ライフサイエンスコーパス: unpaired

1 otor activity chamber (Paired) or home cage (Unpaired).

2 isolated polymerase was not, unless C(6) was unpaired.

3 ecretion of the pathway's activating ligand, Unpaired.

4 taken from 15 patients, the remainder being unpaired.

5 er of neuroblast lineages, 13 paired and one unpaired.

6 ctor Foxo governs expression of the cytokine unpaired 2 (Upd2) in skeletal muscle, which acts as a my

7 We identify Unpaired 2 (Upd2), a protein with similarities to type I

8 Here, we investigated how Unpaired 2 (Upd2), a structural and functional ortholog

9 ion of JAK for most pathway functions, while Unpaired 2 regulates body size through insulin signaling

10 ow here that the third member of the family, unpaired 3 (upd3), overlaps upd in expression in some ti

11 the adult HZ/hindgut drives upregulation of unpaired-3 cytokine, which signals through a Signal tran

12 oliferation is fueled by the JAK-STAT ligand Unpaired-3, produced by Minute(-/+) cells in response to

13 equire at least two and prefer three or more unpaired 5'-terminal nucleotides for such cleavage; howe

14 .g., methylation of the Watson-Crick face of unpaired adenine and cytosine residues by dimethyl sulfa

15 h dimethyl sulphate (DMS), which reacts with unpaired adenine and cytosine residues, followed by deep

16 are likely stabilized by the stacking of 5'-unpaired adenines at each end of the short helix.

17 plication can be uncoupled by mutation of an unpaired adenosine in the 5' strand of the promoter.

18 Here we show that specific mutations of two unpaired adenosines located at the core of the three-hel

19 ally cardiotoxic chemotherapy using blinded, unpaired analysis of cardiovascular magnetic resonance i

20 of stem-loop 4 (SL4) and interacts with both unpaired and base-paired nucleotides.

21 the reference, multivariate analyses of both unpaired and paired images found no association between

22 From this analysis, we find that highly unpaired and paired RNAs are strongly correlated with eu

23 ats were divided into two groups (paired and unpaired), and trained to self-administer cocaine in the

24 equenced ADAMDEC1 orthologs, was found to be unpaired, and substitution of Cys(392) for a Ser increas

25 face of the molecule (Arg-13 and Arg-32) and unpaired Arg-25 are less important for both.

26 t the distal factor Nub represses the ligand unpaired as well as Stat92E activity.

27 izes 21 well-defined neuropils (19 paired, 2 unpaired), as well as all synaptic regions between the m

28 selected differently, with Pol mu using the unpaired base adjacent to the downstream 5' phosphate ev

29 n-complementary ssDNA tails beyond the first unpaired base.

30 s most likely the open-X structure which has unpaired bases at the junction.

31 The exosome complex recognizes unpaired bases during heat shock to degrade these RNAs,

32 e RNA; rather, the principle contribution of unpaired bases in HDV RNA to HDAg binding is to allow fl

33 ations were commonly found at sites encoding unpaired bases of RNA stem-loop structures.

34 participates in pi-pi interactions with the unpaired bases of the immobilized aptamer (Apt-GMNPs-GO-

35 d stem-loop I of the 3'-BTE by exposing more unpaired bases, and (iii) long distance base pairing tra

36 base of the stem, that are less tolerant of unpaired bases.

37 from carboxylated agarose use a scaffold of unpaired beta-strands.

38 An unpaired C(6) that forms a lock by binding into the cyto

39 Meiotic silencing of unpaired chromatin (MSUC) occurs during the first meioti

40 rine somatic cells are spatially confined to unpaired chromosomes in spermatocytes, including the ATR

41 ncanonical stoichiometry, presumably because unpaired coiled-coil elements tend to find a promiscuous

42 Single unpaired columns of different atoms in a matrix of dumbb

43 well as in control animals that experienced unpaired conditioned and unconditioned stimuli.

44 ses synaptic vesicle release elicited by the unpaired conditioned stimulus -, while leaving presynapt

45 A detailed study of neural responses to unpaired conditioned-stimulus (CS-) can therefore indica

46 trace-paired-conditioned mice compared with unpaired-conditioned (stimulation-control) mice and naiv

47 We find that paired conditioning and unpaired conditioning induce a transient increase in spi

48 stinctive environmental cues under paired or unpaired conditions.

49 sociated (cocaine-memory reactivation) or an unpaired context (no memory reactivation) on subsequent

50 Unpaired control subjects confirmed that responding in p

51 onal stimulus, CS+) and the other explicitly unpaired (CS-).

52 Repeated unpaired cue presentation, however, promotes extinction.

53 likely was the first disulfide to form, and unpaired Cys-242 or Cys-273 disrupted oxidative folding.

54 tion, which created a mutant protein with an unpaired cysteine residue.

55 To avoid non-specific interactions, the unpaired cysteine-34 of HSA was permanently blocked by i

56 (9)C-containing substrate, which contains an unpaired cysteine.

57 re, represents the first characterization of unpaired cysteines that mediate both gain- and loss-of-f

58 id unwanted disulfide bond formation between unpaired cysteines.

59 conditions demonstrated oligomerization via unpaired cysteines.

60 er was compensated by interactions involving unpaired cytosines in an upstream, EvoFold-predicted ste

61 ompound, Mn(2+) 2 Fe(3+) Re(5+) O6 , with 17 unpaired d electrons displays ferrimagnetic ordering up

62 ncipled implementation of the statistics for unpaired datasets.

63 ch the bases adjacent to the branchpoint are unpaired, despite the full Watson-Crick complementarity

64 d by a process known as meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA (MSUD).

65 d by a mechanism called meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA (MSUD).

66 en homologous chromosomes commonly result in unpaired DNA during meiosis.

67 Here we found that unpaired DNA nucleotides flanking short base-paired DNA

68 teins must be present inside the nucleus, as unpaired DNA recognition undoubtedly takes place there.

69 the optimality of presenting only one or two unpaired DNA substrate nucleotides to the N(40) DNA cata

70 e arrangement of protein residues around the unpaired DNA was detected only with wild-type protein, s

71 ctive-site residues that may be triggered by unpaired DNA.

72 te at higher applied potentials possesses an unpaired electron and therefore should be EPR-active; ho

73 est formulated as a Ni(III) complex with one unpaired electron delocalized in the ligands surrounding

74 opening, disfavoring mechanisms that involve unpaired electron density at C3 of the indole ring.

75 elds the anion radical (PhNCO(*-)) where the unpaired electron exhibits coupling to one nitrogen and

76 The unpaired electron in the CiOi(+) state is mainly localiz

77 The unpaired electron in this molecule is delocalized over t

78 has a d(10) electronic configuration and the unpaired electron is delocalized over two carbene carbon

79 isc-shaped hydrocarbon molecule in which the unpaired electron is extensively delocalized.

80 adical monoanions Xn-Hex(*-) reveal that the unpaired electron is largely localized on a single PI un

81 iphenyl isocyanurate anion radical where the unpaired electron is predominately localized in one of t

82 proximately 2.0055, which corresponded to an unpaired electron located in the pyrylium ring.

83 DFT computations reveal that the unpaired electron of rhodium(IV) nitride complex [Rh(N){

84 ses a singlet biradical ground state with an unpaired electron on each carbene C atom having opposite

85 I)Mn revealed that this complex possesses an unpaired electron on the metal center, rendering it like

86 ODNP relies on an unpaired electron spin-containing probe located at molec

87 o decrease the inequivalent couplings of the unpaired electron to the methyl protons that shorten Tm

88 , show delocalization of both the charge and unpaired electron to the nitrogens of the cyano moieties

89 y on Li[1] reveals hyperfine coupling of the unpaired electron to two magnetically equivalent boron n

90 e hyperfine lines due to the coupling of the unpaired electron with (63,65)Cu isotopes, (14)N, and (1

91 da doublet propensities (orientations of the unpaired electron with respect to the molecular rotation

92 udied phenyl isocyanurate anion radical, the unpaired electron(s) is now localized within an [8]annul

93 nd almost entirely isotropic coupling to the unpaired electron, show that this coupling atypically ha

94 XES results indicate a loss of 70% of the unpaired electronic spins consistent with a low spin M2

95 t a pumping sequence to reduce the number of unpaired electrons (quasiparticles) in close proximity t

96 s more stable than the configuration with 2S unpaired electrons (where S is the spin of the system).

97 s triangles confirm the selective sharing of unpaired electrons among adjacent redox-active NDI subun

98 B and NdB clusters are found to have similar unpaired electrons and magnetic moments as their isovale

99 RE), which is sensitive to distances between unpaired electrons and nuclei.

100 ike typical biradicals and polyradicals, the unpaired electrons are all on the same center.

101 X-ray crystallography suggests that the unpaired electrons are delocalized in each case across t

102 The unpaired electrons are distributed almost evenly over th

103 c resonance data show unambiguously that the unpaired electrons are in metal-based molecular orbitals

104 Above 140 K, the unpaired electrons are localized in the nonsuperimposed

105 ow 140 K is a singlet state in which the SBP unpaired electrons are partially localized in the superi

106 moments are consistent with approximately 4 unpaired electrons attributed to [MnSb4](9-), indicating

107 ybridized structures, and the possibility of unpaired electrons from defects induced upon hydrogenati

108 rule is proposed to estimate the numbers of unpaired electrons in diatomic LnB clusters.

109 The consequence of unpaired electrons in organic molecules has fascinated a

110 that the resonance stabilization of the two unpaired electrons in triplet O2, relative to the unpair

111 red electrons in triplet O2, relative to the unpaired electrons in two hydroxyl radicals, amounts to

112 switch between redox states with paired and unpaired electrons is important for molecular electronic

113 For instance, triplet FeF2 with four unpaired electrons is lower in energy than triplet FeF2

114 n electronic configuration with more than 2S unpaired electrons is more stable than the configuration

115 tate because the open-shell singlet with the unpaired electrons localized in the nonsuperimposed PLYs

116 5) + hole configuration that results in four unpaired electrons measured in the ferromagnetically ord

117 er that of the neutral counterpart, with the unpaired electrons of Bt being stabilized by the geminal

118 The effects of unpaired electrons on NMR spectral parameters provide a

119 es is incorrect in that the states have more unpaired electrons than the minimum number required by t

120 e (Mn) has paramagnetic properties with five unpaired electrons that permit high spin number, long el

121 transfers the high polarization of exogenous unpaired electrons to nuclear spins via microwave irradi

122 signals by transferring the magnetization of unpaired electrons to the nuclei.

123 sfer of spin polarization from the radical's unpaired electrons to the target nuclei.

124 Pr(II) [eta(7) -B7(3-) ] complex with three unpaired electrons, corresponding to a Pr (4f(2) 6s(1) )

125 nces the ionicity of the tetravalent Nb with unpaired electrons, yielding ferromagnetic ordering.

126 requires open-shell d(n) configurations with unpaired electrons.

127 s lower in energy than triplet FeF2 with two unpaired electrons.

128 to one metal centre with a limited number of unpaired electrons.

129 tion of a biradical with largely independent unpaired electrons.

130 ramagnetic susceptibility, despite having no unpaired electrons.

131 he molecule include not just the presence of unpaired electrons: the electronic configuration of the

132 NR''(*-))2] containing three ligand-centered unpaired electrons: two nitrene radicals (NR''(*-)) and

133 d virologic response [SVR]; n=1 relapse) and unpaired EOT liver biopsies from 25 patients (n=17 SVR;

134 In unpaired EOT liver biopsies, intrahepatic expression of

135 Two separate analyses were performed: (1) an unpaired evaluation comparing gray-scale and color image

136 ues may be analyzed using a simple paired or unpaired experimental design and develop blocking method

137 bacterium-induced STAT activity triggered by unpaired-family cytokines reduces Atg2 expression, permi

138 spectra were directly related to the formal unpaired Fe(d) spin count, indicating HS Fe(II) in deoxy

139 For oxy, two unpaired Fe(d) spins and, thus by definition, an interme

140 ed-out 6'N7' bulge base, which stacks on the unpaired first base of the guide strand, with the looped

141 Together, these findings indicate that unpaired flanking nucleotides play essential roles in th

142 road and include 70-nucleotide hairpins with unpaired flanking regions.

143 ve cued fear memory can arise from paired or unpaired footshock, an effect not predicted by theoretic

144 pture probe on the gold sensing chip and the unpaired fragment of target DNA works as a trigger to in

145 in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, unpaired genes are identified and silenced by a process

146 In Neurospora crassa, unpaired genes are silenced by a mechanism called meioti

147 Unpaired globin chains, with heme attached to them, accu

148 text and then tested in a different context (unpaired group).

149 n the paired group, but not from mice in the unpaired group.

150 tive drug effects, and did not change in the unpaired group.

151 DNA structures containing unpaired guanosines flanking short (12- to 20-bp) dsDNA

152 Collectively, our study identifies unpaired guanosines in Y-form DNA as a highly active, mi

153 Unpaired has a central role in activation of JAK for mos

154 when large regions of single-strand DNA are unpaired has remained unclear despite many efforts focus

155 ing that such difference could be due to the unpaired, highly reactive Cys-67 distinguishing the HLA-

156 In the latter, unpaired holes behave like coherent quasiparticles with

157 in response are activated by accumulation of unpaired IgG heavy chains in the endoplasmic reticulum (

158 In univariate analysis of unpaired images, color images were less likely to be dia

159 n of events on chromosome 17, we found large unpaired inversions and deletions connect a tandemly dup

160 The retention of the unpaired laminin subunit was key to the glial disruption

161 unctional centromeres, and SC proteins ASY1 (unpaired lateral elements) and ZYP1 (central elements in

162 d by more than 21 CENH3 foci associated with unpaired lateral elements.

163 a consensus YUGR element when present in the unpaired loop of a stem-loop structure.

164 g long distance RNA-RNA interactions between unpaired loops of SL9266 and distal regions of the genom

165 alled Majorana qubit is encoded by using the unpaired Majorana modes, which emerge at the left and ri

166 rds used in surveys of these species, and as unpaired males often sing throughout the breeding season

167 atomical features of leg motoneurons, dorsal unpaired median (DUM) cells, and sensory neurons in stic

168 gnificantly affect sodium currents in dorsal unpaired median neurons from the American cockroach Peri

169 der drug-free conditions and Paired, but not Unpaired, mice exhibited CL.

170 In both arthropod groups unpaired midline neurons and glial cells have been ident

171 In this three-whisker array, a unique unpaired midline whisker is laterally flanked by two sli

172 ned response when mice were trained using an unpaired morphine CPP design and was absent when morphin

173 ponse to paired and decreased in response to unpaired nerve stimulation and is mediated by the opposi

174 nscription, however, the conformation of the unpaired non-template DNA part of the full transcription

175 that the ssDNA cofactor is obtained from the unpaired non-template strand within the transcription bu

176 Duplex instability suggests that unpaired nucleobases coordinate the violet cluster and f

177 te and the smallest rate observed for the 3'-unpaired nucleoside that stacks onto the pseudo-knot-clo

178 Each can tolerate any unpaired nucleotide (A, G, C, or U) at either of the fir

179 and thermodynamically favored designation of unpaired nucleotides (UNs) to process the binary targets

180 peded more than RNase E when fewer than four unpaired nucleotides are present at the 5' end.

181 insertion-deletion loops (IDLs) with 1 to 15 unpaired nucleotides as well as certain mismatches.

182 ified B. subtilis RppH requires at least two unpaired nucleotides at the 5' end of its RNA substrates

183 It requires at least two unpaired nucleotides at the 5' end of its substrates and

184 hia coli RppH (EcRppH) requires at least two unpaired nucleotides at the RNA 5' end and prefers three

185 mfold, we found that the predicted number of unpaired nucleotides in the targeted regions of the RNA

186 Salpha recognizes base mismatches and 1 to 2 unpaired nucleotides whereas MutSbeta recognizes longer

187 e largely governed by molecular junctions of unpaired nucleotides.

188 ing occurs efficiently only when it is in an unpaired or unpartnered state during male meiosis.

189 these 2Al sites before populating remaining unpaired, or 1Al, sites as Cu(II)OH.

190 y potentiated paired radiatum pathway, since unpaired oriens pathway decreased back to baseline.

191 Surprisingly, paired radiatum and unpaired oriens pathway potentiated, unless the pre-post

192 vation of the JAK/STAT pathway downstream of Unpaired partially rescues the disk growth defects in Ip

193 In contrast, we show that m(6)A in unpaired positions base stacks considerably more strongl

194 tably, the analysis indicated that predicted unpaired positions in the RNA remained dynamic in the RN

195 The residues around the TBE remain unpaired, potentially providing access by TERT to this h

196 lated proteins and SRSF3 are associated with unpaired pre-mRNA segments upstream of U2AF-repressed 3'

197 were found during a pretraining session with unpaired presentations of the auditory CS and periorbita

198 sidues K93 and R100 were required to produce unpaired product, they were not necessary to unpair subs

199 m propionate 2, followed by migration of the unpaired propionyl electron to the coproheme iron to yie

200 t the duplex-duplex junction and transfer of unpaired reacting duplex end into the active site.

201 d with one of the contexts, while the other (unpaired) received drug or placebo unrelated to context.

202 the efficacy population was restricted to 74 unpaired recipients.

203 characterization of small RNAs targeting an unpaired region, using Illumina sequencing.

204 er preference than Ded1p for substrates with unpaired regions 3' to the duplex over those with 5' unp

205 nded through mapping of polymorphic sites to unpaired regions or (semi)covariant pairings.

206 E, and show that it is mediated by specific unpaired regions that are adjacent, but not contiguous t

207 y RNase E binding simultaneously to multiple unpaired regions.

208 regions 3' to the duplex over those with 5' unpaired regions.

209 In addition to the analysis of unpaired replicates, rMATS also includes a model specifi

210 In contrast, di-, tri-, and longer unpaired ribonucleotide stretches, as well as 3'-modifie

211 gle pair of samples and can also incorporate unpaired samples.

212 s and in 17 of 20 samples from patients with unpaired samples.

213 portant to be able to handle both paired and unpaired samples; and (iii) the capability to detect DMR

214 ere compared by using the Student t test for unpaired samples; for intraindividual comparison, the St

215 complete ovaries and testes from paired and unpaired schistosomes for comparative RNA-seq analyses.

216 ted, in part, by Cas9/guide RNA affinity for unpaired segments of nontarget strand DNA close to PAM.

217 In this unpaired setting, ApoE levels were unaltered, while ApoA

218 s flexibility through the introduction of an unpaired single-stranded DNA spacer in the middle of eac

219 sible for the asymmetric distribution of the unpaired spin density and ponder the significance of thi

220 residue, presumably H75, carries most of the unpaired spin density instead of N(epsilon) of R71, as i

221 fine couplings reflect a distribution of the unpaired spin density over the protein in the SQ state o

222 In the cases of 2, 3, and 4 no unpaired spin density was found on the ligands, indicati

223 H-bond donor carrying the largest amount of unpaired spin density.

224 ne ligands preferentially accept significant unpaired spin density.

225 duct featuring substantial delocalization of unpaired spin onto the N2 ligand.

226 uble resonance (ENDOR) spectra show that the unpaired spin population is highly localized on the copp

227 elocalized carbon-based radical species with unpaired spin, such as phenalenyl, have shown promise.

228 te interaction energies and distributions of unpaired spins.

229 200-kb X-linked region, and the hemizygous (unpaired) state of the Xist region promotes its imprinti

230 etection of paired stimuli are distinct from unpaired stimuli is poorly understood and a fundamental

231 as NMDA and adenosine receptors counteracted unpaired stratum oriens potentiation following pairing i

232 andard CT images were performed by using the unpaired Student t test for continuous variables and the

233 The standard unpaired Student t test was used to compare groups.

234 Results were compared by using a two-tailed unpaired Student t test.

235 Unpaired Student t, chi(2), Fisher exact, and Mann-Whitn

236 nt were compared between the groups using an unpaired Student's t-test or an equivalent nonparametric

237 m of heterosynaptic plasticity is induced at unpaired synapses by the same pattern of postsynaptic ac

238 cortex is accompanied by plastic changes in unpaired synapses.

239 dent plasticity is accompanied by changes in unpaired synapses: heterosynaptic plasticity.

240 ifferences between groups were calculated by unpaired t test (or Mann-Whitney U test in nonparametric

241 Group differences were assessed with the unpaired t test (P < 0.05).

242 The unpaired t test and chi(2) analysis were used to determi

243 d SRU criteria-negative cancers by using the unpaired t test and the chi(2) test.

244 re compared by analysis of variance or by an unpaired t test before and after adjustment for confound

245 Statistical analysis was performed with an unpaired t test by using unequal variance.

246 esponses were compared utilising a two-sided unpaired t test with Bonferroni correction.

247 5% CI, 3.19-5.95] microL/min) GDDs (P = .28, unpaired t test) at 4 weeks without aqueous exposure.

248 0.49-0.86) microL/min at 4 weeks (P = .001, unpaired t test).

249 [94] mum; P = .004, determined by use of an unpaired t test).

250 e two-tailed Fisher's exact test, two-sample unpaired t test, and Mann-Whitney U test.

251 ified by using Student two-tailed paired and unpaired t test, respectively, with a 5% level of signif

252 erformed with Prism 7 software and student's unpaired t test.

253 compared piecewise along tracks by using an unpaired t test.

254 measured and compared between groups with an unpaired t test.

255 ared between breathing protocols by using an unpaired t test.

256 sessed by using analysis of variance and the unpaired t test.

257 C avg) were calculated and compared using an unpaired t test.

258 Univariate analyses (chi(2) test; 2-tailed, unpaired t test; and analysis of variance) as well as mu

259 ntly higher in women than in men (P = 0.007, unpaired t test; female, 22.0 +/- 16.8 blinks/minute; ma

260 The data were compared by using unpaired t tests and analysis of variance with Tukey pos

261 Unpaired t tests and chi(2) tests were used for group co

262 image noise and SSDE were compared by using unpaired t tests and F tests.

263 Unpaired t tests were used to compare data in patients w

264 pective interpretation of group differences (unpaired t tests).

265 Repeated measures analysis of variance, unpaired t tests, and correlation analysis were used.

266 known and synchronous nodules via paired and unpaired t tests, when appropriate.

267 with exercise were analysed using Student's unpaired t tests.

268 Statistical analysis consisted of paired and unpaired t tests.

269 Unpaired t-test was carried out in the analysis to deter

270 respectively, with fold change >/=2, p<0.05, unpaired t-test).

271 n the white matter in controls (P = 0.029 by unpaired t-test).

272 peatability, inter-observer reproducibility, unpaired t-test, paired t-test, and Bland-Altman analyse

273 Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired t-test.

274 o calculate the whole brain, voxel-by-voxel, unpaired t-tests Statistical non-Parametric Maps.

275 adjacent HK and RR genes, however, 'orphan' unpaired TCS genes are also abundant and identifying the

276 s using high throughput sequencing data from unpaired tissue samples.

277 earning (intermediate-term sensitization and unpaired training) or baseline responses.

278 eltaE(double dagger) upon switching from the unpaired transition states in high solvent dielectric to

279 nt allelic ratio among nonaberrant cells, in unpaired tumor samples using SNP microarrays.

280 In total, 843 male twins (396 pairs and 51 unpaired twins) aged 42-55 y (mean: 48 y) without baseli

281 Unpaired two sample statistical t-tests were used to com

282 Data was analyzed using an unpaired two-sample Welch's t-test assuming unequal vari

283 were statistically analyzed by performing an unpaired two-tailed t test for labeled versus unlabeled

284 Statistical analysis involved an unpaired, uncorrected, two-sided Student t test.

285 primer and probe combinations from a list of unpaired, unordered candidates that should produce a pro

286 The niche produces the JAK/STAT ligand Unpaired (Upd) and BMPs to maintain CySCs and GSCs, resp

287 In Drosophila, the Unpaired (Upd) family, encoded by three tandemly duplica

288 among these is upregulation of cytokine-like Unpaired (Upd) ligands, which drive tumor overgrowth.

289 CySC fate depends on an Unpaired (Upd) signal from the hub cells, which activate

290 gg chamber, where two anterior cells secrete Unpaired (Upd) to activate Signal transducer and activat

291 ding of RBFOX2 and CELF1, while MBNL1 favors unpaired Us but tolerates C/G pairing in motifs containi

292 e whole molecule: any attempt results in two unpaired valence electrons.

293 d nonresponders by mRECIST criteria by using unpaired Wilcoxon tests.

294 ts to IP or VTA amphetamine either Paired or Unpaired with an open field.

295 contribution of contextual stimuli paired or unpaired with nicotine during exposure.

296 in the absence of the lever either paired or unpaired with systemic morphine and in a different cohor

297 ge or in rats exposed to nicotine explicitly unpaired with the self-administration chambers.

298 Indeed, mis-expression of Unpaired within the presumptive wing blade causes small,

299 The unpaired X precociously separates into sister chromatids

300 Unipolar partitioning may not require an unpaired X, as it also occurs in XX spermatocytes.