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   1 s, 180 exposed to GDM at >26 weeks, and 2963 unexposed).                                             
     2 CI, 1.8-2.2; rate, 155 for exposed vs 49 for unexposed).                                             
     3 participant with no diagnosed family member (unexposed).                                             
     4 .6% (95% CI, 2.6%-8.0%) among those who were unexposed.                                              
     5 thout treatment with anti-IL-13 or left them unexposed.                                              
     6  other exposure categories compared with the unexposed.                                              
     7 onotherapy, or combination therapy, or being unexposed.                                              
     8 distributions, usually 100% exposed and 100% unexposed.                                              
     9 in 7 of 1833 exposed (0.4%) vs 86 of 104 716 unexposed (0.1%) infants (relative risk, 4.7 [95% CI, 2.
  
  
  
    13 cid-suppressive medication compared to those unexposed (20.7% vs 3.6%, odds ratio [OR] = 7.0, 95% con
    14 ho received azithromycin (exposed, 17.4%, vs unexposed, 22.3%; odds ratio [OR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.70-0.
    15  (8762 adults and 3742 children) and 864 088 unexposed adults and 320 828 unexposed children matched 
  
    17 in most H7N7-exposed individuals (but not in unexposed adults), providing the first evidence for in v
  
    19 were associated with SCC compared with those unexposed after controlling for important confounders in
  
    21 R = 1.4; 95% CI: 0.9, 2.3) and brain (n = 67 unexposed and 10 ever exposed cases; RR = 1.8; 95% CI: 0
    22  exposure for cancers of the kidney (n = 157 unexposed and 17 ever exposed cases; RR = 1.4; 95% CI: 0
    23 is was detected in 2.1% (n = 26/1257) of HIV-unexposed and 2.7% (n = 16/599) of HIV-exposed infants. 
    24 d with meningioma risk in women only (n = 38 unexposed and 9 exposed cases; RR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1, 5.
    25 nd after CPT implementation (292 and 682 CPT-unexposed and CPT-exposed infants, respectively), includ
    26  difference was noted between ROT spectra of unexposed and exposed yeast cells, which extend previous
    27  followed by HEU (33-88 per 100,000) and HIV-unexposed and uninfected (HUU) infants (18-28 per 100,00
    28 n of LCSs can be correctly characterized as "unexposed" and to investigate whether instructions to av
    29 CI, 2.2-3.7; rate, 371 for exposed vs 85 for unexposed); and for cousins, 2.0 (95% CI, 1.8-2.2; rate,
  
  
    32    No spontaneous mesotheliomas were seen in unexposed Bap1(+/-) mice followed for up to 87 weeks of 
    33 d) were matched 1:2 to patients without CDI (unexposed) based on the probability of developing CDI (p
    34 uced host immune gene expression relative to unexposed bees but induce the expression of genes respon
    35 less with increasing experience than that of unexposed bees, with exposed bees collecting between 47%
  
  
    38 ant changes in gene expression compared with unexposed blisters, further underscoring the relatively 
    39 ildren to 860 echocardiograms from 140 HAART-unexposed but HIV-infected children from the Pulmonary a
    40 e adverse perinatal circumstances than women unexposed, but whether maternal abuse is associated with
  
    42 nal bacteria--which were underrepresented in unexposed C-section-delivered infants--and the microbiom
  
  
  
  
  
    48 ren (22484 male and 11030 female) and 159619 unexposed children (105812 male and 53807 female) in the
    49 ressants vs 2.03 per 1000 person-years among unexposed children (between-group difference, 2.48 [95% 
    50 y to be hospitalized in early childhood than unexposed children (hospitalization rates per 1000 perso
    51 y to be hospitalized in early childhood than unexposed children (hospitalization rates per 1000 perso
  
    53 diagnoses did not differ between exposed and unexposed children and adolescents (248 [6.6] vs 22 081 
    54 en) and 864 088 unexposed adults and 320 828 unexposed children matched for sex, age, and socioeconom
  
    56 were 19 stillbirths or deaths vs 9844 in the unexposed cohort (adjusted relative risk [RR], 1.68; 95%
  
    58 an difference between the exposed cohort and unexposed cohort was estimated in a model that included 
    59 in 1907-1935) and were either still married (unexposed cohort) or widowed (exposed cohort) at follow-
  
  
  
  
  
  
    66 nutrition evidence because of the lack of an unexposed comparator and the complex homeostasis in nutr
    67 ng the following three groups of adult rats: unexposed control (Ctrl); sound exposed with behavioral 
    68 al similarities compared to cell material of unexposed control cells, leading to false positives.    
  
    70 s, respectively; P < .001) and similar to an unexposed control group (median count, 15 v 10 bodies, r
  
  
  
    74 en and youth with PAE differed from those of unexposed control subjects in posterior brain regions, p
    75  to tobacco only (without cannabis) with 113 unexposed control subjects on the basis of age and gende
    76 ls were analyzed in healthy adolescents, Mtb-unexposed control subjects, and patients with pulmonary 
  
  
    79 ngle unit responses were obtained from awake unexposed controls and sound-exposed adult rats with beh
    80 e studies adhere to WHO criteria and include unexposed controls in their laboratory assays to limit t
  
  
  
    84 lly guided cardiovascular procedures than in unexposed controls, raising the need to spread the cultu
  
  
  
  
  
  
    91 ng three aerobic microbial communities: BACs-unexposed (DP, fed a mixture of dextrin/peptone), BACs-e
  
    93  of transgenerational DNA alterations in the unexposed F1 offspring of smoking-exposed fathers suppor
    94 roughout pregnancy and lactation predisposes unexposed F4 male descendants to obesity when dietary fa
  
  
    97 56.7-412.8; rate, 6274 for exposed vs 27 for unexposed ); for dizygotic twins, 8.2 (95% CI, 3.7-18.1;
    98 recipients were compared with nonrecipients (unexposed) for whom transfusion was delayed or not given
    99 I, 3.7-18.1; rate, 805 for exposed vs 55 for unexposed); for full siblings, 10.3 (95% CI, 9.4-11.3; r
   100 I, 9.4-11.3; rate, 829 for exposed vs 49 for unexposed); for maternal half siblings, 3.3 (95% CI, 2.6
   101 CI, 2.6-4.2; rate, 492 for exposed vs 94 for unexposed); for paternal half siblings, 2.9 (95% CI, 2.2
   102 les (n = 3), their counterparts in the next, unexposed, generation (n = 3 + 3) and also in adult sper
  
   104 s in the exposed group and 18.4 years in the unexposed group, and exposure to these medications signi
   105 SRIs during pregnancy; and 31207 were in the unexposed group, ie, had mothers without a psychiatric d
  
  
  
  
  
   111 ect separating the pseudo-exposed and pseudo-unexposed groups, a DRS model is evaluated by its abilit
  
  
  
  
  
   117 population into "pseudo-exposed" and "pseudo-unexposed" groups so that differences on observed covari
   118 nfounders, we found that compared with being unexposed, having untreated genital herpes during first 
  
  
   121 n was observed in a sample of 3,245 nicotine-unexposed individuals from the same discovery cohort, co
  
   123 ity (which compare risks between exposed and unexposed individuals) do not factor in the population-s
  
  
   126 re common among HIV-exposed infants than HIV-unexposed infants (39.6% vs 28.9%; adjusted relative ris
   127 the first trimester, compared with 15 of 330 unexposed infants (4.5%) (POR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.60-2.45).
   128 fovir-exposed infants was 12% lower than for unexposed infants (56.0 [11.8] vs 63.8 [16.6] g; P = .00
   129 ses in the HIV-exposed infants and 30 in HIV-unexposed infants (7.4 vs 5.5 episodes per 1000 infant-m
   130 t-trimester exposure compared with 31 of 330 unexposed infants (9.4%) (POR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.46-1.37),
   131 rimester exposure, compared with 657 of 6642 unexposed infants (9.9%) (POR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.87-1.09).
   132 g lithium-exposed infants versus 0.18% among unexposed infants (adjusted risk ratio, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.
  
  
  
   136  during the first trimester as compared with unexposed infants and, in secondary analyses, with infan
  
  
   139  pregnancy relative to a comparison group of unexposed infants of mothers with histories of psychiatr
   140 EU infants have higher inflammation than HIV-unexposed infants until at least 6 months, which may con
  
   142  infants exposed to lithium as compared with unexposed infants was 1.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]
  
  
   145 V) exposed but uninfected (HEU) infants than unexposed infants, particularly if the mother had a low 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   153 al-time-PCR analysis indicated that CRHOEdev unexposed males exhibit significant changes in Crhr2 exp
  
  
  
  
  
   159 re foci of invasive cancer than pancreata of unexposed mice (controls); radiation reduced survival ti
   160 ouse strains, C57BL/6J and CAST/EiJ, both in unexposed mice and in mice exposed to a model DNA-damagi
   161  Fkbp51 in forebrain of CRHOEdev exposed and unexposed mice were examined 7 days after predator stres
  
   163 d all colorectal adenomas (39.0% vs 19.0% in unexposed; mOR = 3.29; 95% CI: 2.16-5.03; P < .001).    
   164 valence of villous adenomas (5.5% vs 1.3% in unexposed; mOR = 6.28; 95% CI: 2.02-19.53; P = .001) and
   165 hether the comparison group consisted of all unexposed mothers or only depressed mothers without anti
  
   167 volume differences in sex-matched concordant unexposed (n = 71 pairs), exposed (n = 81 pairs), or exp
   168 ; n = 166) and those with no adrenal tumor ("unexposed"; n = 740), with at least 3 years of follow-up
  
  
  
   172 nofovir-exposed newborns did not differ from unexposed newborns on mean gestational age (38.2 vs 38.1
   173  that of the tenofovir-exposed and tenofovir-unexposed newborns, unadjusted and adjusted for covariat
  
   175 y greater among HO-CDI compared with matched unexposed (odds ratio, 6.73 [95% confidence interval {CI
   176 cy had an 18% higher risk of stillbirth than unexposed offspring (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06,
   177 greater severe mental illness rates than did unexposed offspring (moderate smoking during pregnancy: 
   178 s associated with all outcomes compared with unexposed offspring (preterm birth odds ratio [OR], 1.47
   179 s 4.98% in exposed offspring versus 4.96% in unexposed offspring (risk difference, 0.02% [95% CI, -0.
   180 rth, 30 years), 6.98% of exposed vs 4.78% of unexposed offspring were preterm, 2.54% of exposed vs 2.
  
  
  
   184 la volumes relative to members of concordant unexposed pairs (fixed effect = 12.56; t = 2.97; P = .00
   185 idence intervals (CIs) comparing exposed and unexposed participants were estimated using Cox proporti
   186 ent chemical and surface properties from the unexposed particles, while there were no significant dif
   187 quartile range, 1.8-6.0]) and 3465 of 51,593 unexposed patients (6.7%) developed cancer, yielding a f
   188 Overall, 336 lymphoma cases occurred: 220 in unexposed patients (incidence rate [IR] per 1000 person-
  
   190 rate of C difficile infection in exposed and unexposed patients and factors associated with transmiss
   191 nts in CK levels and strength whereas statin-unexposed patients did not, suggesting a phenotypic diff
   192 rectly compared with the incidence of AKI in unexposed patients through analysis of changes in serum 
   193  In a multivariable Cox model, compared with unexposed patients, the risk of lymphoma was higher amon
   194  following zoster compared with the baseline unexposed period, then gradually reduced over 6 months: 
  
   196 is the "dry-run" analysis, which divides the unexposed population into "pseudo-exposed" and "pseudo-u
   197 H1N1 (A[H1N1]pdm09) virus in 2009 through an unexposed population offered a natural experiment to ass
   198 ing strains were introduced into the therapy-unexposed population via at least 6 independent transmis
   199  divided by cumulative risk of stroke in the unexposed population, were determined, and stroke risk f
  
  
   202  deaths occurred among 7 MRI-exposed vs 9844 unexposed pregnancies (adjusted RR, 3.70; 95% CI, 1.55 t
   203 alence, 0.10%] as compared with 287 cases in unexposed pregnancies [prevalence, 0.03%]; adjusted prev
   204 .86%] and 25,159 birth defects among 968,236 unexposed pregnancies [prevalence, 2.60%]; adjusted prev
  
   206 posed pregnancies were compared with up to 4 unexposed pregnancies matched on propensity score, mater
   207 exposed pregnancies and 131 cases among 1852 unexposed pregnancies; hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.45 
   208 1 exposed pregnancies and 4 cases among 2004 unexposed pregnancies; hazard ratio, 2.43; 95% CI, 0.45 
   209 exposed pregnancies and 783 cases among 7072 unexposed pregnancies; prevalence odds ratio, 0.86; 95% 
   210 exposed pregnancies and 277 cases among 7072 unexposed pregnancies; prevalence odds ratio, 1.10; 95% 
   211 exposed pregnancies and 407 cases among 7096 unexposed pregnancies; prevalence odds ratio, 1.15; 95% 
   212 exposed pregnancies and 220 cases among 6660 unexposed pregnancies; prevalence odds ratio, 1.19; 95% 
  
  
  
   216  cases of CLL occurred among the exposed and unexposed recipients, respectively, yielding a relative 
  
   218 no significance was observed in the nicotine-unexposed sample (n = 2,548) of the replication cohort. 
   219 nt of students at exposed schools and 39% at unexposed schools had one or more days of absence due to
  
   221 ethod was applied to a convenience set of 96 unexposed serum samples and a blinded set of 80 samples 
  
   223 nomas >/=10 mm was higher among exposed than unexposed siblings (10.5% vs 1.8%; mOR = 8.59; 95% CI: 3
   224  at surgery/anesthesia; 9.5% female) and the unexposed siblings (44% female) had IQ testing at mean a
   225 ant when exposed children were compared with unexposed siblings (incidence of autism spectrum disorde
   226  = 111; performance = 108; verbal = 111) and unexposed siblings (scores: full scale = 111; performanc
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   234 l transport propensity score, and an exposed/unexposed study to compare complication of intrahospital
  
   236 mong the exposed subjects and 2.5% among the unexposed subjects (matched odds ratio [mOR] = 6.05; 95%
   237 d CRVO patients and a control cohort of 2195 unexposed subjects matched by age and gender and alive o
   238 nomarker combinations that distinguish among unexposed subjects, untreated patients with LTBI, and tr
  
  
  
  
   243 ronary death was also higher for exposed and unexposed survivors compared with siblings (2.16 and 2.1
  
   245 periods up to 12 mo after zoster relative to unexposed time periods were calculated using conditional
   246 r risk of MI during exposed time relative to unexposed time; among age-, sex-, and time-matched contr
  
  
  
  
   251 d with individuals with CBR3:GA/AA genotypes unexposed to anthracyclines (OR, 5.48; P = .003), as wel
  
  
  
   255 exposed to IFX as the only biologic vs those unexposed to biologics (malignancy: 1.12/1000 patient-ye
  
  
  
  
  
   261 ut with psychiatric diagnoses (N=9,652), and unexposed to medications and psychiatric diagnoses (N=31
   262 ffspring of SSRI-treated mothers and mothers unexposed to medications but with psychiatric disorders 
   263 .66-0.75) compared with offspring of mothers unexposed to medications but with psychiatric disorders.
  
  
   266 e classified as exposed to SSRIs (N=15,729), unexposed to SSRIs but with psychiatric diagnoses (N=9,6
   267      Adult F1 offspring that were themselves unexposed to THC displayed increased work effort to self
  
  
   270  of 61359 pregnancies, offspring exposed and unexposed to the influenza A(H1N1) vaccine during pregna
  
  
   273 nuous co-trimoxazole prophylaxis and 100 HIV-unexposed uninfected children who never received prophyl
  
   275  financial assistance during the gap period (unexposed), using propensity score and high-dimensional 
   276  15 years, and 12.63% of exposed vs 5.46% of unexposed were diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperact
   277 estational age, 5.28% of exposed vs 2.14% of unexposed were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder b
   278 g were preterm, 2.54% of exposed vs 2.19% of unexposed were small for gestational age, 5.28% of expos
   279 ative VTS children (332 HIV exposed, 574 HIV unexposed) were assessed in terms of cognition (Kaufman 
   280  or no tenofovir during pregnancy (tenofovir-unexposed) were enrolled during late pregnancy or within
   281 mpare the outcomes for groups categorized as unexposed with the outcomes for groups categorized as ex
   282 00 births), compared with 3024 among 113,698 unexposed women (26.6 [95% CI, 25.7-27.5] per 1000 birth
   283 pontaneous abortion compared with risk among unexposed women and women with topical azole exposure in
  
   285 ccurred in 1.1% of exposed women and 3.7% of unexposed women during gestational weeks 7 to 12 (hazard
   286 formula as infants have larger fibroids than unexposed women provides further support for persistent 
   287 fibroid size between soy formula-exposed and unexposed women using multivariable linear regression.  
   288 ,503 pregnancies, metoclopramide-exposed and unexposed women were matched (1:4 ratio) on the basis of
   289 broids more likely to have >/= 2 tumors than unexposed women with fibroids (aPR 1.0, 95% CI: 0.7, 1.6
  
   291 aneous abortion (1849 exposed women vs. 7396 unexposed women), stillbirth (1915 vs. 7660), any major 
   292 -1.9 mg/dL; 95% CI: -4.3, 0.5) compared with unexposed women, after adjusting for age, physical activ
  
   294 S had a higher incidence of UL compared with unexposed women, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.12 (
  
   296 llbirth (0.3% for exposed women and 0.4% for unexposed women; hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.10 to 1.7
   297  {95% CI, 60.9-63.3} per 1000] among 151,661 unexposed women; HR, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.33-0.38]) and still
  
   299 in 1cen-1q12 among 30 benzene-exposed and 11 unexposed workers in Tianjin, China, as part of the Chin
  
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