ライフサイエンスコーパス: vagus nerve

1 e ganglionic structure situated alone in the vagus nerve.

2 he gut and recruiting local afferents of the vagus nerve.

3 erent parasympathetic fibres of the cervical vagus nerve.

4 ount of direct viscerosensory input from the vagus nerve.

5 diated signaling to the hypothalamus via the vagus nerve.

6 ytokines in sepsis through activation of the vagus nerve.

7 iple functions, including stimulation of the vagus nerve.

8 of ghrelin is mediated by activation of the vagus nerve.

9 olarization of guinea pig and human isolated vagus nerve.

10 ting through hepatic branch afferents of the vagus nerve.

11 n is regulated by neural signals through the vagus nerve.

12 d wired to the spleen via this branch of the vagus nerve.

13 nt signaling at the central processes of the vagus nerve.

14 e brain from visceral regions is through the vagus nerve.

15 inimum onset latency from stimulation of the vagus nerve.

16 gus (DMNX) were evoked by stimulation of the vagus nerve.

17 ediated efferent signals carried through the vagus nerve.

18 come less excitable following section of the vagus nerve.

19 electrical stimulation of the preganglionic vagus nerve.

20 brain UGN augments fecal output through the vagus nerve.

21 nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) via the vagus nerve.

22 (LXRalpha/beta) in the nodose ganglia of the vagus nerve.

23 and cells, which are closely related to the vagus nerve.

24 on, with these effects being mediated by the vagus nerve.

25 ubunit (CTb) and isolectin B4 (IB4) into the vagus nerve.

26 by parasympathetic signals delivered by the vagus nerve.

27 eneral visceral information largely from the vagus nerve.

28 ry neurons traveling to the brainstem in the vagus nerve.

29 rfusion or acidification are mediated by the vagus nerves.

30 e stimulation of the left and right cervical vagus nerves.

31 , glossopharyngeus, and pharyngeal branch of vagus nerves.

32 act and neuroinvasion via the splanchnic and vagus nerves.

33 in rats with intact or cut subdiaphragmatic vagus nerves.

34 with cooling coils previously placed on both vagus nerves.

35 e autonomic nerves: the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves.

36 the proximal end of the transected cervical vagus nerve (3 pulses, 100 Hz, 1 ms, 100-500 muA).

37 em regulates innate immune responses via the vagus nerve, a mechanism termed the cholinergic antiinfl

38 iorates gut barrier dysfunction in sepsis by vagus nerve activation via central ghrelin receptors.

39 -inflammatory influences but also may reduce vagus nerve activity.

40 trally administered methoctramine stimulated vagus-nerve activity measured by changes in instantaneou

41 Here, we identify two populations of mouse vagus nerve afferents (P2ry1, Npy2r), each a few hundred

42 eus (Pf) in monkeys is strongly activated by vagus nerve afferents.

43 ulating the rostral cut ends of the cervical vagus nerves also evoked a sympathetic adrenergic nerve-

44 or in 12 dogs to stimulate the left cervical vagus nerve and a radiotransmitter for continuous record

45 ishes the anti-inflammatory potential of the vagus nerve and beta2-agonists to control inflammation i

46 application of PBG potentiated responses to vagus nerve and cardiopulmonary afferent stimulation, an

47 This study indicates that vagus nerve and cholinergic agonists activate the sympat

48 Likewise, vagus nerve and cholinergic agonists fail to control inf

49 blish the anti-inflammatory potential of the vagus nerve and cholinergic agonists in immunocompromise

50 Thus, vagus nerve and cholinergic agonists inhibit systemic in

51 the anti-inflammatory potential of both the vagus nerve and cholinergic agonists, and abrogate their

52 rent input from the gustatory portion of the vagus nerve and contain reflex circuitry involved in the

53 n, and stimulation both indirectly using the vagus nerve and directly using various intracranial targ

54 e (ACh) is the major neurotransmitter of the vagus nerve and exerts its parasympathetic actions via a

55 a neural mechanism that is controlled by the vagus nerve and inhibits local cytokine release, thereby

56 region receives autonomic afferents via the vagus nerve and is an important site of AngII actions.

57 n anti-inflammatory reflex arc involving the vagus nerve and memory T cells is necessary for resoluti

58 increased responses were observed in ex vivo vagus nerve and neuron cell bodies in the vagal ganglia.

59 c mechanism that involves recruitment of the vagus nerve and subsequent activation of endocannabinoid

60 was abolished by surgical transection of the vagus nerve and was not observed in other peripheral org

61 DAF-2 DA) during stimulation of the cervical vagus nerves and acetylcholine perfusion in the absence

62 Acute surgery for isolation of vagus nerves and anesthesia for 90 min increased the num

63 was weak or absent both in rats with intact vagus nerves and in vagotomised rats, suggesting that an

64 (end-tidal CO(2), 4.3 +/- 0.2%) with intact vagus nerves and three vagotomized cats, AP-SND phase wa

65 s, including the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, and in the motor neurons of the dorsal colu

66 stem of growth and metabolism acting via the vagus nerve, and is implicated in a variety of altered e

67 solitary tract, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, and salivatory nuclei), gustatory system (r

68 iginating in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, and the second postganglionic, originating

69 cants that affect the brain-gut axis via the vagus nerve, and then travel to higher centers, compromi

70 nflammatory potential of the parasympathetic vagus nerve, and they represent a potential pharmacologi

71 molecular link between the immune system and vagus nerve, and thus the CNS.

72 Afferent drive in cough is carried by the vagus nerve, and vagal afferent nerve terminals have bee

73 rphology of the facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves are abnormal in Spry1-/-;Spry2-/- embryos.

74 d, using a nerve-cooling technique, that the vagus nerves are not essential for the counterregulatory

75 l pathways, with or without mediation by the vagus nerve, are known to participate in regulation of e

76 ependent of GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs) in the vagus nerve, area postrema, and paraventricular nucleus.

77 These results unveil CB(1)R in the vagus nerve as a key component underlying normal gastroi

78 fundus, and this effect was mediated by the vagus nerve at doses of 56.5, 113, and 226 nmol/kg.

79 omyography input and use it to stimulate the vagus nerve at specific time points of the respiratory c

80 ermine whether electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve attenuates kidney ischemia-reperfusion injur

81 rallel, neural reflex circuits including the vagus nerve-based inflammatory reflex are physiological

82 blockade of the afferent transmission in the vagus nerve by topical application of local anaesthetic.

83 Furthermore neuromodulation of the vagus nerve can be used in the treatment of obesity.

84 Efferent activity in the vagus nerve can prevent endotoxin-induced shock by atten

85 how that in the human and pig heart the left vagus nerve can profoundly decrease the inotropic state

86 us system, via an inflammatory reflex of the vagus nerve, can inhibit cytokine release and thereby pr

87 The nervous system, through the vagus nerve, can inhibit significantly and rapidly the r

88 A prototypical vagus nerve circuit, the inflammatory reflex, inhibits t

89 ric ganglia and components of splanchnic and vagus nerve circuitry were examined along with the brain

90 electrical stimulation of the left thoracic vagus nerve close to its cardiac branch resulted in a si

91 1)R in afferent and efferent branches of the vagus nerve (Cnr1(flox/flox); Phox2b-Cre mice).

92 imulation of either the right or left intact vagus nerve conferred significant protection against end

93 The vagus nerve contains afferent fibers that transmit senso

94 Thus, the vagus nerve contains intermingled sensory neurons consti

95 The vagus nerve contains primary visceral afferents that con

96 The vagus nerve controls inflammation in healthy, but not in

97 The vagus nerve conveys primary afferent information produce

98 esponse to VCMS, providing evidence that the vagus nerve conveys VCMS directly from the genitalia to

99 tumor necrosis factor effect of the efferent vagus nerve could be a therapeutic target in IBD through

100 Efferent activation of the cervical vagus nerve (cVN) dampens systemic inflammatory processe

101 ugh it is known that peripheral axons of the vagus nerve degenerate and then regenerate to a limited

102 ry tract (mNTS), dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMV) and the hypoglossal nucleus (HN).

103 tarius (NTS) and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMV) constitute sensory and motor nuclei of

104 nsmission in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMV).

105 n subdiaphragmatically vagotomized rats, the vagus nerve does not appear to be the only route by whic

106 regulates leukocyte trafficking because the vagus nerve does not innervate endothelial cells.

107 s well as the pathophysiological outcomes of vagus nerve dysfunction resulting in obesity, mood disor

108 An additional mechanism regulating vagus nerve effects on the pancreas involves Group II an

109 (1 min) electrical pulsed stimulation of the vagus nerve elicited the classic Hering-Breuer (HB) refl

110 ell as rats, posttraining stimulation of the vagus nerve enhances memory consolidation.

111 ical stimulation of the central stump of the vagus nerve (ESV) transected at the spinal cervical leve

112 Stimulation of the vagus nerve evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents in C

113 Activation of afferent vagus nerve fibres by endotoxin or cytokines stimulates

114 Vagus nerve firing is also stimulated by CNI-1493, a tet

115 velop future pharmacotherapy targeted to the vagus nerve for the treatment of obesity are proposed.

116 The vagus nerve forms a neuro-anatomical link between the ga

117 , phrenic (PN), hypoglossal (HN) and central vagus nerves from neonatal and juvenile rats in situ.

118 e demonstrated the importance of splenic and vagus nerve functions in the inflammatory process throug

119 Stimulation of the vagus nerve has become an effective method for desynchro

120 The vagus nerve has been implicated in the regulation of sev

121 y, a severing of the peripheral axons of the vagus nerve, has been extensively utilized to determine

122 cal and electrical stimulation of the intact vagus nerve in adult male Lewis rats subjected to endoto

123 ibres was recorded from the dorsal abdominal vagus nerve in an in vitro preparation of the duodenum.

124 These findings corroborate the role of the vagus nerve in regulating hippocampal activity and the i

125 review highlights evidence for a role of the vagus nerve in the development of obesity and how target

126 nce of the action of CCK at the level of the vagus nerve in the regulation of food intake, body weigh

127 Stimulation of the vagus nerve in the so-called cholinergic antiinflammator

128 ect electrical stimulation of the peripheral vagus nerve in vivo during lethal endotoxaemia in rats i

129 IL-1beta levels in abdominal vagus nerve increased by 45 min after LPS administration

130 Stimulation of the vagus nerve increases fibrogenic cytokines in humans, th

131 olish antiinflammatory signaling through the vagus nerve, indicating that peripheral muscarinic recep

132 the peripheral cut end of the left cervical vagus nerve induced a significant decrease in Ees of 26

133 e nucleus, medial lemniscus, pontine nuclei, vagus nerve, inferior olive, abducens nucleus, and motor

134 The efferent vagus nerve inhibits cytokine release through alpha7-nic

135 Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve inhibits TNF synthesis in wild-type mice, bu

136 The vagus nerve innervates visceral organs and may contribut

137 The vagus nerve innervating the gut plays an important role

138 The vagus nerve is a key body-brain connection that monitors

139 The vagus nerve is a major conduit between lung and brain re

140 The common hepatic branch of the vagus nerve is a two-way highway of communication betwee

141 The vagus nerve is an important source of afferent informati

142 conclusion there is strong evidence that the vagus nerve is involved in the development of obesity an

143 ed with intact controls, suggesting that the vagus nerve is required for unmasking of NK-2 responses.

144 The vagus nerve is thought to participate in signal transduc

145 n concentrations, afferent signaling via the vagus nerves is not required for a normal counterregulat

146 on following disruption of carotid sinus and vagus nerves it is proposed that: (1) afferent projectio

147 wn, but may reside in either blood or in the vagus nerve itself.

148 gical resection of the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve led to a marked increase in liver glucose pr

149 ients by closed-loop stimulation of the left vagus nerve (LVN).

150 The superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve may be injured during thyroidectomy, produci

151 It indicated that the vagus nerve may influence PF by enhancing fibrogenic fac

152 Pharmacologic stimulation of the vagus nerve may offer a novel approach of anti-sepsis th

153 The vagus nerve may relay the signal, either through anterog

154 ion of cytokine production, is essential for vagus nerve-mediated regulation of neutrophil activation

155 The therapeutic potential of vagus nerve modulation to attenuate or reverse these pat

156 gical resection of the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve, negates the effects of central insulin and

157 Aplysia californica, and in axons within the vagus nerve of a mammal, the musk shrew Suncus murinus.

158 ed A- and Adelta-axons from excised cervical vagus nerves of young adult Kcna1-null mice and age-matc

159 the effects of electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve on learning and memory, mood, seizure suppre

160 of direct electrical stimulation of the left vagus nerve on left ventricular contractile state in hea

161 st the relevance of CB(1)R in neurons of the vagus nerve on metabolic homeostasis and gastrointestina

162 fect of a unilateral section of the cervical vagus nerve on the distribution of P2X(1), P2X(2), P2X(3

163 s suggest an anti-fibrillatory action of the vagus nerve on the ventricle, although the exact mechani

164 examined whether glutamate release from the vagus nerve onto the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS)

165 Treatment with vagus nerve or sham stimulation was administered concurr

166 We therefore postulate that the vagus nerve participates in informing the brain about tu

167 Stimulation of the vagus nerve prevents the damaging effects of cytokine re

168 teral electrical stimulation of the cervical vagus nerve produced bradypnoea by exclusively extending

169 egion of the medulla oblongata, to which the Vagus nerves project, is activated by vaginal-cervical s

170 The vagus nerve projects directly to the HSD2 neurons and th

171 We conclude that the Vagus nerves provide a spinal cord-bypass pathway for va

172 The vagus nerves provide much of the capsaicin-sensitive noc

173 In particular, the vagus nerve provides the parasympathetic innervation to

174 Transection of the vagus nerve proximal to the ganglion results in loss of

175 Thus, action potentials originating in the vagus nerve regulate T cells, which in turn produce the

176 These results indicate that the vagus nerve regulates both netrin-1 and pro-resolving li

177 n-initiated peritoneal inflammation that the vagus nerve regulates local expression of netrin-1, an a

178 Recent studies have implicated vagus nerve regulation of splenic cholinergic nicotinic

179 sitive afferents in the glossopharygneal and vagus nerves release SP in a region of the NTS that rece

180 afferent fibers in the glossopharygneal and vagus nerves release SP in the caudal NTS.

181 tension events from the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves, respectively.

182 injections of both CTb and IB4 into the same vagus nerve resulted in labeling of two exclusive popula

183 Vagal blockade, which inhibits the vagus nerve, results in significant weight loss.

184 Extracellular recordings in the isolated vagus nerve revealed that the conduction of action poten

185 In rats with intact vagus nerves, RTN neurons were inhibited, also to a vari

186 nvergence of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, sections of the medial retropharyngeal lymp

187 rate variability (markers of low cholinergic/vagus nerve sensitivity).

188 in-induced shock to determine whether intact vagus nerve signaling is required for the antiinflammato

189 y little is known about the role of efferent vagus nerve signalling in modulating inflammation.

190 We have previously shown that efferent vagus nerve signals regulate cytokine production through

191 the "inflammatory reflex," is dependent upon vagus nerve signals that inhibit cytokine production and

192 ated (cholinergic) receptor that responds to vagus nerve signals was previously unknown.

193 fluid percussion injury (FPI), FPI with sham Vagus Nerve Simulation (VNS), and FPI with chronic inter

194 Effects may be mediated via the vagus nerve, spinal cord, or neuroendocrine systems.

195 f fundoplication restored axial stretch- and vagus nerve-stimulated LES relaxation as well as LES cra

196 Here we show that an implantable vagus nerve-stimulating device in epilepsy patients inhi

197 ement anti-inflammatory therapy via cervical vagus nerve stimulation (cVNS) one should selectively ac

198 We hypothesize that left-sided low-level vagus nerve stimulation (LL-VNS) can suppress sympatheti

199 The effects of periodic left vagus nerve stimulation (LVNS) on chemically-induced sei

200 Vagus nerve stimulation (up to four times daily) in RA p

201 Specifically, the authors demonstrate that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) activates the cholinergic

202 The hypothesis that left vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) at the cervical level resu

203 ctive of this study was to determine whether vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) can enhance the consolidat

204 Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been shown to exert ca

205 ABSTRACT: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an emerging therapy for

206 Noninvasive, transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is currently used as a tre

207 e immunity, and modulation of this reflex by vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is effective in various in

208 sought to investigate the effect of cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on cerebral blood flow (CB

209 m effects of episodic inspiratory-inhibitory vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on phrenic nerve activity.

210 he pilot study was to evaluate the effect of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) paired with sounds in chro

211 Recent research has shown that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with tones or with

212 We have previously shown that direct vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) reduces the slope of actio

213 evoked cardiac response to bipolar cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) reflects a dynamic interac

214 Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy was shown to impro

215 ion Registry investigated whether adjunctive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) with treatment as usual in

216 We hypothesized that electrical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) would suppress harmaline t

217 Only vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), which continues to develo

218 The place of vagus nerve stimulation among antiepileptic drugs and ot

219 , with the carrageenan air pouch model, both vagus nerve stimulation and cholinergic agonists signifi

220 eloped a method of transcutaneous mechanical vagus nerve stimulation and then investigated whether th

221 erve stimulation (SNS) and right and/or left vagus nerve stimulation and was compared with DOR during

222 receive electrical, transcutaneous, or sham vagus nerve stimulation and were followed for survival o

223 epeatedly pairing tones with brief pulses of vagus nerve stimulation completely eliminated the physio

224 Left-sided low-level vagus nerve stimulation did not change vagal nerve activ

225 Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation dose-dependently reduced systemi

226 ntiinflammatory pathway." Here, we show that vagus nerve stimulation during endotoxemia specifically

227 Vagus nerve stimulation fails to control serum TNF level

228 Here we show that vagus nerve stimulation fails to inhibit tumor necrosis

229 US Food and Drug Administration approval of vagus nerve stimulation for recurrent treatment-resistan

230 Now nearly 5 years post-approval, vagus nerve stimulation has emerged as a major non-pharm

231 This review evaluates the role of vagus nerve stimulation in light of recently published r

232 hange in the direction of DOR, but bilateral vagus nerve stimulation increased and reversed DOR to ba

233 Axial stretch and vagus nerve stimulation induced cranial displacement of

234 Treatment with transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation inhibited HMGB1 levels and impro

235 Electrical vagus nerve stimulation inhibits proinflammatory cytokin

236 Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits proinflammatory cytokin

237 Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation is an efficacious treatment for

238 vidence that the anti-fibrillatory effect of vagus nerve stimulation on the ventricle is mediated by

239 Studies of the effect of vagus nerve stimulation on ventricular myocardial functi

240 t may be exploited through either electrical vagus nerve stimulation or administration of alpha7 agon

241 Vagus nerve stimulation paired with exposure to conditio

242 It is unclear how vagus nerve stimulation regulates leukocyte trafficking

243 Vagus nerve stimulation significantly (P<0.01) decreased

244 Similarly, vagus nerve stimulation significantly attenuates neutrop

245 In contrast to vagus nerve stimulation studies, no substantial cardiova

246 Cervical vagus nerve stimulation suppressed power in the 8-12-Hz

247 Left-sided low-level vagus nerve stimulation suppresses stellate ganglion ner

248 Together, these results establish that vagus nerve stimulation targeting the inflammatory refle

249 te that bilateral autonomic activity (SNS or vagus nerve stimulation) cause reversible shifts of apex

250 e association between temporal lobe surgery, vagus nerve stimulation, and other non-pharmacological t

251 mulation, (3) surgical approaches, including vagus nerve stimulation, epidural electrical stimulation

252 n of nicotine, an alpha7 agonist that mimics vagus nerve stimulation, increases proinflammatory cytok

253 on celiac nerve abolishes TNF suppression by vagus nerve stimulation, suggesting that the cholinergic

254 During right or left vagus nerve stimulation, there was no change in the dire

255 timulation frequency-dependent manner during vagus nerve stimulation, with comparable increases seen

256 red for inhibition of cytokine production by vagus nerve stimulation.

257 r functional inhibition of TNF production by vagus nerve stimulation.

258 Vagus-nerve stimulation (VNS) is licensed in several cou

259 ugh neurostimulation techniques, such as the vagus nerve stimulator.

260 Vagus nerve stimulators can mimic this response and can

261 a region which is densely innervated by the vagus nerve, suggesting that they could receive direct v

262 acial nerve and not the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves, suggesting that the facial nerve is most s

263 nerve depolarization of guinea-pig and human vagus nerve suggestive of an inhibitory effect on affere

264 The vagus nerve supplies low-threshold chemo- and mechanosen

265 e the two putative mechanoreceptors that the vagus nerve supplies to gastrointestinal smooth muscle.

266 , the two putative mechanoreceptors that the vagus nerve supplies to the gastrointestinal smooth musc

267 We conclude that the vagus nerves supply the guinea-pig oesophagus with nocic

268 ophagus, we show that in the guinea-pig, the vagus nerves supply the oesophagus with a large populati

269 Gustatory afferent fibers of the vagus nerve that innervate taste buds of the oropharynx

270 matory mechanism mediated by the sciatic and vagus nerves that modulates the production of catecholam

271 Second, in three cats with intact vagus nerves that were hyperventilated (end tidal CO(2),

272 Defining the interactions among the vagus nerve, the enteric nervous system, and the intesti

273 and abdomen is delivered continuously by the vagus nerve, the largest visceral sensory nerve in the b

274 at juxtaparanodes of myelinated axons in the vagus nerve, the primary conduit for parasympathetic inn

275 xpression in juxtaparanodes of the wild-type vagus nerve, the primary source of parasympathetic input

276 nervated by the gastroduodenal branch of the vagus nerve, the transection of which influences food in

277 expansion via electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve to identify the brain circuits responsible f

278 ction or injury travels through the afferent vagus nerve to integrative regions in the brainstem, and

279 AchR) has been shown to be necessary for the vagus nerve to modulate the systemic inflammatory respon

280 Recent observations linking the vagus nerve to plasticity in the central nervous system

281 other to provide rhythmic motor drive to the vagus nerve to slow the heart.

282 by anorexigenic hormones, which act via the vagus nerve to stimulate feeding, are unknown.

283 itiating neural messages that travel via the vagus nerve to the brain, and electrical stimulation of

284 CCK are greatly reduced 1-2 weeks following vagus nerve transection, indicating that the majority of

285 een limited to unilateral stimulation of the vagus nerve, typically delivered according to a fixed du

286 fibrillation ablation on the function of the vagus nerve/UGI system.

287 s to exert axial stretch on the LES, and the vagus nerve was isolated in the neck for electrical stim

288 Human vagus nerve was used to confirm key observations in anim

289 After the C-fibre conduction in both vagus nerves was blocked, right-atrial injection of caps

290 Electrical stimulation of the right and left vagus nerves was initiated 30min after the induction of

291 Vagus nerves were sectioned in order to rule out prolong

292 vascular areas innervated by branches of the vagus nerve, whereas only cells in the carotid labyrinth

293 perexcitability in large myelinated axons in vagus nerve which could contribute to autonomic dysfunct

294 ervation from a nonspinal source through the vagus nerve, which innervates the distal colon as well.

295 To test whether the Vagus nerves, which bypass the spinal cord, provide the

296 ctively transected the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve while infusing resveratrol centrally.

297 development of obesity and how targeting the vagus nerve with neuromodulation or pharmacology can be

298 uring sterile endotoxemia independent of the vagus nerve, without affecting innate immune cell activa

299 er afferent nerve fibers traveling along the vagus nerves would play a role in the defense of hypogly

300 their anatomical relation to branches of the vagus nerve (Xth cranial nerve).