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1 coupled chemistries of the stratosphere and troposphere.
2 ly resulting from subsidence of air into the troposphere.
3 RA-40 is unrealistic, particularly above the troposphere.
4 tanding the gas-phase chemistry of the lower troposphere.
5 ural and contrail cirrus clouds in the upper troposphere.
6 the dimer, should be detectable in the lower troposphere.
7 ays with height, and disappears in the upper troposphere.
8 nly in the satellite data set with a warming troposphere.
9 comprised the marine boundary layer and free troposphere.
10 s a result of greenhouse gas built-up in the troposphere.
11 -tropical planetary waves emanating from the troposphere.
12 ility necessary to study NO2 anywhere in the troposphere.
13 amical coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere.
14 additional source of chlorine in the marine troposphere.
15 observed radical concentrations in the upper troposphere.
16 eflective methane condensation clouds in the troposphere.
17 ng aqueous secondary organic aerosols in the troposphere.
18 of the major types of aerosol present in the troposphere.
19 unds, ozone, and mercury in the Arctic lower troposphere.
20 e oxidative aging of organic aerosols in the troposphere.
21 from large-scale descent within the tropical troposphere.
22 s higher than predicted in the tropical free troposphere.
23 emissions and NOx at the surface and in the troposphere.
24 rce of the hydroperoxy radical (HO2 ) in the troposphere.
25 because of high water concentrations in the troposphere.
26 tion of ozone and PANs-type compounds in the troposphere.
27 ow clouds on the stratification of the lower troposphere.
28 x that exist in significant abundance in the troposphere.
29 to determine the lifetimes of MClDMS in the troposphere.
30 gnatures and photolytic rate constant in the troposphere.
31 ive scavenging of oxidized Hg from the upper troposphere.
32 e (O3) over the oceans and affect the global troposphere.
33 arable warming and moistening effects of the troposphere.
34 ms possess traits that allow survival in the troposphere.
35 nic material (SOM) are abundant in the lower troposphere.
36 uents of fine particulate matter (PM) in the troposphere.
37 tosphere and overestimate the warming of the troposphere.
38 sensing of water vapor and ice in the upper troposphere.
39 unidentified pathway to SOA formation in the troposphere.
40 al conditions from the polar to the tropical troposphere.
41 ay an important role in the chemistry of the troposphere.
42 ying SO2 chemistry in the aerosol-containing troposphere.
43 e halogens for the oxidising capacity of the troposphere.
44 up to 80% of particles in the tropical free troposphere.
45 condary biogenic aerosol mass throughout the troposphere.
46 nomena such as stratospheric mixing into the troposphere.
47 one-dominated SO(2) oxidation pathway in the troposphere.
48 de (IO) in the tropical and subtropical free troposphere (10 degrees N to 40 degrees S), and show tha
51 nce of microorganisms in the middle-to-upper troposphere (8-15 km altitude) and their role in aerosol
52 canic eruption (13 June 2011) from the upper troposphere (9 to 14 kilometers) into the lower stratosp
55 ally uniform temperature perturbation of the troposphere and Earth's surface that approximately follo
59 ese findings indicate that, at typical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere conditions, particles
60 d downward mixing from the midlatitude upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during PV intrusions.
62 maximize respectively in the tropical upper troposphere and near the surface over deserts, with both
66 tive rates of temperature change between the troposphere and surface, and the mechanisms that produce
67 determine the radiative balance of the upper troposphere and the transport of water vapor across the
69 ansport from Asia (air parcels from the free troposphere) and some high GOM dry deposition events wer
70 ncentrations of OH and HO(2) radicals in the troposphere, and in particular the comparisons that have
71 influence the oxidizing capacity of Earth's troposphere, and iodine oxides form ultrafine aerosols,
72 cals are difficult species to measure in the troposphere, and we also review changes in detection met
76 f less than 50 nanometres) in the lower free troposphere are transported from the free troposphere in
77 s recorded by thermometers) and in the lower troposphere (as monitored by satellites) diverge by up t
80 arises because ultraviolet shielding of the troposphere by ozone becomes effective once oxygen level
81 suggest that additional OH formation in the troposphere can result from ozone interactions with the
83 osphere (caused by ozone) and warming of the troposphere (caused by well-mixed greenhouse gases).
84 , which penetrated into the equatorial upper troposphere, causing poleward shifts in the positions of
85 mazon basin, based on regular vertical lower-troposphere CH4 profiles covering the period 2010-2013.
86 timate is similar on a global average in the troposphere, contributes substantially to the D/H ratio
87 OS-Chem modeling results point toward a free troposphere contribution to mercury in wet deposition in
88 contrast, an initial finding that the lower troposphere cooled since 1979 could not be reproduced.
89 he concentration of water vapor in the upper troposphere could double by the end of the century as a
90 stratosphere subsequently penetrate into the troposphere, demonstrating the importance of the dynamic
91 O(3) concentrations in the middle and upper troposphere, despite the fact that fossil-fuel burning r
92 gens influence the oxidative capacity of the troposphere directly as oxidants themselves and indirect
97 se-the boundary between the stratosphere and troposphere-has increased by several hundred meters sinc
98 the Northern Hemisphere, ozone levels in the troposphere have increased by 35 per cent over the past
99 ecadal-scale temperature change in the lower troposphere have indicated cooling relative to Earth's s
100 l organic peroxide in large abundance in the troposphere, highlights how photochemistry in the neglec
101 aporation contributes significantly to lower troposphere humidity, with typically 20% and up to 50% o
102 nal Chemistry Experiment in the Arctic LOwer Troposphere (ICEALOT) cruise on the R/V Knorr in March a
104 direct photolysis processes occurring in the troposphere incorporating photochemical excitation and i
106 ee troposphere are transported from the free troposphere into the boundary layer during precipitation
108 ng the formation of sulfate particles in the troposphere is critical because of their health effects
110 gaseous chlorine atom precursors within the troposphere is generally considered a coastal or marine
111 ly that the pattern of warming in the Arctic troposphere is highly unlikely to be as given in ERA-40
112 ganic compounds in combustion and in Earth's troposphere is mediated by reactive species formed by th
113 ocean; much of the air in the tropical upper troposphere is relatively depleted in HCN, and hence, br
117 to the ozone variation in the tropical upper troposphere/lower stratosphere via the Ozone El-Nino Sou
118 ds transported to this region from the lower troposphere may provide the source of HOx required to su
119 bate about changes in the temperature of the troposphere measured using the Microwave Sounding Unit (
121 depth, Terra Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) carbon monoxide (CO), Aqua Atmosphe
122 traviolet radiation, altered stratosphere-to-troposphere O(3) flux, increased tropospheric hydroxyl r
123 wn that when MJO wind anomalies in the lower troposphere of the eastern Pacific are westerly, Gulf of
124 luence the overall oxidizing capacity of the troposphere on a global scale by stimulating the product
125 ws their transport and mixing throughout the troposphere on a global scale, before they reach the str
126 reveal an enhancement of opacity in Titan's troposphere on the morning side of the leading hemispher
127 century increase of sulphate aerosols in the troposphere, or changes in the climate of the world's oc
128 affected by long-range transport in the free troposphere over the marine boundary layer into Nevada.
129 In the lowermost layer of the atmosphere-the troposphere-ozone is an important source of the hydroxyl
130 winds, convective storms, low-latitude upper troposphere, polar stratosphere, and northern aurora.
131 ytic source of hydroxyl (OH) radicals in the troposphere, proceeds through energized Criegee intermed
133 le interactions of SOA in the free and upper troposphere, promote ice nucleation and facilitate long-
134 ll as the inferred temperatures in the lower troposphere, show only small warming trends of less than
136 vapor in the tropical and subtropical upper troposphere shows a wide range of isotopic depletion not
138 idation of volatile organic compounds in the troposphere; some models predict, and laboratory studies
139 ces, implying that even in the remote marine troposphere soot provided nuclei for heterogeneous sulfa
141 sence of oxygenated organic compounds in the troposphere strongly influences key atmospheric processe
142 opogenic activities that add NO to the upper troposphere, such as biomass burning and aviation, will
143 factors and volcanic aerosols yields surface-troposphere temperature trend differences closest to tho
144 rth Atlantic sea surface temperature and mid-troposphere temperature; the latter is found to rise fas
148 mented major warming of the Antarctic winter troposphere that is larger than any previously identifie
149 50% of the global aerosol production in the troposphere, the chemical species and mechanism responsi
152 nuously remove kinetic energy from the lower troposphere, thereby reducing the wind speed near hub he
153 circulation anomalies most likely affect the troposphere through changes to waves in the upper tropos
154 stratospheric aerosol that they attribute to troposphere to stratosphere ascent via the Asian monsoon
158 imates is driven by enhanced stratosphere-to-troposphere transport of O3, and that reactive halogen c
159 idering the abundance of isoprene SOA in the troposphere, understanding mechanisms of adverse health
160 n on the chemistry and dynamics of the upper troposphere (UT) based on direct aircraft observations o
161 tudes, minimum HCl values found in the upper troposphere (UT) were often near or below the detection
164 radicals OH and HO2 in the middle and upper troposphere were measured simultaneously with those of N
165 al that strong convection reaching the upper troposphere (where high atmospheric concentrations of so
166 lity in the TC outer region below the middle troposphere, which facilitates the local development of
167 sphere through changes to waves in the upper troposphere, which induce surface pressure changes that
169 mic and underappreciated aspect of the upper troposphere with potentially important impacts on the hy
170 elevated CO(2) levels, a region in the free troposphere with relatively constant CO(2) mole fraction
171 was monitored continuously over time in the troposphere with the use of aerosol time-of-flight mass
173 re seen to rise from the middle to the upper troposphere within 30 minutes and dissipate within the n
174 ar Earth's surface that rises into the upper troposphere within mid-latitudes and accounts for up to
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