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   1 trolled thermal pyrolysis of citric acid and urea.                                                   
     2 ingolipids, biogenic amines, amino acids and urea.                                                   
     3  mitochondrial cyclophilin (CPR3) induced by urea.                                                   
     4  spontaneous unfolding and refolding in zero urea.                                                   
     5  transistors (rGO FETs) for the detection of urea.                                                   
     6 ate as a function of force, temperature, and urea.                                                   
     7 ing from washing a crude preparation with 9M urea.                                                   
     8 nt is found to be favored in the presence of urea.                                                   
     9 e, dichromate, salicylic acid, melamine, and urea.                                                   
    10 he denaturants guanidinium hydrochloride and urea.                                                   
    11 d paracellular flux of sodium, chloride, and urea.                                                   
    12 l pH produced by the catalyzed hydrolysis of urea.                                                   
    13 ogel in response to the external stimulus of urea.                                                   
    14 into the corresponding amine, carbamate, and urea.                                                   
    15 tated the permeation of water, glycerol, and urea.                                                   
    16 f each domain by equilibrium denaturation in urea.                                                   
    17 as not affected by H-bond destabilization by urea.                                                   
    18 cts of another naturally occurring osmolyte, urea.                                                   
    19  3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and boronate ureas.                                                  
    20     Similarly, for glucose (0-400 mg/dL) and urea (0-250 mg/dL) spiked samples, relative RMSECVs were
    21 %) was GFR = 45.9 x (creatinine(-0.836) ) x (urea(-0.229) ) x (international normalized ratio(-0.113)
    22 lism pathway, a positive correlation between urea-1-carboxylate and AHR was observed in plasma metabo
    23  to the identification of isoquinoline ethyl urea 13 as a promising starting point for fragment evolu
  
  
  
    27 e interfacial liquid viscosity indicate that urea accumulates extensively near the silica surface, wh
    28  polyunsaturated fatty acids by formation of urea adducts from three different sources was studied to
  
  
    31 ed include nitrate, nitrite, ammonium salts, urea, amino acids, sugars, organic acids, amides, triazi
    32  number of these compounds, particularly the urea analogues, were quite potent, these molecules as a 
    33 e simultaneous quantification of glucose and urea analytes along with malaria parasitemia quantificat
    34 n mouse models and determined that increased urea and a corresponding increase in urea transporters i
  
    36 mide and hydrocarbon moieties and effects of urea and alkylureas on aqueous processes to be predicted
  
    38 re lysed in SDS, which is then exchanged for urea and ammonium bicarbonate in a centrifugal filter, b
  
    40 osarcina pasteurii, and pulsed injections of urea and calcium substrate, the NMR measured water conte
    41 status (>/=7 days) was estimated using serum urea and creatinine levels of 1,448 samples collected fr
    42 rectomy resulted in significant increases in urea and creatinine levels, a small (P<0.05) reduction i
    43 oanthocyanidins reduced gluten solubility in urea and decreased surface hydrophobicity of glutenins, 
    44 on states can be determined from analysis of urea and diethylurea effects on equilibrium and rate con
    45 ring the effect of two biological osmolytes, urea and glycerol, on the surface charge of silica, an a
    46 lar simulations to investigate the effect of urea and guanidinium chloride on the structure of the in
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    54 hese data yields strengths of interaction of ureas and naphthalene with amide sp(2)O, amide sp(2)N, a
  
  
  
  
    59  we quantify interactions of urea, alkylated ureas, and other amides by osmometry and amide-aromatic 
  
    61 agnitude, the reactivities of several diaryl urea anions correlated to the electron-withdrawing subst
  
    63 mulative NH3 loss in the two weeks following urea application without Limus ranged from 9-108 kg N ha
  
    65 ry efficiency (REN) and N balance when using urea applied with or without Limus were also measured ov
  
    67 s crucial; this study explores the nature of urea-aromatic interactions relevant in urea-assisted pro
    68 ond-long unrestrained simulations shows that urea-aromatic stacking interactions are stabilizing and 
    69 inally, we validate the ubiquitous nature of urea-aromatic stacking interactions by analyzing experim
    70 s involving fragments of the anion receptor (urea, aryl ring, etc.) are predicted to produce an inver
  
  
  
  
    75 e miniprotein in the presence and absence of urea at three different temperatures demonstrate the dis
  
    77 e to lactate flux (kPL ) and urea perfusion (urea AUC) that correlated with TRAMP tumor histologic gr
    78 queous optical clearing agent, termed UbasM: Urea-Based Amino-Sugar Mixture, that rapidly renders fix
    79 ized receptor with the unique combination of urea-based cleft and thiourea-based cleft in a single re
  
    81 functional tripodal receptor that contains a urea-based inner cleft and a thiourea-based outer cleft,
  
  
    84 idinone) (THP) chelator with the established urea-based PSMA inhibitor was synthesized and radiolabel
  
    86 e, with its luminescence being quenched upon urea being enzymatically converted into ammonia and carb
  
    88 ns of parameters like total leucocyte count, urea, bilirubin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transam
  
    90 nd-mediated signalling mechanism between the urea binding site on the indicator cross-linker and the 
    91 ensor and 112 +/- 3.36 mAM(-1)cm(-2) for the urea biosensor, with apparent Michaelis-Menten constants
  
    93 ectrode (ISE) membranes with tren-based tris-urea bis(CF3) tripodal compound (ionophore I) were found
    94 hosteric, contacting the helical bundle) and urea BPTU (allosteric, on the external receptor surface)
  
  
    97 MAO can counteract the denaturing effects of urea by inhibiting protein-urea preferential interaction
  
    99 s (KM,app), obtained from the creatinine and urea calibration curves, of 0.163 mM for creatinine deam
   100    We have previously reported that triazole ureas can act as selective and CNS-active inhibitors for
   101  carbonylative C-C activation of cyclopropyl ureas can be "captured" by pendant nucleophiles prior to
  
   103  works for cinchonidine or cinchona alkaloid-urea catalyzed sulfa-Michael addition reactions, also ap
  
  
  
   107 ion for renal function (serum creatinine and urea), complement deposition (C3b/c and C9), and infiltr
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   115 d MIOX-TG mice had even greater increases in urea, creatinine, and KIM-1 levels and more tubular inju
  
  
   118 demonstrates enhanced nitrogen flux into the urea cycle and infusion of (15)N-arginine shows that Arg
   119 ses in sphingolipids, indicate that both the urea cycle and nitric oxide pathways are dysregulated at
  
   121 d ammonia levels due to dysregulation of the urea cycle are known to cause neurologic impairment.    
  
   123 ewborn mice with a partial deficiency in the urea cycle disorder enzyme, ornithine transcarbamylase (
  
  
   126  metabolites remain unchanged from rest; but urea cycle intermediates are increased, likely attributa
  
   128 ficantly associated with decreased levels of urea cycle metabolites and increased plasma glycine leve
   129  FXR-knockout mice had reduced expression of urea cycle proteins, and accumulated precursors of ureag
   130 d H2/CO2 (compared to fructose) point to the urea cycle, uptake and degradation of peptides and amino
  
  
   133 ified by hepatic GS and approximately 35% by urea-cycle enzymes, while approximately 30% is not clear
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   141 weak correlations between oxidation rates of urea-derived N and the abundance or transcription of put
  
   143 s were always higher than oxidation rates of urea-derived N in samples from coastal Georgia, USA (mea
  
  
   146   Low concentrations of the chaotropic agent urea do not affect native Env but destabilize perturbed 
   147 he corresponding starting E- or Z-N'-alkenyl urea, each of which may be formed from the same N-allyl 
  
  
   150 S/ACN/urea was used, compared to the 30% ACN/urea extraction, indicating the role of SDS to be benefi
   151 erturbants commonly used to unfold proteins (urea, force, and temperature) affect the denatured-state
  
   153  achieved for the synthesis of indole-cyclic urea fused derivatives through a double cyclization proc
   154     Here we report that the deprotonation of ureas generates a class of versatile catalysts that are 
   155 s-linker (containing a 1,3-bis-(4-oxo-butyl)-urea group, BuUrBu) generating characteristic doublet pa
   156 e synthesized in one step using formic acid, urea, guanidine carbonate, and phenylisocyanate, respect
  
   158 ssable azobenzene tether functionalized with urea hydrogen-bonding groups and d-carbohydrates as chir
   159 er every urination event was able to inhibit urea hydrolysis in synthetic urine and real urine as ind
   160  to provide an improved understanding of the urea hydrolysis process in nonwater urinals to benefit w
   161  was used in nonwater urinals to inhibit the urea hydrolysis reaction by lowering the pH, thereby mak
   162 time the potential of marine vibrios as fast urea hydrolyzers for biotechnological applications aimin
  
  
   165 asurement of potentiometric determination of urea in sera of apparently healthy and persons suffering
  
  
   168 n revealed elevated levels of the metabolite urea in the OVT73 striatum and cerebellum, consistent wi
   169 s (less than 500mV) and were able to monitor urea in the range of 1-1000microm, with a limit of detec
  
  
  
   173 riments and release of (15) NH3 suggest that urea is hydrolyzed to ammonia intracellularly, then a po
   174 which hydrolyzes arginine into ornithine and urea, is induced upon obesity, and silencing or loss of 
  
   176 ); the primary outcome was the change in the urea kinetic-based normalized protein catabolic rate (nP
   177 , we demonstrate that postmortem human brain urea levels are elevated in a larger cohort of HD cases,
  
   179 ifying malaria parasites, blood glucose, and urea levels in whole blood samples from thick blood film
  
   181 Amino nitriles tethered to alkenes through a urea linkage undergo intramolecular C-alkenylation on tr
  
   183 c acid (HBED-CC)-based PET tracer (68)Ga-Glu-urea-Lys(Ahx)-HBED-CC ((68)Ga-PSMA-11) to allow accurate
   184 -targeting fluorescent dye conjugates of Glu-urea-Lys-HBED-CC was synthesized, and their biologic pro
   185 ed specific tumor uptake, whereas (68)Ga-Glu-urea-Lys-HBED-CC-AlexaFluor488 (9.12 +/- 5.47 %ID/g) rev
   186 the clinically relevant candidate (68)Ga-Glu-urea-Lys-HBED-CC-IRDye800CW reinforced a fast, specific 
  
   188  inhibit DAGL), which indicates the triazole ureas may affect the energy balance in mice through mult
   189 ogether, our findings indicate that aberrant urea metabolism could be the primary biochemical disrupt
  
   191 nium Bromide (CTAB) Method, Alkaline Method, Urea Method, Salt Method, Guanidinium Isothiocyanate (Gu
   192 valence of the urease enzyme that hydrolyzes urea, minerals readily precipitate in nonwater urinals a
  
  
   195 further 20% N saving compared with optimized urea-N rate (150 kg N ha(-1), based on N requirement by 
   196 se, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate fr
  
   198 dent coronary heart disease (CHD), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) has been shown to be a strong predic
   199  later, the UNx group had higher serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels and a longer electro
   200 O mice exhibited lower proteinuria and blood urea nitrogen concentrations than controls indicative of
  
  
   203 antly decreased survival and increased blood urea nitrogen levels compared with WT mice given the sam
   204  NEVKP grafts had serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen values comparable to their basal levels (P
   205 phrectomised mice and found that their blood urea nitrogen was elevated at two days post-transfer but
   206 istently elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen when compared with basal levels (P = 0.01 
   207 with low systolic blood pressure, high blood urea nitrogen, and history of coronary revascularization
  
   209 ncluding age, systolic blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen, sodium, cerebrovascular disease, chronic 
  
   211 led carboxylic acids, amides, carbamates and ureas now account for a substantial number of important 
  
   213 g of a peptide-inspired chiral helical (thio)urea oligomer and a simple tertiary amine that is able t
   214 dence of glutamine-bound ammonia disposal to urea on the rate of glutamine synthesis suggests that en
  
   216 ompared with other target molecules, such as urea or creatinine, while maintaining a low detection li
  
  
   219 ng solutes (urea, KCl) reduce ka comparably (urea) or more than (KCl) they increase kd, demonstrating
   220 y-intense nature of hepatic and extrahepatic urea osmolyte production for renal water conservation re
  
   222 sures of pyruvate to lactate flux (kPL ) and urea perfusion (urea AUC) that correlated with TRAMP tum
   223 ansporter A3 (UT-A3) have very low levels of urea permeability and are unable to concentrate urine.  
   224 ransgenic expression of UT-A1 restores basal urea permeability to the level in wild-type mice but doe
  
  
   227 ction event was possible using isocyanate as urea precursor and Ag(I) catalyst as alkyne activating a
  
  
   230 n by increased baseline ammonia, and reduced urea production and survival after an ammonia challenge.
  
   232 t room temperature with 0.4mL ethanol and 3g urea provided good relationship between concentration an
   233 3-(3-(6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)urea (PSNCBAM-1, 2) bound the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB
  
   235  excretion relies on urea transporter-driven urea recycling by the kidneys and on urea production by 
   236 score, modified SOFA (mSOFA), the Confusion, Urea, Respiratory Rate, Blood Pressure and Age (CURB-65)
  
   238 1% SDS followed by extraction with a 30% ACN/urea resulted in a decrease in the number of identified 
   239 o the conversion of imidazole to hydrophilic urea, resulting in instantaneous release of Ce6 and rapi
  
   241 ed for the numerical characterization of the urea-sensitive hydrogel in response to the external stim
   242 acterize well the responsive behavior of the urea-sensitive hydrogel subject to the urea stimulus, in
  
  
  
  
   247  show that hnRNP K expression is impaired in urea soluble extracts from mutant TDP-43 cell models.   
   248 011, nitrogen treatment involved both foliar urea sprayings and soil application at two different lev
   249 f the urea-sensitive hydrogel subject to the urea stimulus, including the distribution patterns of th
   250 ncludes sulfoxides, sulfinamides, N-sulfinyl ureas, sulfoximines, and some related S-chiral derivativ
  
   252 nia detoxification because of its support of urea synthesis, and its enhancement has potential for th
  
   254 s proposed to characterize the hydrolysis of urea that accounts for both the ionization and denaturat
  
   256 y and vestibular hair cells, we identified a urea-thiophene carboxamide, 1 (ORC-001), as protective a
   257 e dual hydrogen-bond (H-bond) donors such as ureas, thioureas, squaramides, and guanidinium ions enjo
   258  that disposal of glutamine-bound ammonia to urea (through mitochondrial glutaminase and carbamoylpho
   259 hat this is due to the remarkable ability of urea to form stacking and NH-pi interactions with aromat
   260 aging approach with (13)C-pyruvate and (13)C-urea to investigate differences in perfusion and metabol
   261 arget protein using a gradient of denaturant urea to reveal the individual energetic contributions of
  
  
   264 g the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) urea transporter A1 (UT-A1) and urea transporter A3 (UT-
   265  duct (IMCD) urea transporter A1 (UT-A1) and urea transporter A3 (UT-A3) have very low levels of urea
   266 ys also had decreased expression of the UT-A urea transporter and collectrin, which is involved in ap
   267 tified significantly increased levels of the urea transporter SLC14A1 in the OVT73 striatum, along wi
   268 echanism of dietary salt excretion relies on urea transporter-driven urea recycling by the kidneys an
   269 ions by analyzing experimental structures of urea transporters and proteins crystallized in the prese
   270 creased urea and a corresponding increase in urea transporters in the renal medulla as the result of 
   271 ed at various sites, we demonstrate that the urea-treated molecule has its surface residues flip insi
  
  
  
   275 eakly acidic species such as diols and (thio)ureas, typically classified as hydrogen bonding catalyst
   276 turally characterized the stable equilibrium urea unfolding intermediate of V75D at the ensemble leve
  
  
   279 chanical unfolding, which combines force and urea using the optical tweezers, together with tradition
  
   281 s a good correlation (r = 0.99) between sera urea values obtained by reference method (Enzymic colori
  
  
   284 substituted dihomooxacalix[4]arene bidentate urea, voltammetric responses evolve from diffusion-contr
   285 et, the plasma concentration of newly formed urea was significantly decreased compared with controls.
   286 ween the two methods was higher when SDS/ACN/urea was used, compared to the 30% ACN/urea extraction, 
   287 y rapid hydrolysis, up to 4 g L(-1) h(-1) of urea, was observed in synthetic human urine when the bac
   288 anostructure of a series of choline chloride/urea/water deep eutectic solvent mixtures was characteri
   289 ts with less nontarget organ uptake than the ureas, we synthesized four (18)F-labeled inhibitors of P
   290 ne and reduced concentrations of mannose and urea were discriminatory for the presentation of daytime
   291 the bacteria were pretreated with 10 g L(-1) urea, whereas slow hydrolysis occurred when they were pr
  
  
   294 ily available N-[(2-benzoyloxy-1-tosyl)ethyl]urea with sodium enolates of beta-oxoesters or 1,3-diket
  
   296 logenated aminopyrazoles and their amides or ureas with a range of aryl, heteroaryl, and styryl boron
   297 tes formed by treatment of the corresponding ureas with n-BuLi have been shown to activate SmI2 to a 
  
   299 ucts can be readily converted to substituted ureas without isolation, demonstrating the synthetic pot
   300 eviously disclosed TAFIa inhibitors having a urea zinc-binding motif were used as the starting point 
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