ライフサイエンスコーパス: urchin

1 N model for embryonic development in the sea urchin.

2 se fertilization occurs externally, like sea urchins.

3 able state by increasing diet breadth in sea urchins.

4 mnals, changed in step with diversity of sea urchins.

5 ssing on abundant macroalgae and grazing sea urchins.

6 poral regulation of PLCgamma and SFK1 in sea urchins.

7 t marine animals such as farmed fish and sea urchins.

8 tilization and reproductive isolation of sea urchins.

9 nstructs: the Widom 601 sequence and the sea urchin 5S ribosomal gene.

10 In the sea urchin, a basal deuterostome, Hh signaling is shown to p

11 In the sea urchin, a prototypic deuterostome, the ectoderm-endoderm

12 ound in the responses of Padina spp. and sea urchin abundance at several vent systems increases confi

13 ot vice versa) but are not affected by total urchin abundance.

14 accretion rate and herbivore (parrotfish and urchin) abundance from the analysis of sediments and fis

15 for grazing epifauna, where scraping by sea urchins affects overall column-topography.

16 rformed a structure-function analysis of sea urchin Alx1 using a rescue assay and identified a novel,

17 In the sea urchin, an endomesoderm GRN model explains much of the s

18 plete ancestral TPC gene family from the sea urchin and demonstrate that all three isoforms localize

19 n of the regulation of foxa orthologs in sea urchin and in Caenorhabditis elegans shows that foxa tra

20 We combined ecological data of sea urchin and macroalgal abundance with fishery data of spi

21 We found that diminutive species of urchin and parrotfish, which escaped die-offs and fishin

22 one to three days after fertilization of sea urchin and sea star (total of 22,670,000 reads).

23 47 and 38 known miRNAs are expressed in sea urchin and sea star, respectively, during early developm

24 In contrast, carbon enrichment deterred sea urchins and attracted isopods, while simulated herbivory

25 eral lineage-specific TLR gene expansions in urchins and cephalochordates.

26 ndicated the presence of top-down control on urchins and macroalgae, and (2) lobster fishing triggers

27 of the echinoderms, especially those of sea urchins and sea stars, have been studied as model organi

28 ries have evolved different functions in sea urchins and sea stars, this subcircuit is part of an anc

29 inoderms, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (sea urchin) and Patiria miniata (sea star) are excellent mod

30 adenylation is widely conserved in fly, sea urchin, and mouse.

31 n the digestive tracts of the mouse, the sea urchin, and the nematode and in the chordate notochord.

32 embryos of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus sea urchins, and observe a sequence of three mineral phases:

33 t in cidaroid echinoids, sand dollars, heart urchins, and other nonmodel echinoderms provides an idea

34 ide strong support for the idea that the sea urchin ANE regulatory state and the mechanisms that posi

35 show that during early development, the sea urchin ANE territory separates into inner and outer regu

36 Sea urchins are a major component of recent marine communiti

37 Sea urchins are an important model for experiments at the in

38 Sea urchins are considered highly vulnerable to OA.

39 The trophic interactions of sea urchins are known to be the agents of phase shifts in be

40 Sea stars and sea urchins are model systems for interrogating the types of

41 ynthesized with both the nanorod and the sea-urchin-arm dimensions controlled by Co/Fe ratios.

42 of miR-31 in early development using the sea urchin as a model.

43 ries target species and negative effects for urchins as their predators benefited from protection.

44 We measured the average movement (speed) of urchins as well as the time required (foraging time) for

45 ophic replacement of herbivorous fish by sea urchins at low biomass and the accumulation of slow-grow

46 In a nearby fished urchin barren, invasion of S. horneri was also suppresse

47 Once formed, these urchin barrens can persist for decades.

48 uction of kelp forests and the formation of 'urchin barrens', a rocky habitat dominated by crustose a

49 h's diet in algal-dominated habitats than in urchin barrens.

50 The sea urchin C-terminal construct (SUPC2 Ccore) also forms tri

51 Sea urchins challenged with heat-killed marine bacteria resu

52 the role of low-latitude MPAs as a sink for urchins changed significantly in contrasting ways.

53 ical inhibition of the Arp2/3 complex in sea urchin coelomocytes, cells that possess an unusually bro

54 A reduction in top-down control on sea urchins, combined with other expected impacts of climate

55 mbryos only if Tld levels are reduced in sea urchin compared to fly.

56 ing motifs is significantly depressed in sea urchins compared with sea star, but both motif types are

57 In contrast, for sea urchins, connectivity among pairs of MPAs generally decr

58 g lobster abundance but little evidence that urchins control the biomass of macroalgae.

59 opical systems the abundances of grazing sea urchins declined dramatically along CO2 gradients.

60 s a trophic cascade leading to increased sea urchin densities and decreased macroalgal biomass.

61 reatments to examine the extent to which sea urchin density and macroalgal biomass were related to th

62 bundance and sea urchin density, and (2) sea urchin density and macroalgal biomass.

63 Urchin density was highly correlated with habitat struct

64 Results revealed a trend towards decreasing urchin density with increasing lobster abundance but lit

65 ships between: (1) lobster abundance and sea urchin density, and (2) sea urchin density and macroalga

66 These results show that sea urchin development is highly sensitive to Ni via a mecha

67 gene regulatory network (GRN) underlying sea urchin development.

68 orous fish and disease among the long-spined urchin, Diadema, have facilitated algal growth on degrad

69 Thus, urchins did not only persist but actually 'thrived' unde

70 During embryogenesis the sea urchin early pluteus larva differentiates 40-50 neurons

71 work over the last decades in echinoid (sea urchins) echinoderms has led to the characterization of

72 potency for release of Ca(2+)-ions from sea urchin egg homogenates and in potency for competition li

73 -NAADP was shown to release calcium from sea urchin egg homogenates at low concentration and to compe

74 Photolysis of sea urchin egg homogenates preincubated with [(32)P-5N(3)]NA

75 s for ex vivo and in vitro treatments of sea urchin eggs and isolated cortices and cortical vesicles,

76 a systematic manner, we place individual sea urchin eggs into microfabricated chambers of defined geo

77 Studies in fibroblasts and urchin eggs suggest that trafficking and fusion of intra

78 an then be mixed, injected together into sea urchin eggs, and subsequently deconvolved.

79 NAADP-evoked Ca(2+) signaling, including sea urchin eggs, human cell lines (HEK293, SKBR3), and mouse

80 the primordial germ cells (PGCs) of the sea urchin embryo (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) is quiesce

81 lity occurs at early gastrulation in the sea urchin embryo and requires activation of early specifica

82 tal discoveries that originated with the sea urchin embryo as an experimental system are used to illu

83 to challenge specific predictions of the sea urchin embryo endomesoderm GRN.

84 neuroectoderm (ANE) of the deuterostome sea urchin embryo expresses many of the same transcription f

85 lation the ectodermal territories of the sea urchin embryo have developed an unexpectedly complex spa

86 Recent studies of the sea urchin embryo have elucidated the mechanisms that locali

87 terference to demonstrate that the early sea urchin embryo integrates information not only from Wnt/b

88 The formation of the endoskeleton of the sea urchin embryo is a powerful experimental system for deve

89 ion of the calcified endoskeleton of the sea urchin embryo is a valuable experimental system for deve

90 The oral-aboral axis of the sea urchin embryo is specified conditionally via a regulated

91 labelling studies have shown that in the sea urchin embryo model system, descendants of the veg1 and

92 icromeres to the coelomic pouches in the sea urchin embryo provides an exceptional model for understa

93 Dorsal/ventral (DV) patterning of the sea urchin embryo relies on a ventrally-localized organizer

94 Skeletal patterning in the sea urchin embryo requires a conversation between the skelet

95 ciliated band (CB) of the postgastrular sea urchin embryo surrounds the oral ectoderm, separating it

96 data strongly support the idea that the sea urchin embryo uses an ancient anterior patterning system

97 process in the vegetal half of the early sea urchin embryo using Boolean models with continuous-time

98 zed gene regulatory network (GRN) in the sea urchin embryo was used to identify the transcription fac

99 etween the fourth and tenth cleavages in the urchin embryo).

100 describe a general methodology using the sea urchin embryo, a material of choice because of the large

101 N) model that promotes myogenesis in the sea urchin embryo, an early branching deuterostome.

102 or of oral ectoderm specification in the sea urchin embryo, and indirectly, of aboral ectoderm specif

103 In the sea urchin embryo, cells at gastrulation were found to repro

104 well-known regulative properties of the sea urchin embryo, coupled with the recent elucidation of ge

105 formed at the fifth cell division of the sea urchin embryo, illustrate many typical features of primo

106 In the sea urchin embryo, one such asymmetrical structure, oddly en

107 e non-skeletogenic mesoderm of the early sea urchin embryo.

108 mitotic function of Vasa revealed in the sea urchin embryo.

109 gulatory network for neurogenesis in the sea urchin embryo.

110 etworks (GRNs) that control pregastrular sea urchin embryogenesis to reveal the gene regulatory funct

111 During sea urchin embryogenesis, the skeleton is produced by primar

112 cific up-regulation during both frog and sea urchin embryogenesis.

113 transporter activity during formation of sea urchin embryonic cells necessary for the production of g

114 for the entire expressed gene set during sea urchin embryonic development.

115 tly involved in biomineralization during sea urchin embryonic development.

116 B (complement protein subcomponents C1r/C1s, urchin embryonic growth factor and bone morphogenetic pr

117 found 13 potentially novel miRNAs in the sea urchin embryonic library.

118 oparticles (NPs) in early development of sea urchin embryos (Paracentrotus lividus).

119 egated late blastula- and gastrula-stage sea urchin embryos according to the regulatory states expres

120 In sea urchin embryos Delta signaling specifies non-skeletogeni

121 f the non-skeletogenic mesoderm (NSM) in sea urchin embryos depends on Delta signaling.

122 y that some of the pharyngeal neurons of sea urchin embryos develop de novo from the endoderm.

123 rsal-ventral (DV) axes, respectively, of sea urchin embryos during cleavage and early blastula stages

124 Biomineralization in sea urchin embryos is a crystal growth process that results

125 ntral ectoderm to the dorsal ectoderm in sea urchin embryos is not understood.

126 rates that pantropic retroviruses infect sea urchin embryos with high efficiency and genomically inte

127 retroviruses as a transduction tool for sea urchin embryos, and demonstrates that pantropic retrovir

128 In sea urchin embryos, BMP is produced in the ventral ectoderm,

129 NPs in several human cell lines, also in sea urchin embryos, differences in surface charges and aggre

130 In sea urchin embryos, pigmented immunocytes are specified in v

131 In sea urchin embryos, small micromeres formed at the fifth div

132 Using sea urchin embryos, we showed that Notch signaling initiates

133 ole-mount fruit fly embryos, whole-mount sea urchin embryos, whole-mount zebrafish larvae, whole-moun

134 udy aspects of this transport process in sea urchin embryos.

135 principle for transduction technology in sea urchin embryos.

136 cal cytoskeletons prepared from dividing sea urchin embryos.

137 sary for endodermal gut morphogenesis in sea urchin embryos.

138 essential node of the well-characterized sea urchin endomesoderm gene regulatory network (GRN).

139 Using specific subcircuits from the sea urchin endomesoderm GRN, for which both circuit design a

140 ther seven T and two complement C1r/C1s, sea urchin epidermal growth factor, and bone morphogenetic p

141 cts of OA on the skeleton of "classical" sea urchins (euechinoids), but the impact of etching on skel

142 owed that the embryos of the New Zealand sea urchin (Evechinus chloroticus) are the most sensitive of

143 We show that sea urchins exhibit significant morphological and behavioura

144 We test the hypothesis that sea urchins exhibit trophic plasticity using an approach tha

145 The sea urchins exhibited a wide degree of phenotypic trophic pl

146 Near the vent site, the urchins experienced large daily variations in pH (>1 uni

147 tory observations indicate that cidaroid sea urchins feed on live stalked crinoids, leaving distinct

148 electron tomography of Chlamydomonas and sea urchin flagella to answer long-standing questions and to

149 als; Exfoliated Graphene Oxide and Gold Nano-Urchins for modification of the screen-printed carbon el

150 of test calcification were detected between urchins from vent and control populations.

151 of the roles played by growth factors in sea urchin gastrulation and skeletogenesis.

152 o primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) during sea urchin gastrulation, although the relative contributions

153 In addition, we constructed a custom sea urchin gene ontology, and assigned about 7000 different

154 ctive CRMs from 37 previously unexplored sea urchin genes.

155 The purple sea urchin genome encodes 10 IL17 subfamilies (35 genes) and

156 ization of embryonic spicules and of the sea urchin genome have identified several putative mineraliz

157 otrophic (nonfeeding) development in the sea urchin genus Heliocidaris is one of the most comprehensi

158 Sea urchin gonads are usually sold as a fresh chilled produc

159 ce and biomass among lobster (predator), sea urchins (grazer), and macroalgae (primary producer) in g

160 ng for lobsters releases top-down control on urchin grazers.

161 our results suggest that factors other than urchin grazing play a major role in controlling macroalg

162 Reduced sea urchin grazing pressure and significant increases in pho

163 gns of biological disturbance (primarily sea urchin grazing) and increased recovery rates of the domi

164 Average-sized urchins grew more than twice as fast at the vent compare

165 These results demonstrate that the sea urchin GRN for pigment cell development is quite shallow

166 The sea urchin has a long and uninterrupted history as a model o

167 temperate reefs, the grazing activity of sea urchins has been responsible for the destruction of kelp

168 g in the early development of euechinoid sea urchins have revealed that little appreciable change has

169 cted during storage of gonads recovered from urchins held in air, with final K-values (%) of 59.34 an

170 2.95), was observed in gonads recovered from urchins held in air.

171 A decline in ATP (control: 376.16; urchins held in air: 231.58 and 245.16) and build-up of

172 on products, mainly inosine (control: 13.25; urchins held in air: 82.87 and 52.95), was observed in g

173 ame result was seen with nanos2 from the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus (Hp).

174 of functional and expression studies in sea urchin, hemichordate and chordate embryos reveal strikin

175 of different shaped (spherical, rod, and sea-urchin) heteroatom-doped fluorescent carbon nanoparticle

176 hinoderms Paracentrotus lividus Lamarck (sea urchin), Holothuria forskali Chiaje (sea cucumber), the

177 , current flagellar model systems (e.g., sea urchin, human sperm) contain accessory structures that i

178 te that the binding of PIP(2) to SpIH, a sea urchin hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gat

179 some commercially important fishes, and sea urchins in 24 Mediterranean MPAs.

180 mmediately after harvesting or after holding urchins in air at either 4 or 15 degrees C for 144 and 7

181 seedlings were preferred by herbivorous sea urchins in feeding trials, which could potentially count

182 , foraging time was significantly longer for urchins in the low-pH treatment.

183 However, in sea urchins initial characterizations of FGF function do not

184 We conclude that the PGCs of this sea urchin institute parallel pathways to quiesce translatio

185 We identified that Vasa in the sea urchin is essential for: (1) general mRNA translation du

186 development of the embryonic skeleton in sea urchins is an important model for understanding the arch

187 We investigated the manner in which the sea urchin larva takes up calcium from its body cavity into

188 ly uncharacterized putative orthologs in sea urchin larvae and detected expression for twelve out of

189 dextran conjugates, we demonstrate that sea urchin larvae have a leaky integument.

190 Sea urchin larvae have an endoskeleton consisting of two cal

191 by regulating arm length in pre-feeding sea urchin larvae in response to food availability.

192 Sea urchin larvae may have co-opted the widespread use of fo

193 ected findings from the immune system of sea urchin larvae potentially provide insights into immune s

194 The sea urchin larval skeleton offers a simple model for formati

195 ogenic (extracted from California purple sea urchin larval spicules, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) A

196 The Co-Fe-P structure, especially the sea-urchin-like (Co(0.54)Fe(0.46))2P, shows enhanced catalys

197 he polyhedral Co-Fe-O nanoparticles) and sea-urchin-like Co-Fe-P (from the cubic Co-Fe-O nanoparticle

198 s maintained in early development of the sea urchin lineage.

199 and pinnotherid pea crab parasites for a sea urchin (Loxechinus albus).

200 In contrast, urchins maintained extracellular fluid pH under OA by ac

201 that the chemosensory behavior of a deep-sea urchin may be impaired by ocean acidification.

202 Trophic plasticity in the sea urchin may contribute to the stability and resilience of

203 esting that internal acid-base regulation in urchins may substantially moderate the magnitude of this

204 Using this assay, we found that sea urchin MDR transporters export canonical MDR susbtrates

205 inus (found in basal species such as the sea urchin) mediates direct catalytic activation of NADK by

206 fly compare the observed dynamics in the sea urchin model to a version that applies to the fly embryo

207 In crushing tests live urchins mostly ruptured at sutures between the plates.

208 Testing whether this holds for all sea urchins necessitates comparative analyses of echinoid ta

209 erm specification has been conceived for sea urchins, nor for any other deuterostome.

210 The sea urchin oral ectoderm gene regulatory network (GRN) model

211 m pCO2) on sperm competitiveness for the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus.

212 ies; mussels (Mytilus edulis) and purple sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus).

213 We also employed the sea urchin PC2 (SUPC2) as a model for biophysical and struct

214 the Sp185/333 gene expression in single sea urchin phagocytes.

215 macroevolutionary response to changes in sea urchin predation pressure and that it may have set the s

216 e unique insights into the importance of sea urchin predation through geologic time.

217 m native algae, resulting from protection of urchin predators.

218 ed herbivore feeding behavior, yet while sea urchins preferred nutrient-enriched seagrass tissue (reg

219 However, under the altered conditions urchins produced larger eggs compared with control anima

220 proteins, Transib transposase and purple sea urchin RAG1-like, have a latent ability to initiate V(D)

221 ic acid 5-position are recognized by the sea urchin receptor, albeit with a 20-500-fold loss in agoni

222 We found that, with one exception, sea urchins remained more abundant at heavily fished sites,

223 Thus, to evaluate the effect of live urchin's post-harvest conditions on gonad shelf-life, go

224 haracterized the proteomes of cilia from sea urchins, sea anemones, and choanoflagellates.

225 ontent with distantly related deuterostomes (urchins, sea squirts, and humans) suggests that mechanis

226 Among the various shapes of CNPs, the sea-urchin shape CNPs (SU-CNPs) shows the high product and q

227 Sea urchins share a molecular heritage with chordates that i

228 ozoic diversity changes in the predatory sea urchins show a positive correlation with diversity of mo

229 studies in naked mole rat and long-lived sea urchins showed that these species do not alter their gen

230 onditions, a result driven by differences in urchin size.

231 sulfation serves as a positional cue for sea urchin skeletal patterning.

232 skeletal development, the newly expanded sea urchin skeletogenic GRN will provide a foundation for co

233 + content and protective function of the sea urchin skeleton will play out in a complex way as global

234 These results suggest that sea urchin SMics share many more characteristics typical of

235 urpuratus and Lytechinus variegatus, two sea urchin species whose ancestors diverged approximately 10

236 available bindin sequences for two other sea urchin species, S. pallidus and S. droebachiensis.

237 f-inactivation strategy to both insert a sea urchin-specific enhancer and disrupt the endogenous vira

238 Although urchin speed did not vary significantly in relation to p

239 The GC chemoreceptor in sea urchin sperm can decode chemoattractant concentrations w

240 ral arrangements of Ribbon proteins from sea urchin sperm flagella, using quantitative immunobiochemi

241 py and optochemical techniques, we track sea urchin sperm navigating in 3D chemoattractant gradients.

242 We report that sea urchin sperm sampled molecules for 0.2-0.6 s before a Ca

243 observations of flagellar counterbend in sea urchin sperm show that the mechanical induction of curva

244 We encapsulated individual sea urchin sperm with demembranated flagellum inside water-i

245 In sea urchin sperm, a cyclic nucleotide-gated K(+) channel (CN

246 presence of polysialic acid (polySia) on sea urchin sperm.

247 Sea urchin spermatozoa respond to sperm-activating peptides,

248 In sea urchins, spermatozoan motility is altered by chemotactic

249 ecursors to calcite (CaCO3) formation in sea urchin spicules, and not proto-aragonite or poorly cryst

250 abundant occluded matrix protein in the sea urchin spicules, SM50, stabilizes ACC . H(2)O in vitro.

251 ent a comprehensive analysis of an adult sea urchin spine, and in revealing a complex, hierarchical s

252 n fertilization success in the Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri using pH treatment conditio

253 nder altered conditions on the Antarctic sea urchin, Sterechinus neumayeri.

254 antioxidant activity of gonads from the sea urchin, Stomopneustes variolaris, inhabiting the coastal

255 cluding two exons and one intron, in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius represented by two

256 In the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (class Echinoidea)

257 nged with the discovery of a gene in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (phylum Echinoderma

258 omologs are present in the genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Sp), and each nano

259 A deuterostome Grl from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus displays similar pa

260 We find that the PGCs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus exhibit broad trans

261 lls missing (gcm) regulatory gene of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is first expressed

262 for skeletogenesis in the embryo of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is restricted to th

263 ity of the ecologically important purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus to adapt to OA, usi

264 ontrasts with previous findings from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus where L-type and F-

265 kowalevskii and Ptychodera flava and the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus).

266 During embryonic development of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Vasa protein is en

267 o be an important predator of the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.

268 evelopment of the larval skeleton in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.

269 lopmental and environmental biology, the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.

270 Larvae of the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) exhibit dramatic

271 ci their annotations with respect to the Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) genome.

272 terns of genome-wide selection in purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) cultured under d

273 ing behavior of a deep-sea echinoid, the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus fragilis.

274 The Sp185/333 gene family in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, consists of an es

275 The purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, expresses a diver

276 during early embryogenesis of the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, is well described

277 ant, morphologically distinct, echinoid (sea urchin) subclasses, Euechinoidea and Cidaroidea, which d

278 he analysis of sediments and fish, coral and urchin subfossils within cores from Caribbean Panama.

279 search on indirect-developing euechinoid sea urchins suggests strong conservation of GRN circuitry du

280 crease in DNA-damage was four times lower in urchins than mussels, suggesting that internal acid-base

281 In sea urchin the ANE is restricted to the anterior of the late

282 In the sea urchin, the primary mesenchyme cell (PMC) GRN controls t

283 In sea urchins, the coelomic pouches are the major contributor

284 In sea urchins, these changes include polymerization of cortica

285 In sea urchins, this structure is built from glycoproteins resi

286 Nkx5/HMX family is highly conserved from sea urchins to humans, with known roles in neuronal and glia

287 mation and germ layer specification from sea urchins to mammals.

288 d a genetically homogenous population of sea urchins to two very different trophic environments over

289 P have molecular masses smaller than the sea urchin TPCs, and antibodies to TPCs do not detect any im

290 neralogy, thickness, and strength in the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla reared in all combinations o

291 lyethylene microspheres by larvae of the sea urchin, Tripneustes gratilla.

292 Herein we demonstrate that recombinant sea urchin vascular endothelial growth factor (rVEGF), a sig

293 ary sequences of drug binding domains of sea urchin versus murine ABCB1 by mutation of Sp-ABCB1a and

294 The force required to crush a live urchin was reduced in animals reared in low pH condition

295 For two key marine species (kelp and sea urchins), we use oceanographic modelling to predict how

296 predator and prey sizes, although larger sea urchins were consumed only by large starfishes.

297 during the month-long period when groups of urchins were continuously exposed to low pH or control c

298 fatase insulator (ArsI) derived from the sea urchin, which has conserved insulator activity throughou

299 eri was also suppressed, due to herbivory by urchins whose predators are fished.

300 nd predation rate of P. helianthoides on sea urchins will likely decrease with future warming.