ライフサイエンスコーパス: tropical

1 he co- variability (below 5 km) in the outer tropical (10-25 degrees N) central Pacific Ocean, partic

2 constraint to sorghum production in semiarid tropical Africa and Asia.

3 to show that a Pinatubo-like eruption cools tropical Africa and drives westerly wind anomalies in th

4 s worldwide, especially the large mammals of tropical Africa, Asia and South America.

5 eeds of Allanblackia floribunda, a tree from tropical Africa, have traditionally been used in food pr

6 cross the woodlands and savannas of southern tropical Africa.

7 pitation reduction across the equator in the tropical Americas associated with Heinrich event 2 is su

8 developing countries in Asia, Africa and the tropical Americas.

9 erglacial (MIS 5e, approximately 128-116 ka) tropical and extratropical North Atlantic cyclones may h

10 creased embryonic temperature in free-living tropical and north temperate songbird species to test th

11 tions indicate that SOA are mostly liquid in tropical and polar air with high relative humidity, semi

12 t N2O emissions from agricultural systems in tropical and sub-tropical regions.

13 mits papaya (Carica papaya L.) production in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world.

14 Uncertainty in the future of tropical and subtropical drylands is well constrained, w

15 This is the most prominent feature in most tropical and subtropical hydroclimate proxies.

16 large fraction of primary production in the tropical and subtropical ocean.

17 crobial loads and air-sea exchanges over the tropical and subtropical oceans based on the data collec

18 Plankton samples from the tropical and subtropical Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oc

19 a major cause of morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

20 and dengue shock syndrome and is endemic to tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

21 global health by causing major outbreaks in tropical and subtropical regions, with no available dire

22 s mosquitos and is major cause of disease in tropical and subtropical regions.

23 Differential warming of tropical and temperate biomes could result in a similar

24 trient for BNF in many ecosystems, including tropical and temperate forests.

25 cover an unpredicted speciation event in the tropical Andes that gave rise to a sibling species, form

26 related with these springtime patterns: warm tropical Atlantic and cold northeast Pacific sea surface

27 BI (10 667 +/- 1299 copies ml(-1) ) and the tropical Atlantic for BII (4125 +/- 339 copies ml(-1) ).

28 We identify changes in tropical Atlantic mean state and variability caused by t

29 Verde Atmospheric Observatory in the remote tropical Atlantic Ocean.

30 authors report high microbial loads over the tropical Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans and propose

31 y-2 are used to characterize the response of tropical atmospheric CO2 concentrations to the strong El

32 ing of various fuel types that are common in tropical Australia.

33 Major research gaps were revealed, with tropical biomes, protists, and soil macrofauna being esp

34 laxation half-life vs. area relationship for tropical bird communities estimates the time that it tak

35 Most tropical bird species have narrow elevational ranges, li

36 Long development times of tropical birds have been thought to primarily reflect ev

37 This is because light absorption in tropical canopies is near maximal for the entire year, i

38 ideration when optimising policies to manage tropical carbon and biodiversity.

39 we studied the air-sea interaction over the tropical central eastern Pacific from a new perspective,

40 versions, we find evidence of an increase in tropical CH4 emissions of approximately 6-9 TgCH4 yr(-1)

41 sts and miombo in a protected area under dry tropical climate (Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique) u

42 a single root state, which exhibits the most tropical climate during a typical flu season in the U.S.

43 The tropical climate zone has the highest mean rainfall eros

44 We thus predict that tropical coastal communities will be seriously endangere

45 d mangrove development along tide-influenced tropical coastlines.

46 Tropical communities, anchored by mangrove trees and hav

47 approximately even contributions from three tropical continents but dominated by diverse carbon exch

48 driven by the excess precipitation over the Tropical continents during the La Nina.

49 mate carbon emissions in large forest PAs in tropical countries (N = 2018).

50 These results are relevant to other tropical countries and underscore the importance of deve

51 Tropical countries are experiencing a substantial rise i

52 he interaction of diabetes and infections in tropical countries is needed, and the infectious disease

53 throughout Latin America, particularly among tropical countries with irregular influenza seasonality.

54 nown about this gene family in the important tropical crop cassava (Manihot esculenta).

55 misphere effectively modulate North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the following years.

56 adings lead to more favorable conditions for tropical cyclone development compared with the orbital f

57 ationship between the two common measures of tropical cyclone intensity, the central pressure deficit

58 d major cities, it reminded us of the threat tropical cyclones (TCs) pose in the eastern North Pacifi

59 Tropical cyclones are renowned for their destructive nat

60 causes overall flood heights associated with tropical cyclones in New York City in coming centuries t

61 We used a 20-year data set on tropical cyclones in the Indian Ocean, tracking data fro

62 ark-recapture data to explore the impacts of tropical cyclones on the survival of adult and juvenile

63 f Bengal, subjected to monsoonal forcing and tropical cyclones, displays a complex field of ocean edd

64 ges are derived from large sets of synthetic tropical cyclones, downscaled from RCP8.5 simulations fr

65 associated with more than half of the known tropical dead zones worldwide, with >10% of all coral re

66 Tropical deforestation is responsible for around one ten

67 tion and climate benefits from reductions in tropical deforestation.

68 atopic disorders have been conducted in (sub)tropical developing countries where exposure to multiple

69 Most well established neglected tropical disease (NTD) programs have seen great progress

70 epidemiology of schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by a chronic infection with para

71 Schistosomiasis is a debilitating tropical disease caused by infection with parasitic bloo

72 bout the actual prevalence of this neglected tropical disease in the United States, and the bulk of t

73 Melioidosis is a neglected tropical disease that is caused by the bacterium Burkhol

74 cerans, the causative agent of the neglected tropical disease, Buruli ulcer, produces a cytotoxic mac

75 Interventions against neglected tropical diseases (NTD), including lymphatic filariasis

76 The concept of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) emerged more than a decade ago

77 Together, malaria and the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) kill more than 800,000 people a

78 is amongst the ten most important neglected tropical diseases but knowledge on the diversification o

79 Developing research in infectious and tropical diseases in Africa is urgently needed to better

80 argest increase in feedback occurring in the tropical East Pacific.

81 at hunting in both protected and unprotected tropical ecosystems are urgently needed to avoid further

82 cesses, and evidence increasingly shows that tropical ecosystems have higher rates of diversification

83 The carbon balance of tropical ecosystems remains uncertain, with top-down atm

84 le is known about other habitats such as dry tropical ecosystems.

85 e an important feature of marine and coastal tropical ecosystems.

86 ted from diverse Arctic, temperate, and (sub)tropical ecosystems.

87 tem functioning, and is widely used to study tropical ecosystems.

88 Ants are diverse and abundant, especially in tropical ecosystems.

89 emperature and precipitation) in structuring tropical ectothermic assemblages is greater in regions w

90 n regions with rainy summers, coexistence of tropical ectothermic species may be determined by the pa

91 o reflect trends in temperature variability: tropical ectotherms evolve to be 'thermal specialists' b

92 Conversely, tropical ectotherms facing dry summers would have fewer

93 We conclude that tropical elevational generalism is rare due to evolution

94 ) yield causing early blight (EB) disease in tropical environment.

95 ty in habitat use to affect populations of a tropical, estuarine-dependent large-bodied fish Common S

96 We studied how communities of tropical, eusocial stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) d

97 f longevity (LL) varies more than 20-fold in tropical evergreen forests, but it remains unclear how t

98 Stratospheric aerosols from large tropical explosive volcanic eruptions backscatter shortw

99 improve gel qualities in FPI and surimi from tropical fish like tilapia.

100 urements over a twelve-month period from the tropical, fluvio-deltaic Bengal Aquifer System (BAS), th

101 eases the deadwood carbon pool, estimates of tropical forest carbon should at a minimum use different

102 Changes in tropical forest carbon sink strength during El Nino Sout

103 gradients in environmental conditions affect tropical forest carbon.

104 We hypothesize that if tropical forest caterpillars are climate and resource sp

105 d leaf water repellency, in a series of nine tropical forest communities occurring along a 3300-m ele

106 rtebrate seed dispersers to profoundly alter tropical forest composition.

107 , that Homo sapiens has actively manipulated tropical forest ecologies for at least 45,000 years.

108 en into account when studying and conserving tropical forest ecosystems today.

109 rest fragments and the length of the world's tropical forest edges sums to nearly 50 million km.

110 ould ensue from disturbance of all remaining tropical forest habitats.

111 use a common garden experiment in a lowland tropical forest in Panama to show that communities of se

112 litter addition and removal experiment in a tropical forest in Panama.

113 ive DTR trends, while the west coast and sub-tropical forest in the north-east show positive trends.

114 ed practical insight into contemporary human-tropical forest interactions.

115 oil, a commodity responsible for substantial tropical forest loss.

116 Tropical forest productivity is sustained by the cycling

117 However, our understanding of tropical forest response and feedback to climate change

118 y reduce uncertainty in our ability to model tropical forest responses to future climate.

119 Plant-available boron is uniformly low in tropical forest soils of Panama and is not significantly

120 significant implications for CO2 losses from tropical forest soils under future rainfall changes.

121 These emission rates match those from tropical forest soils, the world's largest natural terre

122 oxicity at concentrations likely to occur in tropical forest soils.

123 ) to predict carbon fluxes of a Puerto Rican tropical forest under realistic climate change scenarios

124 ollinator species across more than 690 ha of tropical forest.

125 lux and microbial community composition in a tropical forest.

126 erannual variability in the dynamics of this tropical forest.

127 nfall slowed rates of C cycling, but in warm tropical forests (> 20 degrees C) it consistently enhanc

128 substantially augments carbon emissions from tropical forests and must be taken into account when ana

129 African tropical forests are generally considered less diverse t

130 Tropical forests are global centres of biodiversity and

131 cades and, under a warmer and drier climate, tropical forests are likely to be net sources of carbon

132 Tropical forests are undergoing land use change in many

133 As tropical forests can have any combination of tree divers

134 Tropical forests contain the bulk of the biosphere's car

135 Tropical forests dominate global terrestrial carbon (C)

136 ng present-day societies, which also rely on tropical forests for a variety of ecosystem services.

137 igate adverse impacts of mining and conserve tropical forests globally, environmental assessments and

138 Significant human impacts on tropical forests have been considered the preserve of re

139 t and show that 19% of the remaining area of tropical forests lies within 100 m of a forest edge.

140 A warming and drying climate for tropical forests may yield a weakened carbon sink from b

141 e long-term effects of a changing climate on tropical forests must take into account this environment

142 The tropical forests of Borneo and Amazonia may each contain

143 studies to test this hypothesis for lowland tropical forests of Panama.

144 lar to the above-ground carbon stocks of the tropical forests of the entire Congo Basin.

145 eae; Polypodiales) occurs exclusively in the tropical forests of the Malay Archipelago, the Admiralty

146 Correctly simulating flux seasonality at tropical forests requires a greater understanding and th

147 logical parameters that drive uncertainty in tropical forests responses to climatic change.

148 ant proportion (9%) of biomass, but in humid tropical forests this ratio varies from 2% in undisturbe

149 Predicting the fate of tropical forests under a changing climate requires under

150 Gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) in tropical forests varies both with the environment and wi

151 presents a frequent, reliable resource (e.g. tropical forests), this form of floral mimicry could rep

152 roduce nondormant seeds, particularly in wet tropical forests, a biogeographic pattern that is not we

153 lly explain isoprene emission variability in tropical forests, and use a model to demonstrate the res

154 t disproportionately affects larger trees in tropical forests, but implications for forest compositio

155 nting of large animals, nearly ubiquitous in tropical forests, could strongly alter selection pressur

156 balance models imply large carbon uptake in tropical forests, direct on-the-ground observations are

157 nd understood component of carbon cycling in tropical forests, especially outside of the Americas.

158 ls to predict future conditions in P-limited tropical forests, especially when combined with data on

159 In several seasonally dry tropical forests, this trend is reversed, as dry-season

160 veground wood productivity) of nutrient-poor tropical forests.

161 limiting factor constraining tree growth in tropical forests.

162 seasonality of carbon exchanges in Amazonian tropical forests.

163 component controlling the carbon balance in tropical forests.

164 laining the maintenance of tree diversity in tropical forests.

165 d survivorship of seedlings in deeply shaded tropical forests.

166 es: six from temperate forests and four from tropical forests.

167 llenge for estimating isoprene emission from tropical forests.

168 al for diversity maintenance in species-rich tropical forests.

169 cycling via decomposing organic material in tropical forests.

170 ess underlying the high spatial diversity of tropical forests.

171 culturalists and urban settlements on global tropical forests.

172 Guava is a typically tropical fruit highly perishable with a short shelf-life

173 mption of total, temperate, subtropical, and tropical fruit is associated with T2DM risk and whether

174 f temperate fruit, but not of subtropical or tropical fruit, was associated with lower T2DM risk [HR:

175 riety of surfaces in their natural habitats; tropical geckos, such as Gekko gecko, encounter hard, ro

176 Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan), a tropical grain legume with low input requirements, is ex

177 ol size was larger close to areas containing tropical grasslands during the last glacial maximum, whi

178 extensive boundaries of the oligotrophic sub-tropical gyres collectively define the most extreme tran

179 lobal-mean dP/dTs, consistent with the muted tropical high cloud shrinkage.

180 Reconstructing the history of tropical hydroclimates has been difficult, particularly

181 lim regions are projected to become more sub-tropical, i.e. made dryer via pole-ward expanding subtro

182 f species absent from living collections are tropical in origin.

183 They are also present in the tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans.

184 ut there are no or very scarce data for most tropical infections and for possible biological mechanis

185 DNA barcoding of tropical insects reared by a massive inventory suggests

186 mainly associated with a decrease in marine tropical low cloud (a more positive shortwave cloud feed

187 sely related to extant climbing perches from tropical lowlands in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.

188 We report a complete genome of a filamentous tropical marine cyanobacterium, Moorea producens PAL, wh

189 odels underestimate the rates of interannual tropical-mean dOLR/dTs and global-mean dP/dTs, consisten

190 r to the intermodel spread in the changes of tropical-mean outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and glob

191 63 travel and tropical medicine clinics in 30 countries.

192 London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Well

193 the ecosystem level at six sites comprising tropical, Mediterranean, temperate, and boreal forests.

194 ce wind speed, is a long-standing problem in tropical meteorology that has been approximated empirica

195 Epiphytes are common in tropical montane cloud forests (TMCFs) and play many imp

196 Tropical montane cloud forests (TMCFs) harbour high leve

197 However, tropical mountain peatlands contain extensive peat soils

198 Here we quantify the response of tropical net biosphere exchange, gross primary productio

199 discovered low oxygen eddies in the eastern tropical North Atlantic (ETNA) can produce N2O concentra

200 Once it moved to the tropical Northern Hemisphere in the Eocene, the South As

201 is forced by internal variability within the tropical oceans.

202 indicate that warmer-than-usual SSTs in the Tropical Pacific (including El Nino events) and Atlantic

203 may be causally linked to the warming of the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans.

204 e-based CO2 observations to confirm that the tropical Pacific Ocean does play an early and important

205 ow-pressure conditions that is influenced by tropical Pacific Ocean temperatures through the Pacific-

206 rying PSI gene cassettes are abundant in the tropical Pacific Ocean, composing up to 28% of T4-like c

207 unas in the northern subtropical and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, the Arabian Sea, and the Bay of

208 alously weakened Walker circulation over the tropical Pacific that transports less moisture to the AS

209 both hemispheres are strongly influenced by tropical Pacific variability associated with the El Nino

210 sting of polymetallic nodules in the Central Tropical Pacific will generate plumes of suspended sedim

211 chlorophyll -induced climate feedback in the tropical Pacific.

212 to the concurrent super El Nino event in the tropical Pacific.

213 ing of the distribution, area and volumes of tropical peat and their continental contributions.

214 Asia hosts 38% of both tropical peat area and volume with Indonesia as the main

215 Pristine tropical peat swamp forests (PSFs) represent a unique we

216 es of rapid C accumulation in some inundated tropical peat swamps, although this can lead ultimately

217 America and not Asia contributes the most to tropical peatland area and volume (ca. 44% for both) par

218 ntrale increases the best estimate of global tropical peatland carbon stocks by 36 per cent, to 104.7

219 We use this model to study how tropical peatland carbon storage and fluxes are controll

220 l rainfall patterns and drainage networks on tropical peatland geomorphology and carbon storage.

221 e morphology, and hence carbon storage, of a tropical peatland within a network of rivers or canals.

222 sia and Malaysia, home to 56% of the world's tropical peatland, they are subject to considerable deve

223 elease accompanying growth and subsidence of tropical peatlands are affected by climate and disturban

224 Tropical peatlands now emit hundreds of megatons of carb

225 Abrin expressed by the tropical plant Abrus precatorius is highly dangerous wit

226 sia and Melanesia represent refugia for many tropical plant lineages that originated in the Cretaceou

227 r, substantial declines in total P may drive tropical plantations toward greater P limitation as the

228 teract genetic drift in patchily distributed tropical plants.

229 ong-distance pollinators of many low-density tropical plants.

230 These bees are vital tropical pollinators that exhibit high trait diversity,

231 of total anthropogenic carbon emissions, and tropical protected areas (PAs) that reduce deforestation

232 iderations concerning the ecosystem value of tropical PSFs which are dependent on their unimpacted hy

233 in the Kerala coast and its differences with tropical rain forest and ocean microbiome.

234 hose from disparate mangrove forests and the tropical rain forest, from the ocean.

235 The latitude of the tropical rainbelt oscillates seasonally but has also var

236 References Tropical rainforest (TRF) is the most species-rich terre

237 ur basic understanding of the functioning of tropical rainforest ecosystems.

238 gent, Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis, in a tropical rainforest have severe consequences for local w

239 pressed ants from c. 1 ha plots in a lowland tropical rainforest in Sabah, Malaysia.

240 Using 17 consecutive years of data from tropical rainforest plots in Costa Rica that range from

241 Tropical rainforest regions are urbanizing rapidly, yet

242 Using a fertilization experiment in a tropical rainforest, we evaluated how variable substrate

243 ility to future climate and fire conditions: tropical rainforests are especially vulnerable, whereas

244 Tropical rainforests are subject to extensive degradatio

245 d across 11 residential camps) living in the tropical rainforests of Peninsular Malaysia.

246 c and climatic events pose severe hazards to tropical rainforests.

247 Tropical reefs have been impacted by thermal anomalies c

248 udiness would reduce EVI in this mountainous tropical region.

249 at zoonotic EID risk is elevated in forested tropical regions experiencing land-use changes and where

250 Rapid climate change is anticipated in tropical regions over the coming decades and, under a wa

251 Fruit flies evolved in tropical regions under stable light-dark cycles.

252 he E4 allele is especially prevalent in some tropical regions with a high parasite burden.

253 bean is widely adapted to both temperate and tropical regions, but a changing climate demands a bette

254 the genetic diversity of Pseudomonas spp. in tropical regions, we collected 76 isolates from a Brazil

255 settings, particularly among children and in tropical regions.

256 developing countries and in particular from tropical regions.

257 rom agricultural systems in tropical and sub-tropical regions.

258 regular influenza seasonality and lowest in tropical regions.

259 ial bloom that emerged in a highly urbanized tropical reservoir.

260 In tropical rivers, rainfall drives a periodic flood pulse

261 forest fire (7,000 +/- 170) compared to the tropical savannah fires (1,600 +/- 110), due to the appr

262 Tropical savannas are a globally extensive biome prone t

263 Biotic dispersal of tropical seagrass seeds by dugongs and green sea turtles

264 embly processes in some ecosystems, like the tropical seasonal rainforest in this study.

265 re more predictable, enhancing resilience in tropical secondary forests.

266 de much of the nitrogen (N) required to fuel tropical secondary regrowth and therefore to drive the r

267 Pediatric acute respiratory distress in tropical settings is very common.

268 mmunity settings are scarce, especially from tropical settings.

269 portions for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in tropical Singapore.

270 The unexplored diversity found in the tropical soil is possibly related to biogeographical pat

271 l new species among the 76 isolates from the tropical soil.

272 and extractability of V in highly weathered tropical soils, which are often rich in V compared to so

273 ng the changing hydrological conditions over tropical South America (SA), in particular during abrupt

274 ropic virus 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and multiple scle

275 kemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP).

276 erentiation rates are more tightly linked in tropical species than in temperate species, consistent w

277 Hence, those few tropical species that occur across broad elevational gra

278 l insolation and the bipolar seesaw, whereas tropical SSTs were slightly cooler than the 1870 to 1889

279 was 577.0, 530.4, 513.2, and 336.7 kg/ha for tropical, subtropical, temperate, and boreal forests, re

280 ant amounts of new nitrogen to oligotrophic, tropical/subtropical ocean surface waters.

281 lly unconstrained for warmer subtropical and tropical systems which account for a large proportion of

282 bution of tree species, suggesting that many tropical taxa may be physiologically incapable of tolera

283 s, L.) cultivation has expanded greatly from tropical to temperate zones; however, its sensitivity to

284 ceutical industries show growing interest in tropical tree crops, this study aimed to investigate whe

285 lation of boron supply to seedlings of three tropical tree species revealed no evidence of boron defi

286 tern similar to that observed for the SAD of tropical tree species, thus we conjecture that this migh

287 Syzgium cumini (Jamun) is an evergreen tropical tree, its various parts are known for many ther

288 M) fungi play a key role in the nutrition of tropical trees, yet there has been little experimental i

289 ferent environments (hemiboreal, alpine, and tropical) using a field-based methodology.

290 diversity reflect not only stronger CNDD at tropical versus temperate latitudes but also a latitudin

291 Western boundary currents bring warm tropical water poleward and eastward and are characteriz

292 asses are widely distributed in oligotrophic tropical waters.

293 an interfluvial region, contains the largest tropical wetland area (800,720 km(2) ).

294 an explain 49% of interannual variations for tropical wetland CH4 emissions.

295 Overall, tropical wetland emissions during the strong La Nina wer

296 g activities are urgently needed to quantify tropical wetland extent and rate of degradation.

297 Our isotope data show that tropical wetlands and seasonally inundated floodplains a

298 Methane (CH4 ) emissions from tropical wetlands contribute 60%-80% of global natural w

299 the impacts of the ENSO on CH4 emissions in tropical wetlands for the period from 1950 to 2012.

300 he conservation of apes and other endangered tropical wildlife.