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1 s not necessary for the normal expression of unconditioned affective behavioral responses to taste st
2 d reached lymphoid and GVHD target tissue in unconditioned allogeneic RAG2(-/-) gamma-chain(-/-) reci
3 irectional, and immediate, resulting in both unconditioned and conditioned changes in brain and behav
7 t had at least 1 affected offspring and used unconditioned and DRB1-conditioned transmission disequil
8 e 14k are anxiolytic in both conditioned and unconditioned animal models of anxiety with minimal seda
10 We found that BNST CRF-OE did not affect unconditioned anxiety-like responses in the elevated plu
11 ssion within BNST neurons on conditioned and unconditioned anxiety-related behavior by using a lentiv
13 t or no effect on a range of conditioned and unconditioned appetitive behaviors known to depend on me
14 mplicit regulation of emotion in response to unconditioned auditory threat in healthy controls with E
16 n between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned, aversive stimulus (US) but also involves
18 the BLA participates in the conditioned and unconditioned cat odor stimulus association that underli
19 xpression also drives formation of T-ALLs in unconditioned CD-1 nude mice, bypassing any requirements
20 nsplantation of purified exogenous HSCs into unconditioned congenic histocompatible strains of mice,
22 12,422 genes and ESTs from T and T- and the unconditioned control cells, 16 genes were found that ma
23 erate an antidonor humoral response, whereas unconditioned controls infused with similar numbers of B
27 tive of associative learning, but due to the unconditioned expression of estradiol's anorectic effect
29 of picrotoxin facilitated the expression of unconditioned eyeblinks evoked by trigeminal stimulation
30 mplete disappearance of both conditioned and unconditioned eyelid responses, and a progressive decrea
33 lesions of the PMd have been shown to reduce unconditioned fear in rats presented with either a cat o
38 amygdala is involved in mediating some acute unconditioned fear responses but challenge the notion th
43 Whether the PMd, AHN and VMH are involved in unconditioned fear to another predator odor derived from
45 neurotoxic lesions of MHDC nuclei in rats on unconditioned fear to TMT and shock-induced contextually
47 and oxytocin modulate brain regions involved unconditioned fear, processing of social stimuli and the
48 nts that examined maternal responses to this unconditioned fear-inducing odor were carried out in a s
58 Confirming modulation of incentive salience, unconditioned food intake was similarly increased by DAM
61 information of different modalities, mediate unconditioned freezing, and may be involved in developme
62 ocedures (81% vs 54%; P < .003), although in unconditioned haploidentical donor HCT, nonengraftment w
63 spective data on patients who have undergone unconditioned HCT from either URDs (n = 37) or MSDs (n =
65 one marrow stromal conditioned media (CM) or unconditioned media (UCM) with increasing concentrations
67 Here we demonstrate that hESCs cultured in unconditioned medium (UM) are subjected to high levels o
68 conditioned MEP at each interval to the mean unconditioned MEP: the higher the ratio, the less inhibi
71 nguished behaviorally by the US producing an unconditioned motor response whose form resembles that o
72 habit formation, striatal processing during unconditioned movements (i.e., licking) was characterize
73 scent protein (GFP) transgenic BM cells into unconditioned newborn STAT5ab(-/-) recipients of either
74 asured in the forced swim test, responses to unconditioned nociceptive stimuli, and elevated plus maz
75 of wild-type bone marrow-derived cells into unconditioned, nonirradiated Col4A3 knockout mice during
76 usion of unfractionated wild-type blood into unconditioned, nonirradiated Col4A3 knockout mice improv
77 show that odor exposure during STFP, but not unconditioned odor exposure, induces glomerulus-specific
80 sing male and female SHR rats exhibited more unconditioned orienting behavior than Wistar-Kyoto rats.
82 alcohol or were novel, while also increasing unconditioned port-entries during the intertrial interva
91 ged and older adults displayed reductions in unconditioned responding, discriminant conditioning, and
92 However, learning-related changes in the unconditioned response (UCR) produced by a predictable U
93 responses to cocaine self-administration, an unconditioned response to cocaine itself and a condition
94 lids consistently showed high percentages of unconditioned responses (UR) to the US, and the UR ampli
95 lowing a preconditioning test to measure any unconditioned responses to odor, mice received 5 pairing
99 neural circuits responsible for transforming unconditioned sensory stimuli and generating defensive b
101 at fetal ethanol exposure results in a tuned unconditioned sniffing and neurophysiological olfactory
103 generally aversive but socially nonspecific unconditioned stimuli (e.g., unpleasant odors and painfu
105 s a temporal gap between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli (the trace interval), requires per
106 pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant odors [the unconditioned stimuli (UCS)] in a partial reinforcement
109 ed state transitions; these stimuli included unconditioned stimuli (USs) (liquid rewards and aversive
110 he representations of rewarding and aversive unconditioned stimuli (USs) in the basolateral amygdala
111 Ss) predicted the occurrence of one of three unconditioned stimuli (USs): a large liquid reward, a sm
112 s on the balance between the strength of the unconditioned stimuli and on the motivational state of t
113 ng following two pairings of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli but appear normal following a more
114 same animals using the same conditioned and unconditioned stimuli for eyeblink and fear conditioning
116 i without the association of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli in the multisensory thalamic nucle
117 ng tasks where the timing of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli is not optimal for the induction o
118 ing paradigm consisting of socially relevant unconditioned stimuli of critical facial expressions and
120 generalization of unconditioned responses to unconditioned stimuli similar to the trauma may also be
121 Neural representations of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli therefore ultimately connect to US
122 derscore the importance of disorder-relevant unconditioned stimuli when studying the conditioning cor
124 g only 50% of conditioned stimuli with their unconditioned stimuli), and extinction (unpaired conditi
125 ociative learning, but not single context or unconditioned stimuli, induces rapid dephosphorylation (
127 ) inputs with neuromodulatory reinforcement (unconditioned stimuli, US), which for aversive learning
133 ich was paired with one of three audiovisual unconditioned stimuli: negative insults with critical fa
134 or in determining the reinforcement value of unconditioned stimuli: poorly predicted ("surprising") o
135 ditioned stimulus (30 s; 85 dB white noise)--unconditioned stimulus (2 s; 0.57 mA foot shock) pairing
138 ial, the conditioned stimulus (tone) and the unconditioned stimulus (corneal airpuff) were presented
139 different effects of various conditioned and unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) preexposure conditions on
140 e in the measurement of conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) time intervals during cla
142 to a conditioned stimulus (click CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (glabella tap US) were studied in
144 t study, skin conductance response (SCR) and unconditioned stimulus (UCS) expectancy were measured co
146 fail to produce aversive conditioning as an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) when presented in large amo
151 auditory nerve that immediately precedes an unconditioned stimulus (US) applied to the trigeminal ne
152 a conditioned stimulus (CS) must precede the unconditioned stimulus (US) by at least about 100 ms for
153 lus (CS) previously paired with a grid shock unconditioned stimulus (US) can greatly enhance the earl
156 onditional stimulus; CS) paired with a shock-unconditioned stimulus (US) does not emerge until postna
157 ip between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) during reactivation is suffi
159 tal shock or a corneal airpuff served as the unconditioned stimulus (US) in separate groups of sham o
161 a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) is often assumed to be funda
162 ion of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US) is separated in time by an i
164 e been widely hypothesized to be part of the unconditioned stimulus (US) pathway of odor-shock classi
165 oning, such as conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) pathway, is important for un
166 CSs) that have a pre-existing relation to an unconditioned stimulus (US) rather than learning about a
167 to provide the cerebellum with a "teaching" unconditioned stimulus (US) signal required for cerebell
168 ditory conditioned stimulus (CS) and a shock unconditioned stimulus (US) that are separated by a 20-s
169 ditory conditioned stimulus (CS) and a shock unconditioned stimulus (US) that are separated by a 20-s
170 stimulus (CS) followed by an air puff as an unconditioned stimulus (US) that coterminated with it.
172 diated EBC deficits and the intensity of the unconditioned stimulus (US) was explored in the current
173 odification (CRM)--changes in the NMR to the unconditioned stimulus (US) when tested in the absence o
174 ) nictitating membrane responses (NMR) to an unconditioned stimulus (US) when the US is tested by its
175 tioned stimulus (CS) and the delivery of the unconditioned stimulus (US), and delay conditioning, in
176 (CS), light CS, and periorbital stimulation unconditioned stimulus (US), rats received associative t
177 of Pavlovian conditioning using food as the unconditioned stimulus (US), some rats (sign-trackers) c
178 rates the conditioned stimulus (CS) from the unconditioned stimulus (US), the association of which ha
179 tioned response (CR) after reexposure to the unconditioned stimulus (US)--and spontaneous recovery--t
180 ity only during the trace interval, and some unconditioned stimulus (US)-coding cells will shift in t
192 CS+) was paired with sucrose delivery [i.e., unconditioned stimulus (US)], and the other stimulus (i.
194 0 seconds, 85 dB white noise) paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US, 2 seconds, 0.57 mA footshock
196 mulus (CS; 3 sec) and a fear-producing shock unconditioned stimulus (US; 0.5 sec) separated by a sile
199 onditioned stimulus (CS; saccharin, SAC) and unconditioned stimulus (US; lithium chloride, LiCl).
200 timulus (CS) paired with a periorbital shock unconditioned stimulus (US; presented at 200- or 500-ms
201 he siphon (the CS+) is paired with a noxious unconditioned stimulus (US; tail shock), while a second
202 stimulus predictive of 10% sucrose solution (unconditioned stimulus [US]), but not during equally fre
205 be related to the relative intensity of the unconditioned stimulus and somatic requirements of the t
209 reater retention of the conditioned stimulus/unconditioned stimulus association at each follow-up ses
210 stores memories of the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UC
211 ) in subjects acquiring conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus associations than in those presen
212 -conditioned stimulus with an electric shock-unconditioned stimulus causes new projection neuron syna
213 esentations of a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus did not acquire conditioned respo
214 tone-conditioned stimulus (CS) and eye-shock unconditioned stimulus during acquisition training.
215 rons conveying the reinforcing effect of the unconditioned stimulus during associative learning to th
216 airing ACh with dopamine, which mediates the unconditioned stimulus in ganglia, decreased the excitab
217 sical conditioning modifies responding to an unconditioned stimulus in the absence of a conditioned s
219 bility of the hormone estradiol to act as an unconditioned stimulus in the conditioned taste avoidanc
222 -12 Hz depending on the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus intervals (1 s, 500 ms, 250 ms) s
223 link conditioning under conditioned stimulus?unconditioned stimulus intervals known to be optimal or
225 onship between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus is represented in the brain.
226 tone is repeatedly paired with a reinforcing unconditioned stimulus like periorbital stimulation, the
229 vanilla odor was associated with a negative unconditioned stimulus of saline solution, cockroaches c
230 ppermint odor was associated with a positive unconditioned stimulus of sucrose solution and vanilla o
231 associative properties of nicotine from the unconditioned stimulus or reward to include the role of
232 ation of a conditioned stimulus (CS) with an unconditioned stimulus over a stimulus-free trace interv
233 ronal activation during conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus pairing were assessed using Fos-l
235 d stimulus like periorbital stimulation, the unconditioned stimulus promotes acquisition of condition
236 associative processes rather than increased unconditioned stimulus reactivity as the active mechanis
238 nditioned stimuli that are predictive of the unconditioned stimulus than by conditioned stimuli that
239 ygdala, as they convey information about the unconditioned stimulus to lateral amygdala neurons durin
240 on PD 25 when nontarget conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus training occurred prior to the te
241 ng (in which the conditioned stimulus CS and unconditioned stimulus US overlap and co-terminate) is i
242 ned stimulus was an auditory tone, while the unconditioned stimulus was a low-intensity, single or do
244 onditioned stimulus) and the electric shock (unconditioned stimulus) in mushroom body (MB) neurons.
245 facilitate decreases in anxiety (even to an unconditioned stimulus) while potentially promoting pair
247 s repeatedly presented in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus, and the expression of previously
248 were independent of levels of anxiety to the unconditioned stimulus, implicating associative processe
249 is, a "trace" period between conditioned and unconditioned stimulus, requires awareness of the associ
250 p between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus, so that synaptic plasticity and
252 r the cardiac-unconditioning response to the unconditioned stimulus, suggesting a role for the claust
255 ed stimulus, CS) associated with pain onset (unconditioned stimulus, US) provoke defensive responses
256 as no such effect on responding during food (unconditioned stimulus, US) responding or in the intertr
259 variable representing the prediction of the unconditioned stimulus, whereas activity in the dorsolat
260 that have received the same pairing with the unconditioned stimulus, yet have no predictive value.
261 They show that a primary function of the unconditioned stimulus-evoked activity of BLA neurons is
262 e to the unconditioned stimulus initiates an unconditioned stimulus-specific reconsolidation of learn
285 y reinforcing associations between outcomes (unconditioned stimulus; US) and their predictors (condit
287 ptor actions are independent of the primary (unconditioned) stimulus (i.e., the opiate or the stimula
289 suggest that ferret odor produces a reliable unconditioned stress response and may be useful as a pro
292 ation between conditioned visual stimuli and unconditioned taste stimuli, as well as the unexpected v
295 clarified which conditions are receptive to unconditioned transplants and which require more myeloab
296 vival was also seen in patients who received unconditioned transplants in comparison with myeloablati
298 s in which the H-reflex was simply measured [unconditioned (UC) subjects], and locomotion was reasses
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