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   1 -induced closure of the regulatory domain of troponin C.                                             
     2 cium binding affinity of fluorescent cardiac troponin C.                                             
     3 o actin as well as increased Ca2+ binding to troponin C.                                             
     4 efects by RNA interference of tropomyosin or troponin C.                                             
     5 129-166) to the regulatory domain of cardiac troponin C.                                             
     6  crossbridge cycling on the Ca2+ affinity of troponin C.                                             
     7 n the absence of calcium-bound human cardiac troponin C.                                             
     8 tes of calmodulin as well as the EF hands of troponin C.                                             
     9 and/or S165 impedes binding of troponin I to troponin C.                                             
    10 d calcium affinity at the regulatory site of troponin C.                                             
    11 acts with the NH2-terminal domain of cardiac troponin C.                                             
    12 lation were carried over to its complex with troponin C.                                             
    13 and the mutant complexed with cardiac muscle troponin C.                                             
    14 ]free represents the amount of Ca2+ bound to troponin C.                                             
    15 re based on the C-terminal domain of Opsanus troponin C.                                             
    16  the mutant as in the case of calmodulin and troponin C.                                             
    17 d sarcomeres containing fast skeletal muscle troponin C.                                             
    18 ractions with negatively charged residues on troponin C.                                             
    19 or the proper regulatory function of cardiac troponin C.                                             
    20 e linked to the decreased Ca(2+) off-rate of troponin C.                                             
    21 etamido-tetramethylrhodamine-labeled cardiac troponin C.                                             
    22 tiated when Ca2+ binds to site II of cardiac troponin C.                                             
    23 d magnesium binding to F29W chicken skeletal troponin C.                                             
  
    25  mixtures of up to five proteins (myoglobin, troponin C, actin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), tropomyos
  
  
    28 ffinity (approximately 3 micromol/L) site on troponin C alters the interactions of proteins in the th
    29 of CARP in cardiomyocytes suppresses cardiac troponin C and atrial natriuretic factor transcription. 
    30 activation is initiated by Ca(2+) binding to troponin C and augmented by strong myosin binding to act
  
    32 2- and COOH-terminal domains in free cardiac troponin C and cardiac troponin C bound cardiac troponin
  
    34 apthalenesulfonamide (W7) as an inhibitor of troponin C and compared its effects with that of the myo
  
    36 sociation constants of glutamate residues on troponin C and of histidine on skeletal troponin I (His-
    37 phobic sites in the N-domain of Ca(2+)-bound troponin C and release of the adjacent TnI-I from actin.
  
  
    40 vity and cooperativity of calcium binding to troponin C and the activation and relaxation rates of tr
    41 nd increases the rate of Ca(2+) release from troponin C and the rate of relaxation in cardiac muscle.
  
    43 letion mutants formed a complex with cardiac troponin C and troponin I that exhibited the same concen
    44 to facilitate productive interaction between troponin C and troponin I to trigger contraction in skel
    45 1-192)) was expressed and reconstituted with troponin C and troponin T to form a mutant troponin.    
  
  
  
    49    TnI is a subunit of the troponin complex (troponin-C and troponin-T being the other two), which, a
    50 er with alpha-tropomyosin (Tpma) and cardiac troponins C and I (Tnni3), forms a calcium-sensitive reg
    51 lve Ca(2+) binding to and release from cTnC (troponin C) and structural changes in cTnC and other thi
    52 (b) the isolated C helix (residues 53-66) of troponin C, and (c) the C helix of the N-terminal region
    53 nce from the calcium binding site in cardiac troponin C, and do not affect either the binding pocket 
  
  
    56 e clone with the highest level of binding to troponin C, and the N-terminal region of troponin I isof
    57 o be crosslinked products Tm*146-TnI, Tm*146-troponin C, and Tm*146-TnT using fluorescence-labeled Tn
    58  isoforms of actin, tropomyosin, troponin I, troponin C, and troponin T is not affected by aging or h
  
    60 to determine incorporation of mutant cardiac troponin C ( approximately 21%) into the KI-TnC-A8V(+/-)
    61 ) dissociation from the regulatory domain of troponin C ( approximately 8.1-fold), which was complete
  
    63 the regulatory N-terminal domain of skeletal troponin-C are a combination of intrinsic and induced pr
    64 resonance yielded dissociation constants for troponin C as low as 0.43 microM for pT5; in contrast, d
  
    66 ation of troponin I reduced its affinity for troponin C, as measured by isothermal titration microcal
    67 f the endogenous Cys-84, labeling of cardiac troponin C at a novel engineered Cys-53 with 2-(4'-iodoa
    68  behavior of two mutants of chicken skeletal troponin C bearing a single tryptophan residue at positi
  
    70 mains in free cardiac troponin C and cardiac troponin C bound cardiac troponin I-(1-80)DD tumble inde
    71 ansverse relaxation rates for intact cardiac troponin C bound to either cardiac troponin I(1-80)/trop
    72 egulatory domain of Ca(2+)-saturated cardiac troponin C bound to the isolated N-domain of cardiac tro
    73 esidues 81-128 do not interact strongly with troponin C but likely serve to modulate the interaction 
    74 d S23 troponin I showed reduced affinity for troponin C but the effect was diminished with respect to
    75 ific N terminus can modulate the function of troponin C by altering the conformational equilibrium of
    76  calcium affinity of the N-domain of cardiac troponin C by facilitating the movement of helices B and
  
  
    79    Here, we utilized seven tight binding CaM-troponin C chimeras, which variably activate nNOS NO syn
    80 he highest-ranked up-regulated gene, cardiac troponin C, codes for a neuronal calcium-binding protein
  
    82 of 2 m urea to the intact cardiac troponin I-troponin C complex significantly increased linker flexib
  
    84 ly 70% of the N-terminal regulatory sites of troponin C consistent with their rapid Ca2+ on-rate (8.7
  
  
    87 rtrophic cardiomyopathy mutations in cardiac troponin C (cTnC) (A8V, C84Y, E134D, and D145E) were rep
    88 lta2-11) interact with the N lobe of cardiac troponin C (cTnC) and that phosphorylation at Ser(23/24)
    89 I(1-32) interacts with the N-lobe of cardiac troponin C (cTnC) and thus is positioned to modulate myo
  
    91  novel mutations (G159D and L29Q) in cardiac troponin C (CTnC) associate their phenotypic outcomes wi
    92 ich a double mutation (E59D/D75Y) in cardiac troponin C (CTnC) associated with dilated cardiomyopathy
    93 myopathy-associated mutant D145E, in cardiac troponin C (cTnC) C-domain, causes generalised instabili
  
  
    96 containing WT cardiac troponin T/I + cardiac troponin C (cTnC) D65A (a site II inactive cTnC mutant).
    97 ecific enhancer-promoter of the slow/cardiac troponin C (cTnC) gene contains five protein binding reg
  
  
  
  
   102 ree subunits, using a monocysteine mutant of troponin C (cTnC) labeled with the fluorescent probe 2-[
   103 e changes include the opening of the cardiac troponin C (cTnC) N-domain, the change of secondary stru
   104 tory N-terminal domain in Ca2+-bound cardiac troponin C (cTnC) presents a much different binding surf
  
   106 residue N-terminal region that binds cardiac troponin C (cTnC) to increase the calcium sensitivity of
   107 ng site in the cardiac-specific slow/cardiac troponin C (cTnC) transcriptional enhancer and overexpre
   108 tetramethylrhodamine (5'ATR)-labeled cardiac troponin C (cTnC) was measured to monitor cTnC structure
   109  function is initiated by binding of Ca2+ to troponin C (cTnC) which induces a series of structural c
   110 ation is initiated by Ca2+ dissociation from troponin C (cTnC), followed by multiple structural chang
   111  The Ca(2+) sensor of the sarcomere, cardiac troponin C (cTnC), plays an important role in regulating
  
  
  
  
   116  the Ca2+ affinity of the regulatory protein troponin C decreases when sarcomere length is reduced.  
   117 on that alternately binds to either actin or troponin C, depending on the intracellular concentration
   118 hat were troponin C-replete, Ca2+ binding to troponin C did not differ at short (approximately 1.97 m
   119   Chimeras that were singly substituted with troponin C domains 4, 3, 2, or 1 were increasingly unabl
   120  parvalbumin, (b) fast off-rate of Ca2+ from troponin C due to an alteration in troponin, and (c) fas
   121 ntration-dependent conformational changes in troponin C during systole leading to sensitization of th
   122 ds that is a member of the CTER (calmodulin, troponin C, essential and regulatory myosin light chains
   123 2+ sensitivity via Ca2+-dependent binding to troponin C, exerts positive inotropic and lusitropic eff
  
  
  
  
  
  
   130  on: (a) the calcium binding and dynamics of troponin C(F29W) complexed with the regulatory fragment 
   131 >10-fold lower affinity of calcium-saturated troponin C(F29W) for troponin I(96-148), causing a drast
  
   133 duction in force recovery, even though these troponin C(F29W) mutants still bound to the thin filamen
  
   135  in the regulatory domain of the fluorescent troponin C(F29W) with polar Gln to examine the effects o
  
   137 predicted from the calcium affinities of the troponin C(F29W)-troponin I(96-148) complexes than from 
  
  
  
   141 affinity of the regulatory domain of cardiac troponin C for cardiac troponin I(129-166) and provides 
   142 y 8-fold decrease in the affinity of cardiac troponin C for the regulatory region of cardiac troponin
   143 s minimally affected the affinity of cardiac troponin C for the regulatory region of cardiac troponin
  
   145 egulatory N-terminal domain of fast skeletal troponin C (fsTnC), and a substantial exposure of a hydr
  
  
  
   149 ng with human cardiac troponin I (HCTnI) and troponin C (HCTnC), and the Ca(2+) dependent isometric f
   150 onstituted with human cardiac troponin I and troponin C (HCTnI.TnC) complex showed a decrease in the 
  
  
  
   154 examine length dependence of Ca2+ binding to troponin C in skeletal muscle, we developed a protocol t
   155    The role of the C-domain sites of cardiac troponin C in the modulation of the calcium signal remai
  
   157 minants of calcium binding and exchange with troponin C in the presence of troponin I provides a deep
  
  
  
  
   162 n of S22/23A also decreased its affinity for troponin C indicating that phosphorylation of S38 and/or
   163 res of functional cardiac and mutant cardiac troponin C insensitive to calcium and permanently inacti
  
  
   166 raction of mutant troponin I with Drosophila troponin C is discussed, along with functional differenc
  
   168 m-saturated troponin I peptide-bound states, troponin C is elongated, having an axial ratio of 4-5.  
   169 the kinetics of Ca(2+) exchange with cardiac troponin C is essential to elucidating the Ca(2+)-depend
   170 se of its large muscle fibers, there are two troponin-C isoforms, called F1 and F2, that have distinc
  
   172 on due to the slower off-rate of Ca(2+) from troponin C leading to longer force and [Ca(2+)] transien
   173 ex allergens (Ani s 1-6, 8, 9, 11 and 12 and troponin C-like protein) showed that the patient serum s
   174 ur allergens (Ani s 1, Ani s 2, Ani s 12 and troponin C-like protein), possibly infested in the raw s
  
   176     Here we show a large decrease in cardiac troponin C linker flexibility, corresponding to residues
   177 troponin I peptide-induced length changes in troponin C may play a role in the mechanism by which the
  
   179    The design of calcium-sensitizing cardiac troponin C mutants presented in this work enhances the u
   180 enerated a series of chicken skeletal muscle troponin C mutants to study the conformation of the regu
  
   182  including cardiac alpha-myosin heavy chain, troponin C, myosin light chain-2v, Nkx-2.5/Csx, dHAND, e
   183 filament activation, the N-domain of cardiac troponin C (N-cTnC) binds to Ca(2+) and interacts with t
  
   185 d mutations A8V, E134D, and D145E in cardiac troponin C on the properties of the C-domain sites.     
  
   187 orrelate with partial opening of the cardiac troponin C regulatory domain previously demonstrated by 
  
  
  
  
  
   193 n general, and for phospholamban and cardiac troponin C S-nitrosylation, in particular, in betaAR-dep
   194 er, mutation of both residues to Cys reduces troponin C's affinity for the troponin complex on the th
   195 both residues 48 and 82 on opposite sides of troponin-C's (TnC's) N-terminal regulatory hydrophobic c
  
   197 /nitrogen chemical shift analysis of cardiac troponin C showed that, in the presence of cTnI-AllP and
  
   199 ns of two of the phage clone sequences bound troponin C specifically, and were specifically competed 
  
  
  
  
  
   205 rminal lobe of cTnC, unlike that of skeletal troponin C (sTnC), contains only one functional EF-hand 
   206 after the first Ca(2+) ion binds to skeletal troponin C (sTnC), whereas the slower change requires Ca
  
   208 ing cooperatively induced changes in cardiac troponin C structure, as measured by dichroism of 5' iod
   209  a comparison of CaM41/75 with other CaM and troponin C structures a detailed two-step mechanism of t
  
   211 lacement with mixtures of cardiac and mutant troponin C, the rate of force generation was independent
  
   213 roteins, including phospholamban and cardiac troponin C, thereby playing an essential and previously 
  
  
   216 rce, the rate of dissociation of Ca(2+) from troponin C (TnC) and decreased crossbridge detachment ra
   217  relative contributions of Ca(2+) binding to troponin C (TnC) and myosin binding to actin in activati
   218   The calcium-dependent interactions between troponin C (TnC) and other thin and thick filament prote
   219  binding interaction between rabbit skeletal troponin C (TnC) and rabbit skeletal troponin I (TnI) re
   220 amounts of Ca2+ on the in situ structures of troponin C (TnC) and troponin I (TnI) in whole troponin 
   221 o-fluorophore-based sensor, carrying Opsanus troponin C (TnC) as the Ca(2+)-binding moiety, has two b
  
   223 TnI consisting of residues 1-64 (I1-64) with troponin C (TnC) by isothermal titration microcalorimetr
   224 n ATPase activity, and Ca(2+) binding to the troponin C (TnC) component reverses the inhibition.     
   225  model for teleost fish, have two paralogous troponin C (TnC) genes that are expressed in the heart d
  
   227 idge detachment and Ca(2+) dissociation from troponin C (TnC) have been hypothesized to rate-limit my
   228 ne the orientation of the C-terminal lobe of troponin C (TnC) in skeletal muscle cells as a step towa
   229 troponin I (TnI) is thought to interact with troponin C (TnC) in the presence of Ca(2+) and with acti
   230 44A and R81A) of rabbit fast skeletal muscle troponin C (TnC) in which the charged residues were repl
   231 uction process converting calcium binding by troponin C (TnC) into interactions between thin and thic
  
  
  
   235 diated modifications of the Ca2+ affinity of troponin C (TnC) may explain the fluctuations in [Ca2+]i
   236 tory sites by measuring the concentration of troponin C (TNC) molecules, 33.8 mumol per kg wet weight
   237 reated fibers reconstituted with cardiac TnI.troponin C (TnC) or ssTnI.TnC significantly increased Ca
   238 dues in the N-terminal, regulatory domain of troponin C (TnC) so we could investigate their role in t
   239 a(2+) sensor for cardiac muscle contraction, troponin C (TnC) stands out as an obvious and versatile 
   240 nitor the effect of sarcomere length (SL) on troponin C (TnC) structure during Ca2+ activation in sin
  
  
  
   244  Ca(2+) binding in the NH(2)-lobe of subunit troponin C (TnC) was abolished by mutagenesis, and effec
   245 er troponin components, troponin I (TnI) and troponin C (TnC) was examined by using the yeast two hyb
  
  
   248  probes attached along four alpha helices of troponin C (TnC) was measured in permeabilized skeletal 
   249 rms of in vitro binding to troponin I (TnI), troponin C (TnC), actin-tropomyosin (actin-Tm), and acto
  
   251 e under the control of different isoforms of troponin C (TnC), F1 and F2, which are responsible for s
  
   253 w this signal is transmitted between TnI and troponin C (TnC), resulting in accelerated Ca(2+) releas
   254   The Tn complex consists of three subunits, troponin C (TnC), troponin I (TnI), and troponin T (TnT)
   255 tes of rabbit skeletal troponin I (TnI) with troponin C (TnC), troponin T (TnT), tropomyosin (Tm) and
  
  
  
  
  
  
   262 e binding of Ca2+ to the triggering sites in troponin-C (TnC) causes the opening of the N-terminal hy
   263 e Cys133 of troponin-I (TnI) with respect to troponin-C (TnC) in the ternary troponin complex and the
   264 s indirect flight muscle has two isoforms of troponin C, TnC-F1 and F2, which are unusual in having o
   265  39% and 51%, troponin T to 64% and 53%, and troponin C to 73% and 97% of controls, respectively, and
  
   267   The ability of calcium-bound human cardiac troponin C to neutralize the inhibition of K206I was gre
  
   269 cific adapter to couple the Ca(2+) receptor, troponin C, to the actin-myosin contractile machinery.  
   270 tigated the functional overlap of two muscle Troponin C (TpnC) genes that are expressed in the adult 
   271 -dependent network to the interactions among troponin C, troponin I, and actin is discussed in light 
   272 al regions of troponin T (TnT) interact with troponin C, troponin I, and tropomyosin to regulate stri
   273  Western immunoblots for actin, tropomyosin, troponin C, troponin T, myosin light chain-1, and myosin
  
   275 e to troponin I(129-166) binding the cardiac troponin C/troponin I(1-80) complex correlate with parti
   276 rdiac troponin I(129-166) binding to cardiac troponin C/troponin I(1-80) was 43.3 +/- 3.2 microM.    
   277 ar magnetic resonance studies of the cardiac troponin C/troponin I(1-80)/troponin I(129-166) complex 
   278 he NH2- and COOH-terminal domains of cardiac troponin C tumble with similar correlation times when bo
   279 onformational and dynamic changes in cardiac troponin C upon binding a phosphomimetic troponin I, hav
   280 m dissociation from the regulatory domain of troponin C upon incorporation into the troponin complex.
  
  
  
   284     When the presence of calcium-insensitive troponin-C was simulated in the model, both calcium sens
   285 -terminal domain (N-domain) of human cardiac troponin C, we substituted Phe at position 27 with Trp, 
  
  
   288 en/deuterium exchange rates in the C-lobe of troponin C were compared in complexes containing either 
   289  changes in the regulatory domain of cardiac troponin C were monitored in complexes with troponin I-(
   290 placement with functional and mutant cardiac troponin C were used to evaluate the relationship betwee
   291 cium and the mobile segment of troponin-I to troponin-C were described by a simple kinetic scheme.   
   292 gulatory domain of calcium-saturated cardiac troponin C when bound to the NH2-terminal domain of card
   293 e contraction is caused by Ca(2+) binding to troponin C, which triggers the cross-bridge power stroke
   294 lcium binding to the calcium sensory protein troponin-C, which is one of the three components of the 
   295 myoepithelial sheath, and the association of troponin C with actin was dependent on tropomyosin.     
   296 decrease in the unbinding rate of calcium to troponin C with increasing active tension was much lower
  
   298 (corresponding to residues 34-71) to cardiac troponin C with the D145E mutation was not able to recov
   299 keletal calcium-binding subunit of troponin, troponin C, with mixtures of functional cardiac and muta
   300 bridge kinetics and Ca(2+) dissociation from troponin C work together to modulate the rate of cardiac
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