ライフサイエンスコーパス: unconditioned stimulus

1 imulus (CS) alone] or a reinforced trial (CS-unconditioned stimulus).

2 (conditioned stimulus; CS) paired with milk (unconditioned stimulus).

3 y conditioned stimulus (CS) with an aversive unconditioned stimulus.

4 (CS+/CS-) and an aversive alarm noise as the unconditioned stimulus.

5 the assignment of motivational value to the unconditioned stimulus.

6 pendency of fear recovery with a shock as an unconditioned stimulus.

7 responses after presentations of an auditory unconditioned stimulus.

8 the inhibitory stimulus was paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

9 g visual conditioned stimuli and an auditory unconditioned stimulus.

10 ed with a mild electric shock serving as the unconditioned stimulus.

11 s signalled by presenting a tone without the unconditioned stimulus.

12 3 kHz tone conditioned stimulus and airpuff unconditioned stimulus.

13 a tone conditioned stimulus and an air puff unconditioned stimulus.

14 nditioned to saccharin using WRYamide as the unconditioned stimulus.

15 conditioned stimulus and a lithium chloride unconditioned stimulus.

16 r 25% reinforcement with a periorbital shock unconditioned stimulus.

17 tioned stimuli (CS+ and CS-) and an air-puff unconditioned stimulus.

18 ed stimulus and a midline forehead tap as an unconditioned stimulus.

19 liciting conditioned stimulus rather than an unconditioned stimulus.

20 tween contextual or auditory stimuli with an unconditioned stimulus.

21 f fear after unsignaled presentations of the unconditioned stimulus.

22 stimuli and a 3-mA paraorbital shock was the unconditioned stimulus.

23 tioning with a tone CS and a corneal airpuff unconditioned stimulus.

24 iative learning by pairing with a starvation unconditioned stimulus.

25 l was interposed between the conditioned and unconditioned stimulus.

26 ior to omission (extinction) of the aversive unconditioned stimulus.

27 esentations with a CS (tone or light) and an unconditioned stimulus.

28 ummatory procedure that used morphine as the unconditioned stimulus.

29 s pairing rates between a conditioned and an unconditioned stimulus.

30 ned stimulus (CS) and a behaviorally salient unconditioned stimulus.

31 n, head turn, etc.) learned with an aversive unconditioned stimulus.

32 ary somatosensory cortex, which mediates the unconditioned stimulus.

33 ivity in the dentate gyrus after exposure to unconditioned stimulus.

34 e to associative pairing of the short CS and unconditioned stimulus.

35 ditioned stimulus (30 s; 85 dB white noise)--unconditioned stimulus (2 s; 0.57 mA foot shock) pairing

36 us was paired with a periorbital stimulation unconditioned stimulus (750-ms delay paradigm).

37 us was paired with a periorbital stimulation unconditioned stimulus (750-ms delay paradigm).

38 stimulus when it is paired directly with an unconditioned stimulus, a phenomenon referred to as late

39 coincided with a change in the value of the unconditioned stimulus, a phenomenon referred to as unbl

40 We use this social reward as an unconditioned stimulus and pair it with a distinct visua

41 be related to the relative intensity of the unconditioned stimulus and somatic requirements of the t

42 x stimuli to establish associations with the unconditioned stimulus, and (b) the configuration of sim

43 s repeatedly presented in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus, and the expression of previously

44 Thus, specific features of the unconditioned stimulus appear to be encoded in the amygd

45 Although the CS and unconditioned stimulus are contiguous, this very long de

46 so suggest an early dopamine response to the unconditioned stimulus as training continues.

47 reater retention of the conditioned stimulus/unconditioned stimulus association at each follow-up ses

48 e formation of specific conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus association), the expression of c

49 stores memories of the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UC

50 ) in subjects acquiring conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus associations than in those presen

51 -conditioned stimulus with an electric shock-unconditioned stimulus causes new projection neuron syna

52 ial, the conditioned stimulus (tone) and the unconditioned stimulus (corneal airpuff) were presented

53 different effects of various conditioned and unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) preexposure conditions on

54 e in the measurement of conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) time intervals during cla

55 Phase 1 entailed conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus (CS1-US) pairings.

56 esentations of a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus did not acquire conditioned respo

57 tone-conditioned stimulus (CS) and eye-shock unconditioned stimulus during acquisition training.

58 rons conveying the reinforcing effect of the unconditioned stimulus during associative learning to th

59 They show that a primary function of the unconditioned stimulus-evoked activity of BLA neurons is

60 When pups are reexposed to the unconditioned stimulus (footshock) before drug administr

61 he context and associate the context with an unconditioned stimulus (footshock).

62 to a conditioned stimulus (click CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (glabella tap US) were studied in

63 ptor actions are independent of the primary (unconditioned) stimulus (i.e., the opiate or the stimula

64 were independent of levels of anxiety to the unconditioned stimulus, implicating associative processe

65 airing ACh with dopamine, which mediates the unconditioned stimulus in ganglia, decreased the excitab

66 sical conditioning modifies responding to an unconditioned stimulus in the absence of a conditioned s

67 We used amphetamine (AMPH) as the unconditioned stimulus in the conditioned place preferen

68 bility of the hormone estradiol to act as an unconditioned stimulus in the conditioned taste avoidanc

69 response directed to the source of the food unconditioned stimulus in the same task.

70 onditioned stimulus) and the electric shock (unconditioned stimulus) in mushroom body (MB) neurons.

71 the inferior olive, a structure that conveys unconditioned stimulus information (airpuff) to the cere

72 We found that exposure to the unconditioned stimulus initiates an unconditioned stimul

73 Dopamine receptor DopR mediates the unconditioned stimulus inputs onto MB.

74 variation in conditioned stimulus modality, unconditioned stimulus intensity, number of training tri

75 -12 Hz depending on the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus intervals (1 s, 500 ms, 250 ms) s

76 link conditioning under conditioned stimulus?unconditioned stimulus intervals known to be optimal or

77 hip between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is essential in classical conditi

78 Climbing fibre activity elicited by an unconditioned stimulus is inhibited during the expressio

79 onship between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus is represented in the brain.

80 tone is repeatedly paired with a reinforcing unconditioned stimulus like periorbital stimulation, the

81 were examined as a function of two different unconditioned stimulus locations.

82 ing this contextual memory engram with a new unconditioned stimulus of an opposite valence.

83 vanilla odor was associated with a negative unconditioned stimulus of saline solution, cockroaches c

84 ppermint odor was associated with a positive unconditioned stimulus of sucrose solution and vanilla o

85 associative properties of nicotine from the unconditioned stimulus or reward to include the role of

86 ation of a conditioned stimulus (CS) with an unconditioned stimulus over a stimulus-free trace interv

87 licit odor CS and to the context in which CS-unconditioned stimulus pairing took place was examined i

88 ronal activation during conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus pairing were assessed using Fos-l

89 normal reactions to the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus pairings in the initial training

90 Training consisted of 2 CS-footshock unconditioned stimulus pairings.

91 ctivation of a single sensory neuron) and an unconditioned stimulus (pedal nerve shock), whereas the

92 d stimulus like periorbital stimulation, the unconditioned stimulus promotes acquisition of condition

93 associative processes rather than increased unconditioned stimulus reactivity as the active mechanis

94 is, a "trace" period between conditioned and unconditioned stimulus, requires awareness of the associ

95 The ability to acquire CRs with IO unconditioned stimulus signals that were blocked or seve

96 p between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus, so that synaptic plasticity and

97 e to the unconditioned stimulus initiates an unconditioned stimulus-specific reconsolidation of learn

98 timulus, amyl-acetate, paired with a salient unconditioned stimulus, sucrose, for feeding.

99 r the cardiac-unconditioning response to the unconditioned stimulus, suggesting a role for the claust

100 nditioned stimuli that are predictive of the unconditioned stimulus than by conditioned stimuli that

101 nes between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus the hippocampus plays a critical

102 Using amphetamine (AMPH) as the unconditioned stimulus, the present study compared two p

103 ygdala, as they convey information about the unconditioned stimulus to lateral amygdala neurons durin

104 t excitation of Purkinje neurons (coding the unconditioned stimulus), together with a graded parallel

105 on PD 25 when nontarget conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus training occurred prior to the te

106 imulus-alone and paired conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus training.

107 , in which the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (UCS) coterminate.

108 t study, skin conductance response (SCR) and unconditioned stimulus (UCS) expectancy were measured co

109 n between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) has been learned.

110 fail to produce aversive conditioning as an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) when presented in large amo

111 ditioned stimulus is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (UCS).

112 s (CS) is repeatedly paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (UCS).

113 ivated when the sucrose reward was received [unconditioned stimulus (UCS)].

114 r predicts delivery of a salient reinforcer (unconditioned stimulus, UCS).

115 ng (in which the conditioned stimulus CS and unconditioned stimulus US overlap and co-terminate) is i

116 Purkinje and other cells, and an electrical unconditioned stimulus (US) activating underlying white

117 us (CS +) was always paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) and another tone (CS-) was n

118 An unpleasant sound served as unconditioned stimulus (US) and pictures of neutral male

119 te conditioned stimuli (CSs) and a footshock unconditioned stimulus (US) and proposed that PINT-INS p

120 d stimulus (CS) was first paired with a food unconditioned stimulus (US) and then repeatedly presente

121 auditory nerve that immediately precedes an unconditioned stimulus (US) applied to the trigeminal ne

122 a conditioned stimulus (CS) must precede the unconditioned stimulus (US) by at least about 100 ms for

123 the two tasks, the authors devalued the food unconditioned stimulus (US) by taste aversion to differe

124 lus (CS) previously paired with a grid shock unconditioned stimulus (US) can greatly enhance the earl

125 that increased processing or efficacy of the unconditioned stimulus (US) contributes to the facilitat

126 owed 250 ms later by a 100 ms air puff as an unconditioned stimulus (US) coterminating with it.

127 he magnitude of the neuronal response to the unconditioned stimulus (US) decreased with age.

128 tine stimulus could be diminished through an unconditioned stimulus (US) devaluation procedure.

129 onditional stimulus; CS) paired with a shock-unconditioned stimulus (US) does not emerge until postna

130 ip between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) during reactivation is suffi

131 s highly lateralized to the eye to which the unconditioned stimulus (US) has been directed.

132 ory conditioned stimulus (CS) and an airpuff unconditioned stimulus (US) in either a delay (Experimen

133 tal shock or a corneal airpuff served as the unconditioned stimulus (US) in separate groups of sham o

134 ion of LiCl followed consumption of the food unconditioned stimulus (US) in the home cage, a procedur

135 f honey bees was used to examine the role of unconditioned stimulus (US) intensity in blocking in odo

136 In this procedure, the delivery of the unconditioned stimulus (US) is made contingent on condit

137 a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) is often assumed to be funda

138 ion of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US) is separated in time by an i

139 la lesions (unilateral vs. bilateral) across unconditioned stimulus (US) modalities (white noise vs.

140 and climbing fiber activity associated with unconditioned stimulus (US) onset.

141 m in which the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) overlap and coterminate.

142 Parallel to this, a novel CS-unconditioned stimulus (US) pairing induced stronger Fos

143 icate that forward conditioned stimulus (CS)-unconditioned stimulus (US) pairings resulted in robust

144 e been widely hypothesized to be part of the unconditioned stimulus (US) pathway of odor-shock classi

145 oning, such as conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) pathway, is important for un

146 CSs) that have a pre-existing relation to an unconditioned stimulus (US) rather than learning about a

147 c conditioned stimulus (CS) with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) results in an enhancement of

148 to provide the cerebellum with a "teaching" unconditioned stimulus (US) signal required for cerebell

149 ditory conditioned stimulus (CS) and a shock unconditioned stimulus (US) that are separated by a 20-s

150 ditory conditioned stimulus (CS) and a shock unconditioned stimulus (US) that are separated by a 20-s

151 stimulus (CS) followed by an air puff as an unconditioned stimulus (US) that coterminated with it.

152 Ss) were pictures of virtual lights, and the unconditioned stimulus (US) was an electric shock.

153 from the abducens nerve after a single shock unconditioned stimulus (US) was applied to the ipsilater

154 diated EBC deficits and the intensity of the unconditioned stimulus (US) was explored in the current

155 odification (CRM)--changes in the NMR to the unconditioned stimulus (US) when tested in the absence o

156 ) nictitating membrane responses (NMR) to an unconditioned stimulus (US) when the US is tested by its

157 ork has shown that pairing a corneal airpuff unconditioned stimulus (US) with a tone conditioned stim

158 s following independent presentations of the unconditioned stimulus (US), after extinction.

159 ulus (CS) when it is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US), an appetitive US, or a drug

160 tioned stimulus (CS) and the delivery of the unconditioned stimulus (US), and delay conditioning, in

161 al of a learned association between a CS and unconditioned stimulus (US), rather than by devaluing th

162 (CS), light CS, and periorbital stimulation unconditioned stimulus (US), rats received associative t

163 the peripheral conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US), respectively, to yield norm

164 of Pavlovian conditioning using food as the unconditioned stimulus (US), some rats (sign-trackers) c

165 cally involved in the association between an unconditioned stimulus (US), such as a foot shock, and a

166 rates the conditioned stimulus (CS) from the unconditioned stimulus (US), the association of which ha

167 tioned response (CR) after reexposure to the unconditioned stimulus (US)--and spontaneous recovery--t

168 ity only during the trace interval, and some unconditioned stimulus (US)-coding cells will shift in t

169 stimulus (CS) and a corneal air puff as the unconditioned stimulus (US).

170 stimulus (CS) by pairing it with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US).

171 ditioned stimulus (CS) and an electric shock unconditioned stimulus (US).

172 nditioned stimulus (CS) and the onset of the unconditioned stimulus (US).

173 tap conditioned stimulus (CS) and tail shock unconditioned stimulus (US).

174 ng day, the CS was twice paired with a shock unconditioned stimulus (US).

175 conditioned stimulus (CS) and a glabella tap unconditioned stimulus (US).

176 hat was paired with a brief periocular shock unconditioned stimulus (US).

177 stimulus (CS) paired with a corneal air puff unconditioned stimulus (US).

178 stimulus (CS) paired with a corneal air puff unconditioned stimulus (US).

179 ory transmitter, the cellular signal for the unconditioned stimulus (US).

180 being associatively paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US).

181 the auditory CS and periorbital stimulation unconditioned stimulus (US).

182 being reactivated by the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus (US).

183 mulus (CS) was paired with an electric shock unconditioned stimulus (US).

184 ulus (CS) and a unilateral periorbital shock unconditioned stimulus (US).

185 ts is lateralized to the eye targeted by the unconditioned stimulus (US).

186 ponsive to the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US).

187 CS+) was paired with sucrose delivery [i.e., unconditioned stimulus (US)], and the other stimulus (i.

188 ry tones were paired with an aversive sound [unconditioned stimulus (US)].

189 nted just before an air puff to the eye [the unconditioned stimulus (US)].

190 that was previously paired with footshocks [unconditioned stimulus (US)].

191 0 seconds, 85 dB white noise) paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US, 2 seconds, 0.57 mA footshock

192 ustic conditioned (CS, tone) and an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US, electric shock).

193 mulus (CS; 3 sec) and a fear-producing shock unconditioned stimulus (US; 0.5 sec) separated by a sile

194 ker stimulation) from a behaviorally salient unconditioned stimulus (US; air puff to the eye).

195 onditioned stimulus, CS; e.g., a tone) to an unconditioned stimulus (US; e.g., a shock).

196 onditioned stimulus (CS; saccharin, SAC) and unconditioned stimulus (US; lithium chloride, LiCl).

197 timulus (CS) paired with a periorbital shock unconditioned stimulus (US; presented at 200- or 500-ms

198 he siphon (the CS+) is paired with a noxious unconditioned stimulus (US; tail shock), while a second

199 Here, we used a novel unconditioned-stimulus (US) reactivation paradigm to int

200 stimulus predictive of 10% sucrose solution (unconditioned stimulus [US]), but not during equally fre

201 ce of malaise (such as that induced by LiCl; unconditioned stimulus [US]).

202 ed stimulus, CS) associated with pain onset (unconditioned stimulus, US) provoke defensive responses

203 as no such effect on responding during food (unconditioned stimulus, US) responding or in the intertr

204 e response-independent presentation of food (unconditioned stimulus, US).

205 nditioned stimulus, CS) and corneal airpuff (unconditioned stimulus, US).

206 stimulus, CS) when it is paired with touch (unconditioned stimulus, US).

207 [CS]) paired with intraoral milk infusions (unconditioned stimulus, [US]) resulted in strong conditi

208 ned stimulus- (CS)-generated (orienting) and unconditioned stimulus- (US)-generated appetitively moti

209 y reinforcing associations between outcomes (unconditioned stimulus; US) and their predictors (condit

210 then experiences the symptoms of poisoning (unconditioned stimulus; US).

211 ned stimulus was an auditory tone, while the unconditioned stimulus was a low-intensity, single or do

212 ts when a relatively intense (5 psi) airpuff unconditioned stimulus was paired with the CS.

213 nditioning (EBC) parameters, with an airpuff unconditioned stimulus, were examined in male Fischer 34

214 variable representing the prediction of the unconditioned stimulus, whereas activity in the dorsolat

215 facilitate decreases in anxiety (even to an unconditioned stimulus) while potentially promoting pair

216 oned responses that seemed to anticipate the unconditioned stimulus, while others showed extinction-r

217 that have received the same pairing with the unconditioned stimulus, yet have no predictive value.