

271 eptor antagonists against the remaining CCR5-tropic viruses may be indicated.

272 ses evolve and differ from CCR5-using T cell-tropic viruses may provide insights into viral evolution

273 Moreover, muscle-tropic viruses often spread to the CNS, causing dramatic

274 well-defined, subject-matched M-tropic and T-tropic viruses to characterize the phenotypic features o

275 subject-matched macrophage-tropic and T cell-tropic viruses to identify entry features of macrophage-

276 We found that, compared to T-tropic viruses, M-tropic viruses infect monocyte-derived

277 that of "true" macrophage-tropic and T cell-tropic viruses, which may represent evolutionary interme

278 ses to identify entry features of macrophage-tropic viruses.

279 larly cold and dense, it sinks to generate a tropic-ward flow on the ocean floor of the Pacific, Atla

280 In the tropics, water availability is a leading driver of the d

281 rom four sites that range from the arctic to tropics, we determined the abundance of 11 litter chemic

282 Focusing on the tropics, we systematically reviewed the literature to: (

283 27 bat assemblage data sets from across the tropics, we used correlations between original data sets

284 B. anynana lives in the African tropics where warm rearing temperatures of the wet seaso

285 ith slow life histories, particularly in the tropics, where climate variation over large-scale space

286 more empirical studies, especially from the tropics, where plant-animal dispersal mutualisms are bot

287 changes in bee community composition in the tropics, where pollination limitation is most severe and

288 d by poor representation of species from the tropics, where temperature isotherms are moving most rap

289 ange occurs nowhere more rapidly than in the tropics, where the imbalance between deforestation and f

290 g mutualistic bacteria(7)) are common in the tropics, whereas obligate fixers (less able to downregul

291 xcept for evergreen broadleaf forests in the tropics, which are very isohydric, and croplands, which

292 temperatures and low precipitation over the tropics, while the growth rate of atmospheric carbon dio

293 ely expected that habitat destruction in the tropics will cause a mass extinction in coming years, bu

294 In the next 20 years, the tropics will experience unprecedented warming, yet there

295 d-level distributions, located mainly in the Tropics, will experience the largest increases in floodi

296 tudes, while acclimation lowers this for the tropics with increases elsewhere.

297 X4-tropic) and HIV-1 97USSN54 (subtype A, R5-tropic) with EC50's of 0.6 and 0.9 muM, respectively.

298 dominant arthropod predators of the world's tropics, with large nomadic colonies housing diverse com

299 of extant New World monkeys occurred in the tropics, with new divergence estimates for Cebidae betwe

300 nt traits, are also sparsely observed in the tropics, with the most diverse biome on the planet treat