ライフサイエンスコーパス: urbanization

1 in two watersheds with contrasting levels of urbanization.

2 y by rainfall, temperature and the degree of urbanization.

3 increasing in these regions due to increased urbanization.

4 in stream sediments increased with degree of urbanization.

5 ts policy to promote economic growth through urbanization.

6 rapid economic development and unprecedented urbanization.

7 mental etiology associated with affluence or urbanization.

8 e and the consumption of sugar increase with urbanization.

9 the wider societal changes that accompanied urbanization.

10 response of terrestrial taxa and habitats to urbanization.

11 operties of the land surface associated with urbanization.

12 h as the streamflow regime is altered during urbanization.

13 and offers the world's largest potential for urbanization.

14 to the equator but with disparate degrees of urbanization.

15 verity of hydrologic changes associated with urbanization.

16 nd aluminum (Al(3+)) contents as a result of urbanization.

17 strongly with development and, specifically, urbanization.

18 tructure explain demographic consequences of urbanization?

19 Urbanization affects adaptive and nonadaptive evolutiona

20 Urbanization affects communities of herbivorous arthropo

21 ecology, we do not adequately understand how urbanization affects the evolution of organisms, nor how

22 erall, we find no evidence that the level of urbanization affects the rate of economic growth.

23 However, across the globe, processes such as urbanization, agricultural intensification, and abandonm

24 ore relevant to asthma in this region (e.g., urbanization, air pollution, parasitism, and stress).

25 twice as high as previous estimates based on urbanization alone.

26 Thus, nest survival reflected how urbanization altered species interactions, particularly

27 Urbanization and agricultural intensification of landsca

28 house gases and changes in land use, such as urbanization and agriculture.

29 The rise of urbanization and an increasingly indoor lifestyle has af

30 north temperate ecosystems, where increasing urbanization and associated chloride runoff can salinize

31 rate the basis for increased prevalence with urbanization and associated economic and dietary change.

32 with two major components of global change: urbanization and biological invasions.

33 t resurgence of vector-borne diseases due to urbanization and development there is an urgent need to

34 China has experienced rapid urbanization and dramatic economic growth since its refo

35 There is a strong correlation between urbanization and economic development across countries,

36 e re-examine the causal relationship between urbanization and economic growth in Chinese cities and p

37 national-level CO2 emissions are affected by urbanization and environmental policy.

38 Urbanization and globalization in the Middle East have r

39 control in its transmission, leading to the urbanization and globalization of the disease.

40 eats, especially in light of rapid growth in urbanization and globalization.

41 pressures on the local environment, through urbanization and harbour development.

42 a's Western Ghats, where there is both rapid urbanization and high levels of fish endemism.

43 nal EVA pathway for the relationship between urbanization and increased CVD prevalence in urban India

44 Climate change, rapid urbanization and increased global travel have facilitate

45 Rapid urbanization and increasing demand for transportation bu

46 te of the environmental quality due to rapid urbanization and industrialization causes a severe globa

47 With the continuous urbanization and industrialization in the world, energy

48 Global phenomena such as urbanization and international travel are key factors in

49 nergy use, but on local and regional scales, urbanization and land use changes are also important.

50 Kalnay and Cai claim that urbanization and land-use change have a major effect on

51 Sampling sites spanned a wide range of urbanization and log-transformed total pyrethroid concen

52 erience may help to explain the link between urbanization and mental illness.

53 Outbreeding resulting from urbanization and migration from traditional population s

54 Urbanization and other changes in land use have an impac

55 ernational literature addressing the role of urbanization and related parameters in association with

56 There is a strong link between urbanization and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

57 ealing a positive feedback between landscape urbanization and urban and regional economic growth in C

58 from pathogenes easily treated or prevented, urbanization, and armed conflict.

59 a time of rapid global environmental change, urbanization, and biodiversity losses.

60 This is due to globalization, unplanned urbanization, and climate change, as well as host geneti

61 increased global population, aging, travel, urbanization, and climate change, favor the emergence, e

62 challenges imposed by climate change, rapid urbanization, and evolving regulations.

63 f vegetation phenology dynamics under future urbanization, and for developing change indicators to as

64 ecades, such as expanding human populations, urbanization, and forest fragmentation, may have altered

65 more homogeneous with respect to ethnicity, urbanization, and occupational history than the former.

66 ific influences including industrialization, urbanization, and technology.

67 ific influences including industrialization, urbanization, and technology.

68 expansion and increased migration linked to urbanization are assumed to be eroding the genetic struc

69 Rising incomes and urbanization are driving a global dietary transition in

70 anges in population size, age structure, and urbanization are expected in many parts of the world thi

71 Thus, even if the biophysical outcomes of urbanization are homogenizing, managing the associated s

72 deposition in response to climate change and urbanization are not likely to affect fine root dynamics

73 Published accounts suggest that responses to urbanization are often taxon specific, highly variable,

74 tensive agriculture initially and encouraged urbanization around 4,500 BP.

75 xt direction to improve our understanding of urbanization as an evolutionary process.

76 onale for either encouraging or discouraging urbanization as part of a strategy for economic growth.

77 vegetation types, the phenology response to urbanization, as defined by GSL, ranges from 1 to 4 days

78 beginning in CE 1850 resulted in widespread urbanization, as well as a larger and more intensively c

79 In particular, the evidence of urbanization being a risk factor for substance misuse is

80 Landscape urbanization broadly alters watersheds and stream ecosys

81 We also find that aging and urbanization can substantially influence emissions in pa

82 ity composition was distinctly grouped along urbanization categories (urban, suburban, and rural) cla

83 of our estimate are consistent with those of urbanization characterized by changes in the percentage

84 a suite of disturbances (e.g., agriculture, urbanization, climate change) degrades habitats and thre

85 ticity value is 0.95 (i.e., a 1% increase in urbanization correlates with a 0.95% increase in emissio

86 t that environmental changes associated with urbanization could decrease soil CH4 consumption in subt

87 The prevalence data were combined with urbanization data and population data from United Nation

88 It is unclear how this urbanization disturbs the microbial ecology of soils and

89 explicitly links land changes to underlying urbanization dynamics.

90 After adjustment for age, urbanization, economic status and metabolic factors, BLL

91 ticle, we present evidence for a significant urbanization effect on climate based on analysis of impa

92 ity- and time-specific FP when assessing the urbanization effects on local climate.

93 While industrialization and urbanization elevate a country's economic base while con

94 ls indicate that, on the global average, the urbanization-emission elasticity value is 0.95 (i.e., a

95 Our finding that the urbanization-emissions elasticity may depend on the stre

96 ogen loading is caused by population growth, urbanization, expanding water and sewer infrastructure,

97 appears to mitigate the negative effects of urbanization for this species.

98 on phenology and urban size, an indicator of urbanization, for the conterminous United States.

99 stment for age, gender, physical inactivity, urbanization, geographic variation, cigarette smoking, d

100 st and Central Africa some of the most rapid urbanization globally is expected to increase the demand

101 h the seasonal water flow variations and the urbanization gradient along the Orge River.

102 lants and nesting birds in forests across an urbanization gradient in Ohio, USA, from 2001 to 2011.

103 variation in physiological traits along the urbanization gradient might be the next direction to imp

104 e damage in different tissues vary along the urbanization gradient, and suggest that applying pace-of

105 water flow, Zn speciation changes along the urbanization gradient: geogenic forms of Zn inherited fr

106 e and magnitude of hydrologic changes across urbanization gradients in nine U.S. cities (Atlanta, GA,

107 across biogeophysical gradients than across urbanization gradients in places with similar biogeophys

108 diversity and abundance of herbivores across urbanization gradients, a primary objective of this revi

109 icate similar development trajectories among urbanization gradients, but heterogeneity in the type an

110 sect and mite abundance and diversity across urbanization gradients.

111 homicide rates by mechanism of homicide and urbanization group have not been described.

112 Countries with high GNIs and high levels of urbanization had not only high absolute prevalences of o

113 indicates that increasing mechanization and urbanization had only relatively small effects on skelet

114 with stronger environmental policy/outcomes, urbanization has a more beneficial (or, a less negative)

115 The impact of urbanization has been estimated by comparing observation

116 Accelerating urbanization has been viewed as an important instrument

117 Urbanization has many benefits, but it also is associate

118 ronmental fragility of cities under advanced urbanization has motivated extensive efforts to promote

119 temperature in southeast China, where rapid urbanization has occurred.

120 However, urbanization has resulted in entire landscapes that are

121 The worldwide explosion of urbanization has spurred recent research on the environm

122 y of BT release and land use associated with urbanization have led to higher levels of BTs in urban a

123 ed to education, poverty, population health, urbanization, health infrastructure, gender equality, co

124 Plain headwater streams along a gradient of urbanization (i.e., percent watershed impervious cover);

125 Our results suggest that urbanization, if measured by a landscape indicator, does

126 of evidence to identify mechanisms by which urbanization impacts water quality.

127 national income, Western diet, and, for BMI, urbanization in 1980 and 2008.

128 ood risk due to changing climate pattern and urbanization in a more heavily populated U.S.

129 anthropogenic CH4 emissions, due largely to urbanization in China.

130 ncluding multidrug resistance and increasing urbanization in regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, warr

131 ts the need to consider the health impact of urbanization in rural areas across SSA.

132 ustry could respond to industrialization and urbanization in the developing world while simultaneousl

133 n part to population growth and uncontrolled urbanization in tropical and subtropical countries, bree

134 phalitis, and Rift Valley fever viruses; and urbanization, in which humans become the amplification h

135 l-borne forms of Zn regardless the degree of urbanization, indicating that erosion of Zn-bearing mine

136 decades, using built-up areas as a landscape urbanization indicator.

137 The findings support the hypothesis that urbanization influences sweet preference and sugar consu

138 ociated with enhanced P exports from growing urbanization, intensified agriculture, or climatic chang

139 Urbanization is a global process contributing to the los

140 However, rapid urbanization is also associated with crowding, environme

141 Rapid worldwide urbanization is at once the main cause and, potentially,

142 Urbanization is characterized by high levels of sealed l

143 of 0.05 degrees C per decade attributable to urbanization is much larger than previous estimates for

144 ntitative relationship between phenology and urbanization is of great use for developing improved mod

145 Urbanization is often cited as a main cause of increasin

146 Although urbanization is often considered a local issue, the aggr

147 Urbanization is responsible for some of the most extreme

148 Urbanization is widely presumed to degrade ecosystem ser

149 sources of human-induced habitat alteration (urbanization, land clearing for agriculture) or a suite

150 ore rural areas, our results do suggest that urbanization leads to homogenization of the airborne mic

151 Recent studies indicate that demographic urbanization level has no causal effect on economic grow

152 Homicide rates by urbanization level were analyzed using the Compressed Mo

153 nt-related factors, such as living district, urbanization level, medical institution, and monthly inc

154 base, to extract demographic information on urbanization level, percentage non-Europeans in the area

155 ent monthly income, geographic location, and urbanization level, those suffering from PLA were found

156 e, percentage non-Europeans in the area, and urbanization level.

157 stments were made for: 1) monthly income; 2) urbanization level; 3) diabetes mellitus; 4) hypertensio

158 nd evenness explained demography better than urbanization, level of invasion, numbers of predators or

159 concept of biodiversity; the contribution of urbanization, lifestyle factors, and nutrition (eg, vita

160 Despite low herbivore diversity and intense urbanization, macroalgal removal by fishes on some Singa

161 d future trends in global climate change and urbanization may amplify this trend.

162 anges in stream DOM quality due to watershed urbanization may impact stream ecosystem metabolism and

163 al average, such that biological response to urbanization may predict response to future climate chan

164 ich have been changing during the decades of urbanization, may also have been influenced by demograph

165 icators as a sole representing indicator for urbanization might be misleading.

166 xtremes and land use practices, particularly urbanization, might promote fecal contamination of shall

167 odels were created to examine the effects of urbanization, neighborhood poverty, and race/ethnicity o

168 ve increased access to supermarkets, and the urbanization of both urban and rural areas is a key unde

169 This reveals a marked urbanization of poverty in the developing world, which i

170 The rapid urbanization of the world has dramatically increased the

171 Reasons for the rising prevalence include urbanization of the world's population, increased availa

172 In this article, the urbanization of VL in Brazil is reviewed, touching on th

173 Concern is growing about the effects of urbanization on air pollution and health.

174 for predicting and understanding impacts of urbanization on arthropods.

175 is and especially the effects of progressive urbanization on cardiovascular risk in these populations

176 ittle is known regarding the consequences of urbanization on freshwater habitats, especially small le

177 bs may help to reduce the adverse impacts of urbanization on microclimate, soil processes and human h

178 eys could determine the effect of increasing urbanization on myopia prevalence in this population.

179 s of varying size to determine the impact of urbanization on plant phenology, with the aids of remote

180 Here, we review evidence for the effects of urbanization on the evolution of microbes, plants, and a

181 The influence of urbanization on vegetation phenology is gaining consider

182 g change indicators to assess the impacts of urbanization on vegetation phenology.

183 Urbanization, one of the principal drivers of these tran

184 t environmental changes, ie, westernization, urbanization, or both, are strongly related with decline

185 Written accounts on urbanization outside of Rome are scarce and the archaeol

186 nation caused by rapid industrialization and urbanization over the last three decades.

187 Urbanization overlain upon a diverse set of physical tem

188 Catchment urbanization perturbs the water and sediment budgets of

189 dies has specifically examined the role that urbanization plays in ecoevolution or explicitly examine

190 control the Aedes populations, uncontrolled urbanization, population growth, climate change, and inc

191 function and human behaviors associated with urbanization should be more similar in certain kinds of

192 and 2050 s, considering land use changes and urbanization simultaneously.

193 Although most species respond negatively to urbanization, some thrive in human-dominated settings.

194 Urbanization status was defined at the county level and

195 These declines are taking place across all urbanization strata and among white and black males and

196 persons 15 through 24 years old among all 5 urbanization strata increased between 10.7% in small cou

197 We also reviewed urbanization studies on other traits that can be associa

198 Haiti has experienced rapid urbanization that has exacerbated poverty and undernutri

199 highly variable, and linked to properties of urbanization that weaken top-down and/or bottom-up proce

200 relative to other land use changes, such as urbanization, that affected a similar total land area.

201 an epidemiologic transition whereby, due to urbanization, there is an increase in traditional cardio

202 dence indicating that the processes relating urbanization to economic development and knowledge creat

203 India's urbanization trajectory will have crucial implications o

204 for age, body mass index, physical activity, urbanization (urban vs rural), geographic variation (nor

205 With increasing urbanization vector-borne diseases are quickly developin

206 treatment) and potential (genetic variants, urbanization, vitamin D insufficiency, and eradication o

207 e results underscore a significant potential urbanization wedge for reducing energy use in rapidly ur

208 ita gross national income (GNI) and level of urbanization were explored in the overall sample and amo

209 The demographic effects of urbanization were not direct, but were filtered through

210 hlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and increasing urbanization were the strongest drivers of changes in mo

211 grasslands are expanding rapidly along with urbanization, which is expected to increase at unprecede

212 Achieving food security in an era of rapid urbanization will require considerably more understandin

213 India is undergoing rapid urbanization with simultaneous increases in the prevalen

214 The inexorable trend toward urbanization worldwide presents an urgent challenge for