ライフサイエンスコーパス: turn over

1 ing and spatial heterogeneity (e.g. membrane turn-over).

2 ll as general DNA/RNA and amino acid/protein turn over.

3 d the adhesions tend to elongate rather than turn over.

4 s actin (F-actin) polymers that continuously turn over.

5 lecular complexes or organelles continuously turn over.

6 ntify a substrate for DET1-regulated protein turn-over.

7 lance in extracellular matrix production and turn-over.

8 or eukaryotic plasma membrane-based proteome turn-over.

9 hydrolyzed (or dissociates) and the protein turns over.

10 palmitoylation at the distal site is rapidly turned over.

11 ing that filaments are rapidly assembled and turned over.

12 r the phosphonate or hydroxyl group were not turned over.

13 gumental factors are short-lived and rapidly turned over.

14 was complete before the entire vesicle pool turned over.

15 f the other pair, with excess subunits being turned over.

16 mal function, PSII is damaged and frequently turned over.

17 f the number of substrate molecules that are turned over.

18 x and must be equally rapidly debranched and turned over.

19 present, suggesting that they may be rapidly turned over.

20 pathway by which TCR-activated NF-kappaB is turned over.

21 ntain their mechanical integrity as they are turning over.

22 decreases in proportion to perimeter without turning over.

23 e catalytic cycle when the enzyme is rapidly turning over.

24 cessible and thus preventing the enzyme from turning over.

25 that flagella are dynamic and are constantly turning over.

26 ve half-lives of a few seconds and therefore turn over 100-1000 times in the course of a typical imme

27 In assays, CAT-ADO turns over 225 times versus three times for the native A

28 ic compared to AChRs at functional synapses, turning over 4-6 times more rapidly than AChRs.

29 centrations, p-nitrophenol (pNP) was rapidly turned over (47 min(-1)) with relatively low K(m) (24 mi

30 t MltB is the only lytic transglycosylase to turn over a synthetic peptidoglycan fragment of two NAG-

31 d determine its substrate specificities: NGT turns over a number of different sugar donor substrates

32 Human bodies collectively turn over about 200 billion to 300 billion cells every d

33 concentration of 10(-10) m, during which SOR turns over about once every 6 s, (ii) the diffusion-cont

34 e short filaments (<60 nm) that continuously turn over actin subunits through a combination of barbed

35 namic structures and that their channels are turned over actively, suggesting that regulated traffick

36 tive aggregates because they remain dynamic, turning over almost as rapidly as untreated polymers.

37 l hours demonstrated that K279A continued to turn over, although 250-fold more slowly than wild type

38 gests that large amounts of cholesterol also turn over among the glial cells and neurons within the c

39 when the proteins that initiated the process turn over and disappear within days.

40 These adhesions did not turn over and no longer signal to Rac.

41 t one ATP hydrolysis event but are unable to turn over and reset the motor.

42 that nonlethal attacks caused instantaneous turn-over and mixing of group composition within foragin

43 it is a critical determinant of p21WAF1/CIP1 turn-over and show how non-ubiquitylated molecules might

44 The nanoparticles are rapidly turned over and display minimal toxicity to cultured neu

45 ulation of residual MeHg that is efficiently turned over and photodemethylated in deep oligotrophic a

46 water-wave equation that start from a graph, turn over, and collapse in a splash singularity (self-in

47 ly 10% of zinc stores are able to be rapidly turned over, and appear to be rapidly depleted by acute

48 otic Bcl-2 proteins, Mcl-1, which is rapidly turned over, and Bcl-X(L), which is relatively stable.

49 e, samples incubated in 17O2 were allowed to turn over approximately five times before freezing.

50 Myo5p turns over approximately 10 times faster in she4Delta ce

51 We also highlight a series of proteins that turn over as rapidly as the well-known D1 subunit of pho

52 her, the data indicate that DNA variants are turning over as long as patients are untreated and that

53 were substantial, this complex was found to turn over, as judged by surface plasmon resonance spectr

54 Instead, they must turn over assessment of their members to arm's-length, d

55 Physiologically they are known to turn over asynchronously, but the determinants that trig

56 fic modifications have access to and rapidly turn over at sites of DNA damage.

57 for the organs they encase, epithelial cells turn over at some of the fastest rates in the body.

58 lar to memory T cells, self-renew and slowly turn over at steady state.

59 Flagellar axonemes assemble and continuously turn over at the flagellar tip.

60 ther they preferentially associate with, and turn over at, specific regions in chromatin.

61 lamine was used as the substrate, the apoBLO turned over at a rate of 50-60% of the native BLO (after

62 We find that aTreg cells turned over at a slower rate than rTreg cells, but were

63 s the extent to which E-cadherin is actively turned over at junctions begun to be appreciated.

64 Isotopically depleted material turns over at an apparent time scale of 30,000 y, which

65 omatin-bound H3.3 differs between loci: H3.3 turns over at continually active rDNA genes, but becomes

66 es not catalyse strand exchange and does not turn over ATP efficiently.

67 We show that, although Dop does not turn over ATP stoichiometrically with substrate, the act

68 ent recently uncovered in E. coli gyrase and turns over ATP at a much slower rate.

69 clidean slope to K = 17, at which point they turn over; beyond this magnitude, galaxies also become m

70 Labeled dR from fully turned-over blood cells (monocytes or granulocytes) exhi

71 he rate of zinc release from the most slowly turning over body zinc pool.

72 The enzyme turns over both the cross-linked and noncross-linked cel

73 rt of membrane organelles [1-4] continuously turn over by concurrent growth and shortening at the opp

74 Our results also suggest that ERManI is turned over by an active autophagic process.

75 This indicates that episomal cDNAs are turned over by degradation rather than through death or

76 re networks of actin filaments generated and turned over by filament branching through the Arp2/3 com

77 rials that can, for example, be oriented and turned over by magnetic fields.

78 mal Pex15, exaggerated by overexpression, is turned over by Msp1.

79 pL37, fail to assemble, and preribosomes are turned over by Rat1.

80 Phosphoinositides (PI) are synthesized and turned over by specific kinases, phosphatases, and lipas

81 When the presynaptic glutamate pool was turned over by synaptic activity, inhibiting the presyna

82 because the probe was too deactivated to be turned over by the enzyme.

83 ts an important biomass that is successfully turned over by the heterotrophic marine bacteria.

84 These substrates are efficiently turned over by the human exo-glycosidase O-GlcNAcase (OG

85 s, cleaving only one-sixth of the PG that is turned over by the lytic transglycosylases.

86 ascent polypeptide chains, which are rapidly turned over by the proteasome and can be visualized or c

87 protein is associated with ubiquitin and is turned over by the proteasome.

88 stimulated cells, both subtypes appear to be turned over by the same mechanism.

89 nce that the fluorescent substrate analog is turned over by the toxin in either glucosyltransferase o

90 accumulate in the nucleus, are predominantly turned over by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis in late mi

91 A subpopulation of this pool is rapidly turned-over by RanGTP, likely at Nup153.

92 elow 1 year, between 5 and 15 years for slow turning over C, and more than 500 years for passive C.

93 discovered that have acquired the ability to turn over carbapenem antibiotics.

94 T(reg) cells also turned over cell surface L-selectin at a faster rate tha

95 derivative, dR enrichments from DNA of fully turned over cells of rodents with 2H2O enrichments in bo

96 we present a transmembrane nanoactuator that turns over chemical fuel to drive autonomous reciprocati

97 Membrane IgG H chains turn over considerably more rapidly than secretory Ig H

98 this observation, we show that QdtB can also turn over dTDP-3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-alpha-d-galactose

99 UDP-sugars, showing that the HA-UDP linkages turn over during HA biosynthesis.

100 perception that carotenoids are simply being turned over during wheat grain development after their i

101 The results demonstrate that myosin VI turns over dynamically on endocytic structures with a ch

102 % of the photoreceptor outer segment (OS) is turned over each day, requiring large amounts of lipid a

103 4% (mouse) of the cholesterol in these pools turns over each day so that the absolute flux of sterol

104 Although focal adhesions do not turn over efficiently in the trailing edge of arg-/- cel

105 sulting abasic (AP) site in DNA and does not turn over efficiently.

106 preference in k(cat)/K(m) for 5 but did not turn over either of the two anti diketides.

107 is coupled to activation of a catalyst that turns over encapsulated substrates on the inside of the

108 Furthermore, structural data of the turning-over enzyme were obtained through inter- and int

109 Although RPA rapidly turns over Exo1, multiple cycles of nuclease rebinding a

110 ess than three seconds, caused the amount of turn-over expected over three hours (2.0-3.8 hours) of u

111 4+CD25+CD69- cells in the pancreas, actively turning over, expressing the clonotypic receptor, and co

112 Because crypts turn over extremely rapidly (about once per week), somat

113 downstream effector of FAK-Src signaling in turning over FAs.

114 Nucleosomes turn over faster at sites for trithorax-group than polyc

115 that naive T cells either persist longer or turn over faster to maintain T-cell homeostasis.

116 ta, SHP2, AKT1, and ERK1/ERK2 (p44/42 MAPK), turned over faster in BAPN-treated than in control SMCs.

117 retarded appearance of O(2) following single turn-over flashes, especially in the case of the D1-R64E

118 etween the catalytic reverse water gas shift turn over frequency (TOF) and the fraction of Rhiso site

119 culture system in which infected T cells are turned over frequently to provide a model system that ex

120 However, peptidyl-tRNA still turned over from nonstop-paused ribosomes at a significa

121 urified mixture of both from rat selectively turned over HOSCN (kcat = 357 +/- 16 min(-1); Km = 31.9

122 f the GES-type beta-lactamase family, GES-1, turns over imipenem poorly, but the GES-5 beta-lactamase

123 es are highly susceptible to proteolysis and turned over immediately after APC/C activation.

124 whereas those within well-defined complexes turn over in a coordinated manner.

125 Although all of the mutants turn over in a manner similar to their respective wild-t

126 PCs, unlike other nuclear structures, do not turn over in differentiated cells.

127 xtremely long-lived proteins (ELLPs) did not turn over in postmitotic cells of the rat central nervou

128 ime as the channels that govern excitability turn over in the membrane?

129 rity of the bound guanine nucleotides do not turn over in vivo during one cell cycle period.

130 tory complex I (CI; EC 1.6.5.3) are shown to turn over in vivo, and we propose a role in an ancestral

131 T cells was attributable to their ability to turn over in vivo, probably in response to the presence

132 It is known that Tip60 is turned over in cells by the ubiquitin-proteasome system.

133 he Nrf2 transcription factor is more rapidly turned over in cells grown under homeostatic conditions

134 in, a negative regulator of GA signaling, is turned over in GA-treated cells in the presence and abse

135 Malonyl-CoA is rapidly turned over in mammalian cells, and the activities of ac

136 pressed in all cells and then preferentially turned over in one or the other cell type.

137 ne target of GSK-3beta is cyclin D, which is turned over in response to this phosphorylation.

138 transcription factor is still appropriately turned over in stressed cells, albeit with an increased

139 n stability analysis suggested that FlaA was turned over in the flaB mutant.

140 ganization lies at the heart of how OMPs are turned over in the membrane.

141 splicing, unspliced RNA but not spliced RNA turned over in the nucleus more rapidly than wild-type R

142 n mammalian cells, significantly more RNA is turned over in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm.

143 rapidly individual R1 and R2 insertions are turned over in the rDNA locus by these processes, we hav

144 st Saccharomyces cerevisiae, LDs can also be turned over in vacuoles/lysosomes by a process that morp

145 tion, with each catalyst molecule capable of turning over in excess of 40 substrates.

146 asic, with greater than 90% of the viral RNA turning over in the nucleus with a half-life of 20 to 40

147 exhibit appreciable polar solvent tolerance, turning over in the presence of ethyl ether, acetone, an

148 Actin in moving actin cones turns over in about 12 minutes, although prior to onset

149 steady state the heart macrophage population turns over in approximately 1 month.

150 t least some of the proteins and chlorophyll turned over independently from each other.

151 covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) were turned over independently of cell division.

152 nly known mechanism whereby mitochondria are turned over is through macroautophagy.

153 Although alkylated TrxR is unable to turn over its natural substrate Trx, it can reduce low M

154 diates in the catalytic cycle, as the enzyme turns over its natural substrate.

155 ncentrations (0.53 ppmv/0.40 nM) and rapidly turned over (lifetime </= 2.1 y(-1)).

156 ecular microarchitecture, and decreased bone turn over markers in an ovariectomized rodent model for

157 hotosynthetic oxygen evolution, is a rapidly turned over membrane protein complex.

158 ysis revealed that pre-termination ribosomes turn over more rapidly in DeltaL9 cells, suggesting that

159 In 6-month-old mice, spines turn over more slowly in visual compared to somatosensor

160 We also found that released complexes turn over more slowly than promoter-bound complexes, ind

161 ch as the liver and pancreatic islets, which turn over more slowly, use alternative strategies, inclu

162 ly arrested B cells appeared less mature and turned over more rapidly than nontransgenic T2 cells, ex

163 kely that the content of the telomere arrays turns over more extensively than has been thought.

164 Surprisingly, oxyferrous cyt P450 turns over more slowly with a rate constant of 0.09 s(-1

165 Nonetheless, neuronal NAA is dynamic and turns over more than once each day by cycling, via extra

166 f the cytochrome b6f complex in mutant cells turned over much more rapidly than in wild-type cells.

167 approximately 20 nm it blue-shifts but then turns over near d approximately 12 nm and strongly red-s

168 However, only FDP competently turns over NO to N2O.

169 of stable perijunctional bundles and rapidly turning-over nonjunctional filaments.

170 der fast growth and the high energy costs of turning over nonribosomal proteins under slow growth.

171 ty toward the oxidation of cyclohexane, with turn-over numbers, to the best of our knowledge, higher

172 rexate through decreasing DHFR by increasing turn-over of cyclin D1.

173 for all reactions, as well as synthesis and turn-over of Lux proteins.

174 Due to the high turn-over of poultry, viral amplification was likely to

175 In vitro, ADO turned over only three times, but addition of more ADO t

176 however, has changed the basic paradigms for turning over operating rooms, dramatically reducing nonp

177 ly churn out progeny in tissues that rapidly turn over or are subject to sudden injuries or growth sp

178 Purified ARSK turned over p-nitrocatechol and p-nitrophenyl sulfate.

179 mbrane-bound protein of this organism, Tp47, turns over penicillins.

180 Whether Sac1 can act in trans and turn over PI4P at the Golgi and PM from the ER remains a

181 mune response is mainly comprised of rapidly turning over plasmablasts that, according to BrdU labeli

182 nd B, and associate with axonemal precursors/turn over products.

183 e data demonstrate that - even for a rapidly turned-over protein such as Myc - metabolically stable a

184 process requires the synthesis of a rapidly turning over protein.

185 Lens proteins, which do not turn over, provide a useful system to examine such proce

186 we identified that Sac3, a phosphatase that turns over PtdIns(3,5)P(2), associates with the PIKfyve-

187 hosphatase, Fig4, in association with Vac14, turns over PtdIns(3,5)P2, but whether such a mechanism o

188 that only certain components of stereocilia turn over quickly, that rapid turnover occurs only in ne

189 tant microsatellites originated recently and turn over quickly.

190 ating that the enzyme in postmitotic neurons turns over quickly.

191 As polyphosphoinositides turn over rapidly and are exceptionally abundant in nerv

192 steady-state ensembles of microtubules that turn over rapidly and slide poleward in some systems.

193 Cells in intestinal epithelia turn over rapidly due to damage from digestion and toxin

194 umstances, the viral population continues to turn over rapidly during therapy, albeit at a much reduc

195 species, we confirm that consensus sites can turn over rapidly even when the local cluster of sites i

196 Charged tRNAs turn over rapidly in cells, and variations in charged tR

197 n hydrolysates is effective, but CK does not turn over rapidly in muscle, contrary to previous report

198 Transitional B cells turn over rapidly in vivo and are sensitive to apoptosis

199 ple labeled dynein heavy-chain molecules and turn over rapidly within seconds.

200 sclerotic lesions, we found that macrophages turn over rapidly, after 4 weeks.

201 s across the genome, are largely functional, turn over rapidly, and possess a phenotype that is disti

202 The phosphorylated forms of CheB and CheY turn over rapidly, enabling receptor signaling complexes

203 h synthesis is stimulated by light appear to turn over rapidly, usually within 0.5 hour of formation.

204 Neurons can last a lifetime, but proteins turn over rapidly.

205 tably palmitoylated proteins from those that turn over rapidly.

206 wound-induced beta-expansin mRNA appears to turn over rapidly.

207 e expressed in the heart, have been found to turn over rapidly.

208 proximal and rim Hfq sites for stability and turn over rapidly.

209 not controlled; instead, the L transcript is turned over rapidly late in infection.

210 assays demonstrated that the LHY protein is turned over rapidly through the proteasome pathway.

211 loading was irreversible, but CDC-6 and ORC turned over rapidly, consistent with ORC/CDC-6 loading m

212 In addition, COX-2 protein is turned over rapidly.

213 ivity but loses membrane localization and is turned over rapidly.

214 NA increased steadily after myoblast fusion, turning over rapidly, as revealed after treatment with e

215 ase experiments indicate that DBMsignal/PHMs turns over rapidly after exiting the trans-Golgi network

216 However, phosphorylation of this site turns over rapidly and mediates 14-3-3 binding to Rictor

217 Like many synaptic proteins, rapsyn turns over rapidly at synapses.

218 ICP0, a major regulatory protein of HSV-1, turns over rapidly early in infection but becomes stable

219 Eukaryotic chromatin is highly dynamic and turns over rapidly even in the absence of DNA replicatio

220 the lifestyle of HSV-1 requires an ICP0 that turns over rapidly if late proteins are absent.

221 Selenoprotein P turns over rapidly in rat plasma with the consequence th

222 We found that plasma S1P turns over rapidly with a half-life of approximately 15

223 CD) is a key regulator of membrane fluidity, turns over rapidly, and represents a model for selective

224 polymerase III from an intragenic promoter, turns over rapidly, and shares sequence identity with Al

225 Unlike Bcl2, Mcl1 turns over rapidly, but the physiological significance o

226 AA-NAT protein in the retina turns over rapidly, reflecting a balance of de novo synt

227 sults indicate that the BB population of M1A turns over rapidly, while its head and tail domains inte

228 periments reveal that centrosome-bound SYS-1 turns over rapidly.

229 rneal keratinocytes by maintaining epidermal turn-over rate, and protecting HCKs against stress.

230 e of platinum active sites required for high turn over rates of the oxygen reduction reaction.

231 c activities where the edges of the crystals turn over reactions.

232 r, the mechanisms by which synaptic proteins turn over remain elusive.

233 their expression is controlled by a rapidly turning over repressor.

234 an essential endoribonuclease that not only turns over RNA but also processes certain key RNA precur

235 ic subunits of chlorophyll biosynthesis that turn over significantly more rapidly than the average pr

236 more, alpha-actinin and myosin minifilaments turned over significantly faster than F-actin.

237 3R-HpODE), mutant Y193H is inactivated after turning over significantly fewer substrate molecules tha

238 In vivo, FtsZ is turned over slower in a clpX deletion mutant compared wi

239 s-bridged and membrane-bound actin filaments turn over slowly and persist, whereas poorly cross-linke

240 ctive organs are rich in elastic fibers that turn over slowly in most adult tissues but undergo massi

241 The compounds studied were turned over slowly or not at all by acetylcholinesterase

242 ng mRNAs were transcribed constitutively and turned over slowly.

243 is largely quiescent, with airway epithelia turning over slowly.

244 plification assay in which gel-bound enzymes turn over small molecule substrate into fluorescent prod

245 r data show that nondenervated granule cells turn over spines spontaneously while keeping their spine

246 our results demonstrate that Sac1p primarily turns over Stt4p-generated PtdIns(4)P and that the membr

247 seases, spines in surviving cortical regions turn over substantially, potentially forming new synapti

248 The reaction time required to turn over substrates at 1 ng/mL was only approximately 1

249 binding site is important for the enzyme to turn over substrates rapidly at low micromolar metal ion

250 trict substrate specificity and is unable to turn over substrates that are epimeric at the beta-, gam

251 the entire staircase stereocilia bundle was turned over synchronously.

252 dynamic cytoskeletal filaments that rapidly turn over (t(1/2)< approximately 45 s) in fluorescence r

253 veal that 70% of centrosomal Nek2 is rapidly turned over (t(1/2) approximately 3 s).

254 About half of the motors are slowly turned over (T(1/2): approximately 98 s) and they are ke

255 d final borylation of an Ar-Cu(I) species to turn over the catalytic cycle.

256 ds to the preferential ordering of the first turn over the second turn in each isomer, binding of Fab

257 the preferential stabilization of the first turn over the second turn in each isomer; and binding le

258 Additional maneuvers included turning over the graft when oriented upside down (flushi

259 ted oxidation as a major catabolic route for turning over the JA-Ile hormone.

260 ulence is not known, but it is known that it turns over the bacterial cell wall.

261 ion-dependent exchange reaction occurs which turns over the bound protein, with a rate of k(exch) = 6

262 itrosoglutathione reductase 1 (GSNOR1) which turns over the natural NO donor, S-nitrosoglutathione (G

263 t, during firing at 1 Hz, different synapses turn over their recycling vesicle pools at different rat

264 etal oxide catalyst and its metal support in turning over this reaction.

265 nce supporting the idea that synaptic AMPARs turn over through a constitutive endocytotic process and

266 T-cell populations are thought to completely turn over through proliferation within a 2- to 3-mo peri

267 al BCL2 family members in that it is rapidly turned over through the action of ubiquitin ligases.

268 The proteins of the eye lens, which do not turn over throughout life, undergo many modifications, s

269 Since fat tissue turns over throughout life, preadipocyte characteristics

270 Actin turns over throughout the cone, with that at the leading

271 onent of the remodeling process of this fast turning over tissue, the decline in the synthesis rate o

272 omote the reductive cleavage of SAM, 6-CP is turned over to 6-deoxyadenosylpterin (6-dAP), presumably

273 llocated to an endosperm that are eventually turned over to an embryo.

274 of HPP but added bulky terminal groups were turned over to give products analogous to those from (R)

275 in PTI signaling and that it is continuously turned over to maintain cellular homeostasis.

276 that lack a second hydroxyl group cannot be turned over to products, although they can bind to the a

277 with pressure up to ~3-5 GPa, above which it turns over to normal (positive) pressure dependence.

278 Escherichia coli, the human enzyme can also turn over UDP-GlcNAc to UDP-GalNAc and vice versa.

279 experiments suggest that MKP1 is constantly turned-over under non-stress conditions and that MKP1 is

280 unstable transcripts, including transcripts turned over upon differentiation.

281 n barrier, degrade host immunoglobulins, and turn over variant surface coat glycoproteins of T. bruce

282 th synaptic and extrasynaptic elements, that turns over very slowly.

283 lls, but is a mostly sessile population that turns over very slowly.

284 They turn over via the symmetric cycle.

285 ing or whether developmental transcripts are turned over via specific pathways.

286 RNAs and certain regulatory RNAs are rapidly turned over, whereas mature tRNA and ribosomal RNA are h

287 e, we found that ductal epithelial cells are turned over with a half time of approximately 1month in

288 Endogenously synthesized TC-R turned over with a half-life (T(1/2)) of 8 h following i

289 e two proteins is not known, but both can be turned over with AhpF from Salmonella typhimurium or, pa

290 The dehalogenation reactions could be turned over with catalytic amounts of photosensitizers b

291 Fe protein (alpha-70(Ala)/alpha-195(Gln)) is turned over with hydrazine as substrate, the FeMo-cofact

292 hat diverse aryl and alkyl phosphoesters are turned over with similar catalytic efficiency.

293 deleterious to cells, is extremely unstable, turning over with a half-life of 2 min.

294 , with that at the leading edge of the cones turning over with slightly faster kinetics.

295 utside of a small region at stereocilia tips turns over with a very slow, months-long half-life.

296 termediate generated when the resting enzyme turns over with alkyl peroxides, is rapidly followed by

297 outer halves of the telomeric repeat tracts turn over within a few hundred cell divisions, while the

298 der of 24,000 tons, of which two-thirds were turned over within 1 week.

299 However, EBP50 was highly dynamic, turning over within seconds.

300 nstant for zinc release from the most slowly turning over zinc pool.