ライフサイエンスコーパス: typhoid

1 rget T-cell immunity during establishment of typhoid.

2 ammatory cytokine responses resembling human typhoid.

3 during and following antibiotic treatment of typhoid.

4 Travel to southern Asia was common (82% for typhoid, 97% for paratyphoid A).

5 the recommended antimicrobial treatment for typhoid, a severe systemic infection caused by the bacte

6 2341 enteric fever cases were reported, 80% typhoid and 20% paratyphoid A.

7 Among 1091 (58%) typhoid and 262 (56%) paratyphoid A isolates tested for

8 set was reported by 1961 (86%) patients (86% typhoid and 92% paratyphoid A).

9 n for two gastrointestinal tract infections: typhoid and cholera.

10 isms that underpin the pathogenesis of human typhoid and host restriction.

11 ework to facilitate global management of MDR typhoid and is applicable to similar MDR lineages emergi

12 Evidence from three simultaneous typhoid and malaria epidemics suggest that typhoid fever

13 ongenital syphilis, whooping cough, measles, typhoid and parathyroid, leishmaniasis, acute hepatitis

14 t the first comprehensive report of National Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever Surveillance System (NTPFS

15 almonella enterica causes systemic diseases (typhoid and paratyphoid fever), nontyphoidal septicemia

16 A bivalent typhoid and paratyphoid vaccine is needed.

17 than blood culture in terms of detection of typhoid and paratyphoid.

18 The contrasting effects on typhoid and rabies responses suggest that antibody gener

19 an challenge model advanced understanding of typhoid and was used in vaccine development.

20 ic challenge that was resolved through rapid typhoid antibody testing in the field and subsequent blo

21 on cholesterol gallbladder stones facilitate typhoid carriage in mice and men.

22 o experiments using a chronic mouse model of typhoid carriage showed invasion and damage of the gallb

23 fever has been intensively studied, chronic typhoid carriage still represents a problem for the tran

24 ls with gallstones are more likely to become typhoid carriers, and antibiotic treatments are often in

25 procedure was developed for the detection of typhoid causing extremely lethal water borne pathogen Sa

26 sensor which rapidly and sensitively detects typhoid-causing infectious bacteria Salmonella enterica

27 arkedly different from that seen in previous typhoid challenge studies.

28 Compared with typhoid challenge, paratyphoid was notable for high rate

29 must include vaccine strategies with the new typhoid conjugate vaccines.

30 Typhoid continues to be a major cause of morbidity, part

31 diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics for typhoid control.

32 Antibiotic treatment was initiated if typhoid diagnosis occurred (temperature >/=38 degrees C

33 The composite criteria for typhoid diagnosis was met in 24 (77%) of 31 participants

34 veral limitations, there is a need for novel typhoid diagnostics with improved sensitivity and more r

35 that an increase in the transmissibility of typhoid due to the emergence of drug resistance associat

36 ld not fully explain the observed pattern of typhoid emergence in Blantyre, whereas models allowing f

37 In typhoid endemic Mexico City, 5% of enrolled cholelithias

38 ted in vitro in the laboratory and then in a typhoid-endemic population, in Karachi, Pakistan, and in

39 h a ready-to-eat frozen food imported from a typhoid-endemic region.

40 tion, infection, or prolonged residency in a typhoid-endemic region.

41 Typhoid (enteric fever) remains a major cause of morbidi

42 fewer households with >/=1 reported case of typhoid fever (cumulative incidence ratio [CIR] = 0.58,

43 Few instances of typhoid fever (n = 8), acute HIV infection (n = 5), and

44 rologically based tests for the diagnosis of typhoid fever (Widal TO and TH, anti-serotype Typhi immu

45 vada Health District detected an outbreak of typhoid fever among persons who had not recently travell

46 yphi causes an estimated 22 million cases of typhoid fever and 216 000 deaths annually worldwide.

47 s the potential to reduce both the burden of typhoid fever and associated health inequality.

48 lts in an enteric fever that resembles human typhoid fever and has been used as a model for typhoid f

49 INTERPRETATION: Typhoid fever and iNTS disease are major causes of invas

50 Typhoid fever and iNTS disease incidences were corrected

51 measure the adjusted incidence estimates of typhoid fever and invasive non-typhoidal salmonella (iNT

52 Typhoid fever and nontyphoidal bacteremia caused by Salm

53 Reporting of individual cases of typhoid fever and subtyping of isolates by PFGE resulted

54 cation of sensitive and specific markers for typhoid fever and technology to manufacture practical an

55 city limits the ability to recognize endemic typhoid fever and to detect outbreaks.

56 for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and c

57 Vaccines for cholera and typhoid fever are available, and new vaccines are in var

58 Current serological diagnostic assays for typhoid fever are based on detecting antibodies against

59 typhoid fever in patients who have clinical typhoid fever but are culture negative or in regions whe

60 a selective advantage in the mouse model of typhoid fever but have no such advantage in invasion of

61 National surveillance for typhoid fever can inform prevention and treatment recomm

62 We report a typhoid fever case with a Salmonella enterica serovar Ty

63 onella Typhi) causes an estimated 22 million typhoid fever cases and 216 000 deaths annually worldwid

64 In Blantyre, Malawi, a dramatic increase in typhoid fever cases has recently occurred, and may be li

65 plore hypotheses for the increased number of typhoid fever cases in Blantyre, we fit a mathematical m

66 munogenic vaccine that significantly reduces typhoid fever cases when assessed using a stringent cont

67 Humans are uniquely susceptible to typhoid fever caused by infection with Salmonella enteri

68 ory properties in serum of participants with typhoid fever confirmed the activity of this pathway, an

69 acity for detection is critical to improving typhoid fever control.

70 Although typhoid fever has been intensively studied, chronic typh

71 ver a century, a correlate of protection for typhoid fever has yet to be identified.

72 s in 10.3%, urinary tract infection in 5.9%, typhoid fever in 3.7%, skin or mucosal infection in 1.5%

73 vel manifests as increased susceptibility to typhoid fever in a Vietnamese population.

74 ng blood culture, to populations at risk for typhoid fever in Africa will improve outbreak detection,

75 hi, reproduces many of the acute symptoms of typhoid fever in an animal model.

76 An outbreak of typhoid fever in Florida involving at least 16 persons d

77 s also implicated in a 1998-1999 outbreak of typhoid fever in Florida.

78 thogen Salmonella Typhi (6,7) , the cause of typhoid fever in humans (8-12) .

79 terica serovar Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever in humans, forms biofilms encapsulated by

80 phoid-like disease in mice and is a model of typhoid fever in humans.

81 use food- and waterborne gastroenteritis and typhoid fever in humans.

82 has been studied extensively as a model for typhoid fever in humans.

83 The AIR of iNTS and typhoid fever in individuals younger than 15 years old w

84 e tests could be of use for the diagnosis of typhoid fever in patients who have clinical typhoid feve

85 he human homologue, NRAMP1, in resistance to typhoid fever in southern Vietnam.

86 st response of 29 individuals who contracted typhoid fever in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam.

87 Typhoid fever in the United States has increasingly been

88 ort a large laboratory-confirmed outbreak of typhoid fever in Uganda with a high proportion of intest

89 Typhoid fever in United States is often associated with

90 ican countries are now thought to experience typhoid fever incidence >100 per 100,000 per year with a

91 Estimated typhoid fever incidence in the community survey was 8092

92 children in low-income households and lower typhoid fever incidence, suggesting that intermittently

93 We found that typhoid fever induced a distinct and highly reproducible

94 Typhoid fever is a life-threatening disease, but little

95 ich result in self-limiting gastroenteritis, typhoid fever is a life-threatening systemic disease.

96 Typhoid fever is a major global health problem, the cont

97 Typhoid fever is a significant cause of morbidity and mo

98 tant S. Typhi strains among US patients with typhoid fever is associated with travel to the Indian su

99 Typhoid fever is common in developing countries.

100 typhimurium) infection in the mouse model of typhoid fever is critically dependent on the natural res

101 ar Typhi have been reported in regions where typhoid fever is endemic.

102 s typhoid and malaria epidemics suggest that typhoid fever might activate P vivax hypnozoites.

103 Protection against typhoid fever might be best achieved by a vaccine that s

104 In the murine typhoid fever model, Deltanth/nei was fivefold attenuate

105 ospitalizations, 249 IPs, and 47 deaths from typhoid fever occurred; Salmonella Typhi was isolated fr

106 This typhoid fever outbreak was detected because of an elevat

107 te, an important but underresearched area of typhoid fever pathogenesis.

108 of neutrophils in intestinal infiltrates of typhoid fever patients is due to a capsule-mediated redu

109 hils are scarce in intestinal infiltrates of typhoid fever patients.

110 to improvements in therapeutic treatment of typhoid fever patients.

111 Control of typhoid fever relies on clinical information, diagnosis,

112 Laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever requires isolation and identification of S

113 Typhoid fever seen in the United States was multidrug re

114 how VAC14 regulates Salmonella invasion and typhoid fever susceptibility and may open doors to new p

115 ulence factor that can reproduce most of the typhoid fever symptoms in experimental animals.

116 ted blood was found to be lower during acute typhoid fever than after a course of antimicrobial thera

117 A suspected case of typhoid fever was defined as fever and abdominal pain in

118 or parasitic infection other than malaria or typhoid fever was found in 13.3% of children, nasopharyn

119 ride (LPS) of whole blood from patients with typhoid fever was investigated.

120 high, especially among newborn infants, but typhoid fever was uncommon.

121 from patients with the clinical symptoms of typhoid fever were also investigated.

122 ifty-four outbreaks of domestically acquired typhoid fever were reported between 1960 and 1999.

123 sera from 74 volunteers without a history of typhoid fever who were immunized orally with CVD 908-htr

124 evelop a hematopathological syndrome akin to typhoid fever with splenomegaly, microcytic anemia, extr

125 nce factor of Salmonella Typhi (the cause of typhoid fever), recapitulates in an animal model many sy

126 Salmonella Typhi is the cause of typhoid fever, a disease that has challenged humans thro

127 serovar Typhi can infect only humans causing typhoid fever, a life-threatening systemic disease.

128 yphi (S. typhi) is the aetiological agent of typhoid fever, a serious invasive bacterial disease of h

129 s with neurologic findings, determined to be typhoid fever, along the Malawi-Mozambique border.

130 Ag from Salmonella typhi can protect against typhoid fever, although the mechanism for its efficacy i

131 n Salmonella Typhi, the bacteria that causes Typhoid fever, are now challenging this view.

132 protecting against S. sonnei shigellosis and typhoid fever, as compared with the current Ty21a vaccin

133 e gastrointestinal illness, bloody diarrhea, typhoid fever, cholera, hepatitis, and deaths of childre

134 var Typhi (S. Typhi), the causative agent of typhoid fever, exhibits limited DNA sequence variation,

135 erica serotype Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, expression of the Vi capsular antigen red

136 la enterica, the cause of food poisoning and typhoid fever, has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to m

137 la enterica, the cause of food poisoning and typhoid fever, induces actin cytoskeleton rearrangements

138 a, the causative agent of food poisoning and typhoid fever, induces programmed cell death in macropha

139 Salmonella Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, is a monophyletic, human-restricted bacte

140 Typhi (S. Typhi), the aetiological agent of typhoid fever, is an exclusively human pathogen.

141 monella enterica serovar Typhi, the cause of typhoid fever, is host-adapted to humans and unable to c

142 phi, a human obligatory pathogen that causes typhoid fever, is normally unable to infect mice.

143 ible for a wide variety of diseases, such as typhoid fever, large-scale food-borne illnesses, dysente

144 common travel-related diseases (eg, malaria, typhoid fever, pneumonia, and meningococcemia) may resul

145 ica serotype Typhi, the etiological agent of typhoid fever, produces the Vi capsular antigen, a virul

146 , we demonstrate that the causative agent of typhoid fever, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, can pa

147 In acute typhoid fever, the ability of peripheral blood leukocyte

148 we demonstrate that, in adult patients with typhoid fever, the sensitivity of a serological test bas

149 vaccines in use in humans to protect against typhoid fever, there are none that prevent enterocolitis

150 sseminated febrile illness in humans, termed typhoid fever, while Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimu

151 ive bacteria, including purveyors of plague, typhoid fever, whooping cough, sexually transmitted infe

152 ent remain powerful tools for the control of typhoid fever, yet the huge economic costs and long time

153 Because typhoid fever-causing Salmonella have no known environme

154 ibute to the virulence of the bacterium in a typhoid fever-mouse model, based on results from strains

155 nd may help the development of therapies for typhoid fever.

156 i is an exclusive human pathogen that causes typhoid fever.

157 systemic infections like gastroenteritis and typhoid fever.

158 potentially life-saving therapeutics against typhoid fever.

159 to protect against S. sonnei shigellosis and typhoid fever.

160 life-threatening systemic infection known as typhoid fever.

161 of mice that models acute and chronic human typhoid fever.

162 ic agent of human gastroenteritis and murine typhoid fever.

163 nduce many of the symptoms characteristic of typhoid fever.

164 hemophagocytes in a natural model of murine typhoid fever.

165 cimens from 30 patients were consistent with typhoid fever.

166 fication of correlates of protection against typhoid fever.

167 and devise strategies for the prevention of typhoid fever.

168 human infections including enterocolitis and typhoid fever.

169 ellin-deficient mutants of Salmonella causes typhoid fever.

170 monella enterica serovar Typhi, the cause of typhoid fever.

171 phoid fever and has been used as a model for typhoid fever.

172 of diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to typhoid fever.

173 epatitis A and B, tuberculosis, malaria, and typhoid fever.

174 e commercial kits for serologic diagnosis of typhoid fever.

175 cause systemic infection in mouse models of typhoid fever.

176 ht play an important role in protection from typhoid fever.

177 train Ty2, a human-specific pathogen causing typhoid fever.

178 ey factor influencing host susceptibility to typhoid fever.

179 ly step in the infectious process leading to typhoid fever.

180 was also depressed during the acute stage of typhoid fever.

181 y protective immune responses against murine typhoid fever.

182 ca serovar Typhi causes the systemic disease typhoid fever.

183 manifestations ranging from enterocolitis to typhoid fever.

184 rapeutic and prevention strategies to combat typhoid fever.

185 ca serovar Typhi is the etiological agent of typhoid fever.

186 nce factor of Salmonella Typhi, the cause of typhoid fever.

187 tryptophan metabolism in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever.

188 itulates in an animal model many symptoms of typhoid fever.

189 ing live attenuated vaccines for measles and typhoid fever.

190 ican sentinel sites with previous reports of typhoid fever: Burkina Faso (two sites), Ethiopia, Ghana

191 fectiousness and/or the transmission rate of typhoid following the emergence of the H58 haplotype pro

192 d diagnostic test (RDT) can rapidly diagnose typhoid from blood cultures.

193 yletic population structure, indicating that typhoid in humans is a relatively new disease.

194 type may help to explain recent outbreaks of typhoid in Malawi and similar settings in Africa.

195 ived only one injection, there was 1 case of typhoid in the vaccine group and 8 cases in the placebo

196 The mechanism of quinolone resistant typhoid in Vietnam was better elucidated.

197 nella Typhi which causes systemic infection, typhoid, in humans.

198 he proportion of participants diagnosed with typhoid infection (ie, attack rate), defined as persiste

199 cant role for type 1 immunity in controlling typhoid infection and support the continuing evaluation

200 Antibodies are produced in response to typhoid infection and vaccination and are generally used

201 Participants who developed typhoid infection demonstrated serological responses to

202 using an established outpatient-based human typhoid infection model, we recruited healthy adult volu

203 ture over a 2-week period and diagnosed with typhoid infection when meeting pre-defined criteria.

204 evelopment of a new human challenge model of typhoid infection.

205 sessed using a stringent controlled model of typhoid infection.

206 e disease in mice that serves as a model for typhoid infections in humans.

207 The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) typhoid is a major global health threat affecting many c

208 4-year period in a region of Pakistan where typhoid is endemic, 12 tested negative for Vi expression

209 Fluoroquinolone-resistant typhoid is increasing.

210 One of the hallmarks of typhoid is persistence, the ability of the bacteria to s

211 monella enterica serovar Typhi, the cause of typhoid, is host restricted to humans.

212 lmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium causes typhoid-like disease in mice and is a model of typhoid f

213 that causes gastroenteritis in humans and a typhoid-like disease in mice and is often used as a mode

214 elf-limiting gastroenteritis in humans and a typhoid-like disease in mice that serves as a model for

215 onella enterica serovar Typhimurium causes a typhoid-like disease in mice which has been studied exte

216 rica serovar Typhimurium results in systemic typhoid-like disease, and a more recently characterized

217 KO mice were resistant to Salmonella-induced typhoid-like disease.

218 istance of TLR5KO mice to Salmonella-induced typhoid-like illness resulted from alterations in their

219 causes human gastroenteritis and a systemic typhoid-like infection in mice.

220 ogen causing gastroenteritis in humans and a typhoid-like systemic disease in mice.

221 y of mammalian hosts and in rodents causes a typhoid-like systemic disease involving replication of b

222 dy, we examined the role of flagellin in the typhoid-like systemic murine Salmonella infection by mea

223 d molecular resistance testing could improve typhoid management and surveillance in low-resource sett

224 um required for an attack rate of 60%-75% in typhoid-naive volunteers when ingested with sodium bicar

225 spotted fever, occurred more frequently than typhoid or dengue.

226 Typhoid or measles-mumps-rubella vaccination was associa

227 e the vaccine-preventable burden of malaria, typhoid, paediatric influenza, and dengue, and to identi

228 hat were differentially reactive among acute typhoid patients and healthy controls.

229 Thus, bacteria in the bone marrow of typhoid patients are less affected by antibiotic treatme

230 e detected by PCR in the peripheral blood of typhoid patients in this region.

231 intestinal resection in cases of intestinal typhoid perforations.

232 The incubation period for typhoid, polio, measles, leukemia and many other disease

233 these data describe a robust animal model of typhoid relapse and identify an important intestinal pha

234 he removal of MLNs increased the severity of typhoid relapse, demonstrating that this organ serves as

235 we review the latest scientific advances in typhoid research and discuss how these novel approaches

236 ually caused by 4 major enteropathogens: non-typhoid Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Shigella sp

237 ll like the parent in their ability to cause typhoid salmonellosis.

238 an-restricted bacterial pathogen that causes typhoid, show limited genetic variation.

239 rain and immune cells, which is in line with typhoid symptoms.

240 clude tuberculosis, leprosy, bubonic plague, typhoid, syphilis, endemic and epidemic typhus, trench f

241 e a robust animal model of relapsing primary typhoid that initiates after apparently successful antib

242 nctional and structural relationship between typhoid toxin and ArtAB, an evolutionarily related AB5 t

243 Typhoid toxin binding to its glycan receptor Neu5Ac is c

244 Here, we report that typhoid toxin binds to and is toxic toward cells express

245 The atomic structure of typhoid toxin bound to Neu5Ac reveals the structural bas

246 ral, but, due to the ubiquity of Neu5Ac, how typhoid toxin causes specific symptoms remains elusive.

247 PltB, can form a functional complex with the typhoid toxin CdtB subunit after substitution of a singl

248 Here we show that typhoid toxin displays in vivo tropism to cells expressi

249 to Neu5Ac-terminated, glycans do not support typhoid toxin export.

250 Typhoid toxin has a unique A2B5 architecture with two co

251 , indicating that the host specialization of typhoid toxin has optimized its targeting mechanisms to

252 Typhoid toxin is a S. Typhi virulence factor that can re

253 Typhoid toxin is an essential virulence factor of Salmon

254 Typhoid toxin is an essential virulence factor of the hu

255 Typhoid toxin is secreted into the lumen of Salmonella-c

256 We show that typhoid toxin is sorted from the SCV into vesicle carrie

257 The discovery of typhoid toxin not only has provided major insight into t

258 Additionally, typhoid toxin packaging requires the specific SCV enviro

259 s to serve as the high-affinity receptor, as typhoid toxin possesses five identical binding pockets p

260 typhoid toxins and challenged with wild-type typhoid toxin presented neither the characteristic in vi

261 we find that the systemic administration of typhoid toxin, a unique virulence factor of S. Typhi, re

262 Typhoid toxin, a unique virulence factor of Salmonella T

263 ce glycoproteins that serve as receptors for typhoid toxin, which explains its broad cell target spec

264 tify host factors required for the export of typhoid toxin, which is exclusively encoded by the human

265 We present the atomic structure of typhoid toxin, which shows an unprecedented A2B5 organiz

266 aying Neu5Gc in all tissues are resistant to typhoid toxin.

267 also show that mice immunized with inactive typhoid toxins and challenged with wild-type typhoid tox

268 ive rapid immunoglobulin M antibody test for typhoid (TUBEX TF); a confirmed case required isolation

269 on two separate occasions, one 3 hours after typhoid vaccination and one 3 hours after saline (placeb

270 in 20 healthy participants before and after typhoid vaccination and saline control injection.

271 s performed in 20 healthy participants after typhoid vaccination and saline control injection.

272 Typhoid vaccination evoked a nearly threefold increase i

273 Typhoid vaccination led to the successful evasion of the

274 Response to typhoid vaccination was positively related to birth weig

275 erimental inflammation (intramuscular (i.m.) typhoid vaccination) and once after placebo (i.m. saline

276 h salbutamol (p = 0.03) responses fell after typhoid vaccination, and PCA (p = 0.7) was unchanged.

277 18 and 60 years, with no previous history of typhoid vaccination, infection, or prolonged residency i

278 hteen men were also studied before and after typhoid vaccination.

279 three volunteers orally immunized with Ty21a typhoid vaccine by flow cytometry using a panel of monoc

280 A promising live attenuated typhoid vaccine candidate strain for mucosal immunizatio

281 CVD 909 is an oral attenuated typhoid vaccine candidate that is engineered to constitu

282 aroD Delta htrA mutant), a leading live oral typhoid vaccine candidate, elicits specific CD4(+) and C

283 y2 aroC(-) ssaV(-)] ZH9) is a live oral-dose typhoid vaccine candidate.

284 e continuing evaluation of CVD 908-htrA as a typhoid vaccine candidate.

285 l model for evaluating the immunogenicity of typhoid vaccine candidates at the preclinical level.

286 Typhoid vaccine induced mild systemic inflammation at 8

287 The oral typhoid vaccine M01ZH09 is well tolerated and highly imm

288 isms elicited by immunization with the Ty21a typhoid vaccine remains elusive.

289 ith wild-type strain Ty2, licensed live oral typhoid vaccine strain Ty21a, or attenuated serovar Typh

290 his plasmid was introduced into the licensed typhoid vaccine strain, Salmonella enterica serovar Typh

291 erovar Typhi strain Ty21a, the licensed oral typhoid vaccine, and genetically attenuated mutants CVD

292 Only 58 travelers (5%) had received typhoid vaccine.

293 t baseline and at 8 hours and 32 hours after typhoid vaccine.

294 unteers immunized with S. typhi strain Ty21a typhoid vaccine.

295 n Ty21a remains the only licensed attenuated typhoid vaccine.

296 ific CD8+ T cells derived from PBMC of Ty21a typhoid vaccinees.

297 Live typhoid vaccines have not elicited anti-Vi antibody, pre

298 We show that immunization with typhoid Vi polysaccharide vaccine rapidly induces prolif

299 Typbar-TCV is a single-dose typhoid Vi polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vacci

300 Hepatitis A and typhoid were the most frequently administered vaccines.