ライフサイエンスコーパス: tubule

1 nants of Na(+) reabsorption along the kidney tubule.

2 nate immune response to the distressed renal tubule.

3 ajor Na(+) transporters all along the kidney tubule.

4 vivo, predominantly in the distal convoluted tubule.

5 ding limb, but also by the distal convoluted tubule.

6 NK pathway activity in the distal convoluted tubule.

7 l involved in NaCl reabsorption in the renal tubule.

8 d cystine reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule.

9 mplexity in the physiology of the Malpighian tubule.

10 ine state within the nano-scaled chromoplast tubules.

11 ind the Sertoli cell barrier in seminiferous tubules.

12 has reduced abundance in certain peripheral tubules.

13 is sufficient to trigger fragmentation of ER tubules.

14 in co-assembles with dynamin around membrane tubules.

15 tion of molecular switches in supramolecular tubules.

16 argo-bound CSC during formation of recycling tubules.

17 it disappeared in mature NP-derived proximal tubules.

18 sms of virus persistence in the seminiferous tubules.

19 specific receptor for the degradation of ER tubules.

20 inylated conjugates was detected in SNAI1(+) tubules.

21 induce the aggregation of filaments to form tubules.

22 ce of the RS and infiltrated into the dentin tubules.

23 vealed aberrant formation of the perinuclear tubules.

24 s drives the scission of elongating membrane tubules.

25 ll death and destruction of the seminiferous tubules.

26 del revealed hot spots in the proximal renal tubules.

27 resides on basolateral membranes of proximal tubules.

28 a dynamic network of interconnected membrane tubules.

29 ding to the apical surface of early proximal tubules.

30 rivatives, but disappears in mature proximal tubules.

31 nstriction of single dynamin-coated membrane tubules.

32 ft cell an elegant network of interconnected tubules.

33 positive, unbranched, ureter-like epithelial tubules.

34 to tricellular tight junctions of the distal tubules.

35 s establishes a network of branched membrane tubules.

36 ion of apical-basal cell division in nephron tubules.

37 increase in vacuolation of its longitudinal tubules across adjacent sarcomeres.

38 ron structures and dedifferentiated proximal tubules after acute kidney injury.

39 At the level of renal tubules, ambrisentan treatment prevented the increased e

40 ish persistent infection in the seminiferous tubules, an immune-privileged site in the testis protect

41 abundantly expressed in the kidney proximal tubule and collecting duct epithelia, where it has an im

42 increased Na(+) reabsorption in the proximal tubule and decreased it in more distal kidney tubule seg

43 nnel did not change in the distal convoluted tubule and decreased slightly in the cortical/medullary

44 tein), is exclusively produced by the kidney tubule and has specific biochemical properties that medi

45 In the proximal tubule and in other tissues, MAP17 is known to interact

46 decreased Na(+) reabsorption in the proximal tubule and increased it in distal segments with lower en

47 ized within the dyad, linking the transverse tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum and ensuring close pro

48 on, comprising part of the distal convoluted tubule and the connecting tubule, and regulation results

49 dered tantamount to the injury of the kidney tubule and the epithelial cells thereof (AKI).

50 ole in the early dysfunction of the proximal tubule and the subsequent renal repair.

51 here to the abluminal surface of endothelial tubules and are required for the formation of stable vas

52 sistent H-zones, I-bands, and evidence for T-tubules and M-bands.

53 erogeneous population that includes proximal tubules and other types of cells.

54 induced cilium elongation defects in kidney tubules and predisposed animals to cyst development, eit

55 that while endophilin helps shape endocytic tubules and recruit dynamin to endocytic sites, it can a

56 numbers of autophagic cells in the proximal tubules and reduced ratio of the autophagy-related prote

57 signaling promotes the formation of proximal tubules and represses the formation of distal tubules in

58 e endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of tubules and sheets stretching throughout the eukaryotic

59 and a reticulated interconnected network of tubules and sheets.

60 tosis in microperfused Slc27a2(-/-) proximal tubules and Slc27a2(-/-) or FATP2 shRNA-treated proximal

61 APs is essential for the fragmentation of ER tubules and their delivery to lysosomes.

62 ol oxygenase (MIOX) is expressed in proximal tubules and up-regulated in the diabetic state.

63 re deleted specifically from kidney proximal tubules and used this model to examine renal apoptosis a

64 The transverse tubules and vacuoles displayed distinct Ca(2+)-handling

65 n (e.g. ectopic Ccl2 in non-dilated proximal tubules), and augmented hedgehog signaling, features als

66 n the apical membranes of the early proximal tubule, and is subsequently reabsorbed into blood.

67 distal convoluted tubule and the connecting tubule, and regulation results from the interplay betwee

68 of Henle's loop and/or the distal convoluted tubule, and these disorders generate the greatest contro

69 tional sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubules, and (4) attenuated mitochondrial abnormalities.

70 ocephaly, decreased convolution of the renal tubules, and abnormal craniofacial morphology.

71 f macrophages around S1 segments of proximal tubules, and full renal protection required both macroph

72 obulin peak, immunoglobulin deposit in renal tubules, and highly characteristic bone lytic lesions.

73 ergent extension (CE) shape developing renal tubules, and their disruption has been associated with p

74 interstitial disease resulting from proximal tubule antigen-specific antibodies and immune complex fo

75 eabilities in the Ildr1 knockout mouse renal tubules are not affected.

76 Furthermore, proximal tubules are predisposed to become cystic after cAMP stim

77 Transverse tubules (t-tubules) are uniquely-adapted membrane invaginations in

78 al adhesion to the luminal membrane of renal tubules as a fundamental initiating mechanism of oxalate

79 ium, differentiated into proximal and distal tubules as well as endothelium, as highlighted by histol

80 uestered MCGA (NS-MGCA) egressed from normal tubules, as evidenced by their ability to interact with

81 double knockout of Bax and Bak from proximal tubules attenuated renal tubular cell apoptosis and supp

82 tubules in live cells, and found that the ER tubules behaved like semi-flexible fibres under tension.

83 Na(+) reabsorption increased in the proximal tubule but decreased in the distal nephron because of di

84 Na(+) reabsorption decreased in the proximal tubule but increased in distal segments with lower trans

85 ected in the apical membrane of the proximal tubule but not detected in other organs likely accounts

86 nduced convolution defects of the pronephric tubules but not the pronephric ducts, consistent with th

87 ey glomerulus and is reabsorbed in the renal tubule by the action of the apical sodium-dependent phos

88 uent reabsorption by the downstream proximal tubule, causing lipoapoptosis.

89 ical role of adenosine generated by proximal tubule CD73 expression in abrogating IRI.

90 ) during diabetes may lead to renal proximal tubule cell (RPTC) injury, inflammation, and interstitia

91 these findings indicate that renal proximal tubule cell CB1R contributes to the pathogenesis of obes

92 educing active caspase-3, thereby preventing tubule cell death and loss of epithelial function.

93 Slc27a2(-/-) or FATP2 shRNA-treated proximal tubule cell lines compared with wild-type or scrambled o

94 Earlier work identified renal tubule cell synthesis of C3, rather than hepatic synthes

95 In tubules, cell division may be oriented relative to two a

96 Human renal proximal tubule cells (RPTECs) were used to characterize the mech

97 e A (CsA) treated and control human proximal tubule cells and identified mRNAs undergoing active targ

98 orescently labeled NEFA in cultured proximal tubule cells and microperfused rat proximal tubules, wit

99 cific deletion of CB1R in the renal proximal tubule cells did not protect the mice from obesity, but

100 ion profiles in nondiseased primary proximal tubule cells from black patients revealed that the nicot

101 injury initiates metabolic reprogramming in tubule cells that contributes to the development of chro

102 In vitro, exposure of proximal tubule cells to the inflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and

103 ction of oxygen consumption rate observed in tubule cells treated with mPGC-1alpha serum.

104 e primary filtrate, are captured by proximal tubule cells, and are endocytosed.

105 ociated lysosomal defects in kidney proximal tubule cells, in the absence of frank CNS pathology.

106 mplex is required for ciliogenesis in kidney tubule cells.

107 drial morphology and respiration in proximal tubule cells.

108 e accumulation in cystinotic kidney proximal tubule cells.

109 creased in principal cells of the connecting tubule/collecting ducts.

110 counteracts the well-characterized loss of t-tubule complexity and reduced expression of anchoring pr

111 In many types of tubules, continuity of the lumen is paramount to tubular

112 BA disease who had a combination of proximal tubule damage, IgG-positive immune deposits in the tubul

113 e importance of the kidney distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and cortical collecting duct (CCD) is highl

114 cells directly contact the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) in the kidneys of DOCA-salt mice and CD8(+)

115 cotransporter (NCC) in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is solely responsible.

116 The mammalian distal convoluted tubule (DCT) makes an important contribution to potassiu

117 In the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), potassium imbalance causes WNK signaling c

118 limb of Henle (TAL) and in distal convoluted tubules (DCTs): Ksp-cre;Pth1r(fl/fl) Mutant mice exhibit

119 ba expression in zebrafish resulted in renal tubule defects and pericardial edema, phenotypes typical

120 Lastly, proximal tubule deletion of DRP1 after ischemia-reperfusion injur

121 results identify a novel mechanism of micro-tubule-dependent actin scaling that maintains precise pa

122 ystic model, ectopic p-Creb stained proximal tubule-derived cystic segments that lost the differentia

123 In proximal tubule-derived, PC1-knock-out cells, adenylyl cyclase 6

124 n cell biology is how endocytic vesicles and tubules detach from the plasma membrane in the absence o

125 dition to standard protocols would promote T-tubule development and mature excitation-contraction cou

126 on on Matrigel mattress, is sufficient for T-tubule development, enhanced Ca-induced Ca release, and

127 Our results suggest that regulating tubule diameter is a key function of PCP signaling but t

128 ts, such as testicular atrophy, seminiferous tubule diameter reduction and hyperplasia of prostate ep

129 P signaling results in inaccurate control of tubule diameter, a tightly regulated parameter with impo

130 Our novel findings, including T-tubule dilatation and disorganization, associated with d

131 ts (CD) of Ilk(fl/fl) ;Pkhd1-Cre mice caused tubule dilations, apoptosis, fibrosis, and organ failure

132 Under illumination, these tubules display a nonlinear operation mode, by which lig

133 Additional studies revealed that transverse-tubule disruption precedes the development of HF develop

134 EG phosphorylation of JPH2 led to transverse-tubule disruption, a precursor of HF development in SPEG

135 ransfection of the collecting duct, proximal tubule, distal tubule, interstitial cells, and rarely gl

136 Compared with control proximal tubules, DN, FSGS, IgAN, and MPGN proximal tubules had d

137 FGFR1, and alpha-Klotho in the kidney distal tubule (DT), leading to increased sodium retention and h

138 ve the ability to induce fragmentation of ER tubules during starvation.

139 our two-zone hypothesis to explain endocytic tubule elongation and vesicle scission in fission yeast.

140 t of which has a dramatic effect on proximal tubule endocytosis.

141 dney FATP2 localized exclusively to proximal tubule epithelial cells along the apical but not the bas

142 IC4 is specifically enriched in the proximal tubule epithelial cells, in which CLIC4 is important for

143 creases proliferation and apoptosis of renal tubule epithelial cells; elevates protein kinase A, extr

144 The proximal tubule epithelium relies on mitochondrial function for e

145 e growth factor (hHB-EGF), in renal proximal tubule epithelium.

146 resistance than other segments of the renal tubule exhibit.

147 onditional inactivation of Xpr1 in the renal tubule exhibited generalized proximal tubular dysfunctio

148 Mice with CD73 deletion in proximal tubules exhibited exacerbated IRI, comparable with that

149 Notably, S1 and distal tubules exhibited similar metabolic profiles despite app

150 s nuclear expression in the hypoxic proximal tubules exhibiting high levels of autophagy.

151 The majority of the ER tubules experienced equilibrium transverse fluctuations

152 at concentrations that mimic apical proximal tubule exposure during glomerular injury revealed signif

153 ssion analyses revealed that kidney proximal tubules express transmembrane fatty acid transporter-2 (

154 )-dependent retrograde actin flow corrals ER tubule extensions and STIM1/Orai1 complexes to the synap

155 f thin, highly stretchable (>400%) elastomer tubules filled with liquid conductor (eutectic gallium i

156 the mechanisms involved and consequences of tubule fission failure are incompletely understood.

157 istent with a role for ER-mediated endosomal tubule fission in lysosome function, similar lysosomal a

158 ggest that coupling of ER-mediated endosomal tubule fission to lysosome function links different clas

159 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) promote endosomal tubule fission, but the mechanisms involved and conseque

160 ST1 at ER-endosome contacts drives endosomal tubule fission.

161 endothelial cells proliferation, migration, tubule formation and the TGF-beta-induced AKT, SMAD- and

162 tern blots, scratch assays, CCK-8 assays and tubule formation assays.

163 in HaCaT keratinocytes and also enhanced the tubule formation capacity of HECV cells.

164 Tubule formation depends on the Rab7/Ypt7-interacting re

165 lar endothelial cell (HMEC-1) proliferation, tubule formation, and migration.

166 d cell proliferation, migration and vascular tubule formation, while the miR-193a-3p inhibitor signif

167 tably, Matrigel mattress was necessary for T-tubule formation.

168 cantly reduced HaCaT migration and HECV cell tubule formation.

169 ndothelial cell proliferation, sprouting and tubule formation.

170 odissection to obtain glomeruli and proximal tubules from 98 human needle kidney biopsy specimens for

171 Using an mRNA microarray on microdissected tubules from a rat model of cyclosporin A toxicity to de

172 ansferrin receptor and 24p3R were reduced in tubules from NZB/W compared to NZW mice, while ferroport

173 hare the feature of impaired kidney proximal tubule function.

174 en is paramount to tubular function, yet how tubules generate lumen continuity in vivo is not known.

175 l tubules, DN, FSGS, IgAN, and MPGN proximal tubules had differential expression of 13, 14, eight, an

176 ies to brush border antigens of the proximal tubule has been demonstrated experimentally and rarely i

177 onal analysis we demonstrated that C. shasta tubules have no openings and are likely used to anchor t

178 Calcium (Ca(2+)) and transverse-tubule imaging of ventricular myocytes from MCM-Speg(fl/

179 maturation of hiPSC-CM, including lack of T-tubules, immature excitation-contraction coupling, and i

180 isoproterenol fails to concentrate BIN1 to t-tubules, impairing P-RyR recruitment.

181 onditional inactivation of Xpr1 in the renal tubule in mice resulted in impaired renal Pi reabsorptio

182 ity in the apical membrane of the collecting tubule in Romk1(+/+), but such regulation by high K inta

183 twork in axons, which shows larger and fewer tubules in larvae that lack reticulon and REEP proteins,

184 We investigated the dynamic behaviour of ER tubules in live cells, and found that the ER tubules beh

185 CADs also caused loss of T tubules in rat cardiac ventricular myocytes and the open

186 th adult human ventricular cardiomyocytes, T-tubules in T3+Dex-treated hiPSC-CM were less organized a

187 titial edema and closely packed seminiferous tubules in the left testes, indicating reversible damage

188 ubules and represses the formation of distal tubules in the mammalian nephron, we show that inhibitio

189 tion and a reduced total number of branching tubules in three-dimensional human dermal organoid ex vi

190 mal growth factor receptor in renal proximal tubule induces tubulointerstitial fibrosis.

191 protected against loss of renal function and tubule injury due to reduced complement deposition.

192 f miRNAs in CDs spontaneously evokes a renal tubule injury-like response, which culminates in progres

193 the collecting duct, proximal tubule, distal tubule, interstitial cells, and rarely glomerular cells

194 Chloride transport by the renal tubule is critical for blood pressure (BP), acid-base, a

195 e an important component of the seminiferous tubules, is robust and induces a strong antiviral respon

196 Patch-clamp analysis of tubules isolated from knockout (KO) mice suggested that

197 mage occurs primarily by killing of proximal tubule kidney cells and mechanosensory hair cells, thoug

198 Inactivation of HNF-1beta in mouse kidney tubules leads to early-onset cyst formation and postnata

199 in subsets of non-dilated P7 mutant proximal tubules (likely driving the stromal Gli expression).

200 d, and those in the loop of Henle and distal tubule lineages were downregulated.

201 n which genes of the glomerular and proximal tubule lineages were either unchanged or upregulated, an

202 in was detected within cytoplasm of proximal tubules localized, for some of them, near foci of fibros

203 l increases in sodium exit from the proximal tubule/loop of Henle.

204 causes JPH2 dephosphorylation and transverse-tubule loss associated with downstream Ca(2+) mishandlin

205 rmiation that occur near the luminal edge of tubule lumen at the apical ES and the basal ES/BTB remod

206 odeling, involving a reduction in connecting tubule mass and attenuation of epithelial sodium channel

207 hat the incorporation of Neo1 into recycling tubules may influence their formation.

208 ydropyridine receptors (DHPRs) in transverse tubule membrane and Ca(2+) release channel ryanodine rec

209 le because atrial myocytes lack a transverse tubule membrane system: Ca(2+) release starts in the cel

210 or BIN1+13+17) creates transverse-tubule (t-tubule) membrane microfolds, which facilitate ion channe

211 The bending rigidity of the ER tubule membranes was found to be 10.9 +/- 1.2 kT (17.0 +

212 OAT1 plays a greater role in kidney proximal tubule metabolism and OAT3 appears relatively more impor

213 hat bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) organizes t-tubule microfolds and facilitates CaV1.2 delivery, we ex

214 , resulting in a continuous lumen and normal tubule morphogenesis.

215 ER tubules move dynamically on microtubules and form membra

216 nclude that FATP2 is a major apical proximal tubule NEFA transporter that regulates lipoapoptosis and

217 er T3 or Dex alone, developed an extensive T-tubule network.

218 In the Malpighian (renal) tubule of Drosophila melanogaster, TA activates a transe

219 h the proximal tubule of males, the proximal tubule of females had greater phosphorylation of Na(+)/H

220 Compared with the proximal tubule of males, the proximal tubule of females had grea

221 iated knockdown in the stellate cells of the tubule of TAR2 (tyrR, CG7431) resulted in a dramatic red

222 e mutations directly within the seminiferous tubules of human testes.

223 ion of NUPR1 in the nuclei of renal proximal tubules of injured human kidney allografts, but not in t

224 on was high in the integument and Malpighian tubules of last instar larvae and adults.

225 stinct WNK bodies were evident in the distal tubules of mice subjected to dietary potassium loading a

226 CT: Dysferlin concentrates in the transverse tubules of skeletal muscle and stabilizes Ca(2+) transie

227 Miyoshi myopathy, concentrates in transverse tubules of skeletal muscle, where it stabilizes voltage-

228 place in the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules of the testes, producing millions of spermatozoa

229 These engineered 3D proximal tubules on chip exhibit significantly enhanced epithelia

230 imulations showed that the delivery to the T-tubule opening is highly confined to the underlying Z-gr

231 ying Z-groove, and especially to the first T-tubule opening, where the concentration is approximately

232 thick ascending limb, the distal convoluted tubule or the collecting system.

233 MLP protein showed a further reduction in t-tubule organization and accelerated heart failure.

234 ed that mitsugumin 29 (Mg29), an important t-tubule organizing protein in skeletal muscle, was induce

235 can distinctly alter diffusion gradients in tubules over biologically relevant timescales.

236 ent and -independent endocytosis in proximal tubules, phenocopying what has been reported for Dent di

237 ycle, from the BM to the luminal edge of the tubule, possibly being used to modulate apical ES restru

238 ear to be dispensable for mammalian proximal tubule (PT) function.

239 Cells lining the proximal tubule (PT) have unique membrane specializations that ar

240 Cells lining the proximal tubule (PT) of the kidney are highly specialized for api

241 n transporters (OCTs) in the kidney proximal tubule (PT) participate in renal excretion of drugs and

242 itro data indicates that the kidney proximal tubule (PT) transporters of uremic toxins and solutes (e

243 We show that variations in tubule radius and length can distinctly alter diffusion

244 The tubules rapidly fragment when GTP hydrolysis of Sey1p is

245 The renal proximal tubule reabsorbs 90% of the filtered glucose load throug

246 to control tubular ER dynamics, resulting in tubule rearrangements as well as alterations in Rtn4 ass

247 tential propagation at the level of single T-tubules, recently observed in diseased cardiomyocytes.

248 um is key to renal physiology, but how renal tubules regulate capillary development remains unclear.

249 nisms by which the virus enters seminiferous tubules remain unclear.

250 l tubular cells or in freshly isolated renal tubules revealed that this Xpr1 deficiency significantly

251 xamination of early-stage developing nephron tubules reveals that cell division is not oriented in th

252 Microperfusion of live renal distal tubules reveals that they are impermeable to water in no

253 ength to 4.71 +/- 0.14 mum, and provides the tubule's persistence length with a moderate length scale

254 ubule and decreased it in more distal kidney tubule segments.

255 n of Kim1 and vimentin in scattered proximal tubule segments.

256 obal miRNA profiling of microdissected renal tubules showed that miRNAs exhibit segmental distributio

257 ha-tubulin isotype TBA-6 sculpts 18 A- and B-tubule singlets from nine ciliary A-B doublet microtubul

258 enetic murine models, we found that proximal tubule-specific deletion of Drp1 prevented the renal isc

259 ression of intracellular NOTCH1 in mice with tubule-specific deletion of VHL led to dysplastic hyperp

260 We also examined tubule-specific effects of cAMP analogs in cystogenesis

261 Tubule-specific EGFR activation promoted epithelial dedi

262 We report that kidney tubule-specific inactivation of Inpp5b on a global Ocrl-

263 mice and MIOX-knockout (MIOX(-/-)) mice with tubule-specific MIOX overexpression or knockout, respect

264 ording to the activation timing in inducible tubule-specific transgenic mice with non-diabetic CKD.

265 eltagra2Deltagra6 parasites, suggesting that tubules stabilized by the TgGRA2 and TgGRA6 proteins sec

266 n of these noncoding RNAs in postnatal renal tubules still remains unclear.

267 uscle LIM protein, MLP) partially restored t-tubule structure and preserved cardiac function as measu

268 Moreover, preservation of t-tubule structure by Mg29 induction significantly increas

269 a(2+) from the cytoplasm but only transverse tubules supported store-operated Ca(2+) entry.

270 ny species atrial myocytes lack a transverse tubule system, dividing the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

271 r 1 (cBIN1 or BIN1+13+17) creates transverse-tubule (t-tubule) membrane microfolds, which facilitate

272 Transverse tubules (t-tubules) are uniquely-adapted membrane invagi

273 or the majority of the TA sensitivity of the tubule, TAR3 also contributes to the response.

274 paradigm and focus attention on the proximal tubule that by virtue of the high energy requirements an

275 suppressed, allowing the jetting of aqueous tubules that are stabilized when the CNC-surfactants are

276 s in the cytoplasm to aggregated perinuclear tubules that form a cage-like structure around the nucle

277 wholly synthetic, water-soluble, and chiral tubules that incorporate photoswitchable building blocks

278 From these sites emerge tubules that undergo fragmentation, resulting in marked

279 rising the surface sarcolemma and transverse-tubules), the intracellular calcium store (the sarcoplas

280 must establish infection in the seminiferous tubules, the site of spermatozoon development.

281 red for lumen continuity in developing renal tubules, though its mechanism of action remains unknown.

282 lectively incorporated into newly forming NR tubules; thus strongly suggesting that NR formation is a

283 fect all tubular segments, from the proximal tubule to the collecting duct.

284 e metabolic signatures of S1 and S2 proximal tubules to be distinct and resolvable at the subcellular

285 rative stages, PCP signaling polarizes renal tubules to control OCD.

286 t ARF1[GTP] is functionally required for the tubules to form.

287 t preconditioning reprograms macrophages and tubules to generate a protective environment, in which t

288 tion of TAR2 also eliminated the response of tubules to the related amine octopamine (OA), indicating

289 gene, a predominant isoform of PHDs in renal tubules, to reduce HIF-1alpha level significantly attenu

290 We sought to identify the apical proximal tubule transporter that mediates NEFA uptake and cytotox

291 e sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and transverse-tubules (TTs).

292 itches, until a threshold is reached and the tubules unleash the strain energy.

293 ed intranuclear sun-shaped capsid factories, tubules, various stages of capsid formation, nuclear exp

294 reabsorbing filtered glucose in the proximal tubules via sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs).

295 hat the average persistence length of the ER tubules was 3.03 +/- 0.24 mum.

296 The average radius of the tubules was 44.1 +/- 3.2 nm.

297 lock-containing tissues including Malpighian tubules, where it mediates both light-dependent TIM degr

298 chanism is the accumulation of strain in the tubules, which develops when tubulin dimers change shape

299 to >200 nm radius, and extended into longer tubules with dependence on the membrane tension and CTxB

300 tubule cells and microperfused rat proximal tubules, with greater uptake from the apical surface tha