ライフサイエンスコーパス: vena

1 iosus (16/47, 34%), persistent left superior vena cava (14/47, 30%), and abnormal branching of the ri

2 re (17 +/- 2%), thorax (14 +/- 2%), inferior vena cava (23 +/- 2%) and liver (23 +/- 2%) (all P </= 0

3 embolism (five of 23; 22%), and the inferior vena cava (four of 23; 17%).

4 Powder; n = 7) or infusion into the inferior vena cava (Humulin R; n = 6) using an algorithm to match

5 l treatment of chronic occlusion of inferior vena cava (IVC) and iliocaval confluence with angioplast

6 with incidental finding of complete inferior vena cava (IVC) and obliteration.

7 ng the IPVE, and using the aorta or inferior vena cava (IVC) as the input function.

8 e inside diameters of the aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC) at the top of L2 and the bottom of L4 an

9 Failure to remove a retrievable inferior vena cava (IVC) filter can cause severe complications wi

10 after implantation of an absorbable inferior vena cava (IVC) filter in a swine model.

11 erlapping heparin and warfarin, and inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement were not independent pr

12 e relationship between prophylactic inferior vena cava (IVC) filter use, mortality, and VTE.

13 Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are widely used for prevention o

14 The use of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters for prevention of venous thrombo

15 The use of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters in this population has been incr

16 divided on the role of prophylactic inferior vena cava (IVC) filters to prevent PE.

17 se of anticoagulation, placement of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters, clinical outcomes, and comments

18 ecent studies concerning the use of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters.

19 lower loop reentry (LLR) around the inferior vena cava (IVC) has been described recently.

20 unseeded control) were implanted as inferior vena cava (IVC) interposition grafts in juvenile lambs.

21 Obstruction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is infrequent, membranous obstruction of

22 (WT) littermates underwent partial inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation to induce venous thrombosis.

23 hat 48-hour flow restriction in the inferior vena cava (IVC) results in the development of thrombi st

24 Here, using a murine DVT model of inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis, we demonstrate that mice with

25 Inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis is generally a contraindicati

26 nt of chronic iliofemoral (I-F) and inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis.

27 er is associated with renal vein or inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus in up to 10% of cases.

28 t has been suggested for the use of inferior vena cava (IVC) value instead of FHVP to calculate HVPG

29 ption of the hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava (IVC) were the vascular anomalies.

30 onal profile of the mouse aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC), not restricting our analysis to the end

31 Ten inferior vena cava (IVC)-SMV punctures were performed in six pigs

32 ging tumors with extension into the inferior vena cava (IVC).

33 ) and infrahepatic and suprahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC).

34 tion of the mesentericoportal vein (n = 24), vena cava (n = 3), or hepatic vein (n = 3).

35 ; P=0.005), whereas persistent left superior vena cava (P=0.85), ventricular septal defect (P=0.12),

36 ocardium in late frames as compared with the vena cava (percentage injected dose per gram, ctl: 21.4+

37 thy through partial ligation of the inferior vena cava (pIVCL).

38 t on a rare case of persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) with absent right superior vena cava (

39 vena cava (PLSVC) with absent right superior vena cava (RSVC).

40 (PV) origin, those arising from the superior vena cava (SVC) can precipitate atrial fibrillation (AF)

41 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Superior vena cava (SVC) is one of the most important nonpulmonar

42 estigate the causes and symptoms of superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction or occlusion and report on t

43 ntral veins of the thorax including superior vena cava (SVC), brachiocephalic (BCV), subclavian (SCV)

44 if they resided anywhere within the superior vena cava (SVC).

45 lt from vascular obstruction of the superior vena cava (SVC).

46 n into aorto-iliac/visceral arteries and the vena cava (temporal resolution, five images per second;

47 RP was achieved by cannulating the aorta and vena cava after death.

48 comas that most commonly affect the inferior vena cava and account for 5% of all leiomyosarcomas.

49 For the superior vena cava and brachiocephalic veins, the reconstructions

50 facts limited the evaluation of the inferior vena cava and common iliac veins near the confluence.

51 e into the left subclavian vein and superior vena cava and evaluated for up to 90 minutes.

52 of the adrenal vein drainage to the inferior vena cava and hepatic vein or of the inferior phrenic ve

53 pressor treatment by evaluating the inferior vena cava and other cardiac structures.Lung ultrasound c

54 portal vein, and hepatic vein) and infusion (vena cava and portal vein) catheters and flow probes (he

55 ed-chest, large-vessel anastomosis (superior vena cava and pulmonary artery [PA] or bidirectional Gle

56 vant (>3 mm) apposition between the inferior vena cava and pulmonary venous atrium (cavoatrial overla

57 ugh a region of overlap between the inferior vena cava and pulmonary venous atrium is feasible.

58 avascular balloon positioned at the superior vena cava and right atrial junction (SVC-RAJ) reduces so

59 tracer bolus dispersion in blood between the vena cava and the arterial tree was applied.

60 th a transformation that linked the superior vena cava and the coronary sinus from the CT model with

61 Similarly, the superior vena cava and the coronary sinus were also reconstructed

62 Tumors invading the vena cava and/or the hepatocaval confluence are indicati

63 ualized unequivocally in the murine inferior vena cava as hot spots in vivo by simultaneous acquisiti

64 icle cavity, left atrial cavity, or inferior vena cava as the IDIF.

65 re was a 17% difference in the image-derived vena cava blood activity at 60 min, compared with the ex

66 3%-100%), whereas 55% +/- 19 of the inferior vena cava blood flowed to the left PA (range, 22%-82%).

67 ntan circulation, 87% +/- 13 of the superior vena cava blood flowed to the right PA (range, 63%-100%)

68 esection with reconstruction of the inferior vena cava can be performed in selected cases.

69 Superior vena cava catheterization interventions between August 1

70 osity measures, pulse generator and superior vena cava coil location, and angle of lead exit from the

71 nfidence interval 0.65-0.89) or the inferior vena cava collapsibility index (area under the curve 0.6

72 us pressure (R = 0.58), whereas the inferior vena cava collapsibility index and the internal jugular

73 cators, with a significantly higher inferior vena cava collapsibility index on day 0 than nonacidotic

74 of central venous pressure than the inferior vena cava collapsibility index or the internal jugular v

75 Inferior vena cava collapsibility index was not an independent pr

76 , low stroke volume index, and high inferior vena cava collapsibility index, which improved with subs

77 or contractility and assessment of inferior vena cava collapsibility.

78 present a unique case, in which the inferior vena cava compression by a total artificial heart was in

79 re available in 65 patients, as the inferior vena cava could not be visualized in two patients.

80 Transmural pressure of the superior vena cava decreased during inspiration, whereas the tran

81 t between the right portal vein and inferior vena cava detected on postnatal ultrasound examination.

82 An inferior vena cava diameter < 2 cm predicted a central venous pre

83 pressure (< 10 mm Hg) was 0.91 for inferior vena cava diameter (95% confidence interval 0.84-0.98),

84 ransesophageal echocardiography, of inferior vena cava diameter (IVC) measured using transthoracic ec

85 ve study, respiratory variations of superior vena cava diameter (SVC) measured using transesophageal

86 The maximal inferior vena cava diameter correlated moderately with central ve

87 venous pressure after adjusting for inferior vena cava diameter in a multiple linear regression model

88 ut vasopressor support, the maximal inferior vena cava diameter is a more robust estimate of central

89 Respiratory variation in vena cava diameter measured by ultrasound (distensibilit

90 The proximal mouse vena cava diameter was 2.54 +/- 0.30 mm.

91 to width ratio (aspect ratio), the inferior vena cava diameter, and the percent collapse of the infe

92 ment of the central isthmus (RCA to inferior vena cava distance).

93 Patients with less vena cava distensibility were not as likely to be fluid

94 The collapsibility index of the inferior vena cava during a deep standardized inspiration is a si

95 ted into the grafts through the suprahepatic vena cava during cold storage (VSOP-NO group; n=20).

96 ential expression pattern in mouse aorta vs. vena cava ECs, which cannot be explained by the differen

97 s when they become firmly embedded along the vena cava endothelium.

98 Vena cava filter (VCF) placement for pulmonary embolism

99 verity were assigned to retrievable inferior vena cava filter implantation plus anticoagulation (filt

100 Insertion of a retrievable inferior vena cava filter in patients randomized to the filter gr

101 d with a significant bleeding risk, inferior vena cava filter insertion compared with anticoagulant t

102 we assessed the association between inferior vena cava filter insertion for known significant bleedin

103 surgical pulmonary embolectomy, and inferior vena cava filter insertion.

104 Trauma patients and inferior vena cava filter placements were excluded.

105 embolism, the use of a retrievable inferior vena cava filter plus anticoagulation compared with anti

106 r thrombosis risk factors, avoiding inferior vena cava filter usage except in specified circumstances

107 The effectiveness of inferior vena cava filter use among patients with acute symptomat

108 lism (previous thromboembolism, preoperative vena cava filter, hypoventilation, pulmonary hypertensio

109 heparin (29%), dalteparin (40%), or inferior vena cava filters (20%) were not statistically different

110 Evidence that vena cava filters (VCFs) are beneficial is limited.

111 change in the society guidelines, the use of vena cava filters (VCFs) continues to rise.

112 Although retrievable inferior vena cava filters are frequently used in addition to ant

113 Limited evidence suggests that vena cava filters are only modestly efficacious for prev

114 erventions such as thrombolysis and inferior vena cava filters are reserved for limited circumstances

115 aim to define prolonged retrievable inferior vena cava filters dwell time by determining the inflecti

116 However, mechanical approaches such as vena cava filters have high complication and treatment f

117 investigate the survival effects of inferior vena cava filters in patients with venous thromboembolis

118 Patients with retrievable inferior vena cava filters in place beyond 7 months may benefit f

119 Although chronically implanted inferior vena cava filters may result in filter-related morbidity

120 inform the management of fractured inferior vena cava filters on the basis of results from a tertiar

121 l is effective in removing embedded inferior vena cava filters refractory to standard retrieval and h

122 Superior vena cava filters should be avoided.

123 The use of prophylactic vena cava filters should be re-examined.

124 Until further data emerge, thrombolysis and vena cava filters should be reserved for patients in who

125 Vena cava filters were placed in 3,883 patients, 86% as

126 Inferior vena cava filters were placed in 46%.

127 y impacted retrieval of retrievable inferior vena cava filters with prolonged dwell times; however, t

128 g, feeding tube placement, tracheostomy, and vena cava filters) among nursing home residents to rates

129 d efficacy of thrombolytic therapy, inferior vena cava filters, and embolectomy during pregnancy.

130 is is best reserved for severe VTE; inferior vena cava filters, ideally the retrievable variety, shou

131 growth in placement of retrievable inferior vena cava filters, retrieval rates remain low.

132 be diminished by leg compression devices or vena cava filters.

133 e flow were performed by increasing inferior vena cava flow.

134 trial fibrillation triggered from a superior vena cava focus (1 patient) adjacent to the right PN or

135 combined resection of the liver and inferior vena cava for hepatic malignancy.

136 t anastomosis of liver allograft to a Dacron vena cava graft can be a feasible solution if traditiona

137 Involvement of the inferior vena cava has traditionally been considered a contraindi

138 Vena cava IDIF (n = 7) was compared with the left ventri

139 after acute insulin treatment, using a mouse vena cava IDIF approach.

140 The mouse vena cava IDIF provides repeatable assessment of the blo

141 ardial glucose uptake rates (rMGU) using the vena cava IDIF were calculated at baseline (n = 8), afte

142 alysis was systematically assessed using the vena cava image-derived blood input function (IDIF).

143 en, kidney, brain, lung, vitreous humor, and vena cava in comparison to untreated controls (P </= .05

144 thrombosis induced by flow reduction in the vena cava inferior, we identified blood-derived high-mob

145 odegradable TEVGs were implanted as inferior vena cava interposition conduits in 2 groups of C57BL/6

146 s that were surgically implanted as inferior vena cava interposition grafts in SCID/bg mice.

147 nctive therapeutic modalities (thrombolysis, vena cava interruption, venous stenting).

148 Persistent left superior vena cava is a rare but important congenital vascular an

149 Additionally, the transmural pressure of the vena cava is decreased, whereas the transmural pressure

150 us oxygen saturation (ScvO2) in the superior vena cava is predominantly determined by cardiac output,

151 Adjunctive ablation included superior vena cava isolation in 6 patients, cavotricuspid isthmus

152 Baseline renal vein and inferior vena cava levels of inflammatory markers were measured a

153 tibility to venous thrombosis after inferior vena cava ligation at 12 or 18 months of age (P<0.05 ver

154 tion after carotid artery injury or inferior vena cava ligation.

155 decrease the theoretical risk of a positive vena cava margin or hematologic metastases.

156 Inferior vena cava occlusion at all experimental stages (baseline

157 temporary preload reduction during inferior vena cava occlusion initially induced an expansion of LV

158 erior vena cava thrombosis, chronic inferior vena cava occlusion, and pain from retroperitoneal or bo

159 ume loop data obtained during acute inferior vena cava occlusion.

160 Venous thrombosis was induced in the vena cava of BALB/C mice, and temporal changes in T1 rel

161 vein thrombosis was induced in the inferior vena cava of male BALB/C mice.

162 nt platelet microparticles into the inferior vena cava of mice and harvested endothelial cells from t

163 Despite significant inferior vena cava or hepatic venous compression in 65%, hepatic

164 n, 18 kg) kg of whom 4 had occluded inferior vena cava or iliac veins and 2 had previous complex vasc

165 tion of a roughened catheter into either the vena cava or the aorta.

166 llate ganglia; (3) occlusion of the inferior vena cava or thoracic aorta; (4) transient ventricular i

167 id resuscitation and fluid removal, superior vena cava oxygen saturation, goal-directed, coagulation,

168 ed as the lower of the superior and inferior vena cava oxygen saturations.

169 Vena cava pertinent diameters were measured 15-20 mm cau

170 ne subject, a congenital left-sided superior vena cava precluded right-sided capture.

171 , patients had significantly higher inferior vena cava pressures (15.6 versus 13.7 mm Hg; P=0.007), b

172 hout partial-volume correction, the inferior vena cava provides a reliable and reproducible IDIF for

173 her the collapsibility index of the inferior vena cava recorded during a deep standardized inspiratio

174 computer modeling was used to determine the vena cava recovery coefficient.

175 e usefulness of respiratory variation in the vena cava requires confirmatory studies.

176 Aortic or superior vena cava rim deficiencies were more common in cases tha

177 The presented IDIF from the vena cava showed a robust determination of CMRGlc using

178 ach]; the lowest proportion was for inferior vena cava size [75%]).

179 unted for (aortic valve was 91% and inferior vena cava size was 58%).

180 (aortic valve was 96% [highest] and inferior vena cava size was 78% [lowest]) and decreased when nonv

181 When adjusted for age, LVEF, inferior vena cava size, and RV size and function, survival was w

182 A young woman with a benign superior vena cava stenosis due to a tunneled internal jugular ve

183 umor-bearing and control mice in an inferior vena cava stenosis model.

184 mice produced a thrombus 48 h after inferior vena cava stenosis whereas 90% of wild-type mice did.

185 Specifically, superior vena cava syndrome may warrant radiation, chemotherapy,

186 Superior vena cava syndrome was more common in the non-cardiac su

187 ogy department with symptoms of the superior vena cava syndrome.

188 atlak slope was significantly higher for the vena cava than atrial IDIF (mL/g/min, ctl: 0.11+/-0.02 v

189 a principal discharge diagnosis of inferior vena cava thrombosis (International Classification of Di

190 Vena cava thrombosis can represent a surgical challenge

191 T in the treatment of patients with inferior vena cava thrombosis in the United States.

192 ombolysis (CDT) in the treatment of inferior vena cava thrombosis is unknown.

193 Among 2674 patients admitted with inferior vena cava thrombosis, 718 (26.9%) underwent CDT.

194 tions included filter-related acute inferior vena cava thrombosis, chronic inferior vena cava occlusi

195 r cardiopulmonary bypass because of extended vena cava thrombosis; in 2 patients, a simultaneous ster

196 The vena cava time-activity curve is therefore a minimally i

197 lation of a balloon catheter in the inferior vena cava to identify the lower limit of cerebral autore

198 eter positioned in the retrohepatic inferior vena cava to shunt hepatic venous effluent through an ac

199 Puncture through the inferior vena cava to the pulmonary venous atrium may be an effec

200 dex and collapsibility index of the inferior vena cava under a deep standardized inspiration using tr

201 ng recipient hepatectomy rendered the native vena cava unsalvageable.

202 fraction, mitral regurgitation, and inferior vena cava variability) and correlated abnormalities in s

203 and recruitment of platelets to the inferior vena cava wall after DVT induction were reduced in MC-de

204 poE-null mice in which a segment of inferior vena cava was grafted into the right carotid artery at 1

205 PVs plus empirical isolation of the superior vena cava was performed in all.

206 ic coarctation, and persistent left superior vena cava was significantly associated with women with T

207 In addition, the donor vena cava was too short to bridge the caval defect for i

208 iced, the catheter, access vein, and cranial vena cava were dissected, removed en bloc, and fixed in

209 l four pulmonary vein antra and the superior vena cava were isolated using an ICE-guided technique.

210 he left atrium, coronary sinus, and superior vena cava were targeted for ablation.

211 alignment defects, and interrupted inferior vena cava with azygos continuation.

212 ided gallbladder and an interrupted inferior vena cava with azygous continuation.

213 er, and the percent collapse of the inferior vena cava with inspiration (collapsibility index) by ult

214 s produced enhanced uptake of virions in the vena cava with selective transgene expression.

215 f chronic indwelling CVC in the low superior vena cava with thrombus in situ was established after fe

216 with a flattened right lobar portal vein and vena cava without any visible active bleeding.

217 ing (index of collapsibility of the superior vena cava>/=36%), inotropic support (left ventricular fr

218 nonsurgical crossing from a donor (superior vena cava) to a recipient (PA) vessel and endovascular s

219 vant index of collapsibility of the superior vena cava), or increased vasopressor support (right vent

220 chian ridge, crista terminalis, and superior vena cava); or arm 3, standard approach + ablation of le

221 ); ascending aorta, 191 (121, 261); superior vena cava, 137 (77, 197); ductus arteriosus, 187 (109, 2

222 68); ascending aorta, 41 (29, 53); superior vena cava, 29 (15, 43); ductus arteriosus, 41 (25, 57);

223 right phrenic nerve pacing from the superior vena cava, all patients underwent diaphragmatic electrom

224 platelet deposition in the ligated inferior vena cava, and diminished platelet activation in vitro.

225 right coronary artery (RCA) to the inferior vena cava, and from the RCA to the tricuspid valve annul

226 y of the abdomen, heart, chest, and inferior vena cava, and many variations in technique, protocols,

227 es, septal defects, persistent left superior vena cava, and patent ductus arteriosus, were present in

228 itonin perfusion into the portal or inferior vena cava, and was confirmed by histological evaluations

229 induced by flow restriction in the inferior vena cava, APP-KO mice, as well as chimeric mice with se

230 KG-Ibeta isoform expressed equally in TD and vena cava, both being approximately 2 times higher than

231 passage of peak activity was observed in the vena cava, but the area under the curve over 2 min was s

232 rombosis created by ligation of the inferior vena cava, HO-1 expression is markedly induced.

233 Following ligation of the inferior vena cava, HO-1(-/-) mice exhibited increased nuclear fa

234 ne of the following severe injuries: aortic, vena cava, iliac vessels, cardiac, grade IV/V liver inju

235 scle tissues, such as the aorta and inferior vena cava, in which Mypt1 E23 is predominately skipped.

236 geometry and flow rates through the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, left pulmonary artery, an

237 tes through the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, left pulmonary artery, and right pulmonary ar

238 triotomy to the inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, or tricuspid annulus or by ablating focally i

239 Cerebral cortex, tympanic membrane, inferior vena cava, rectal temperatures, electrocardiogram, arter

240 o the recipient abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava, respectively.

241 After catheterization of the inferior vena cava, right atrium, foramen ovale, and left atrium

242 hrough at the junction of the right superior vena cava, sulcus terminalis, and RA free wall, correspo

243 n from the lateral atriotomy to the inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, or tricuspid annulus or b

244 rom the right or left lung into the inferior vena cava, through drainage into the hepatic vein, right

245 All pulmonary veins, including the superior vena cava, were successfully isolated.

246 We hypothesize that inferior vena cava-inferior atrial ganglionated plexus nerve acti

247 Superior vena cava-related symptoms occur in only 50% of patients

248 Mouse inferior vena cava-to-carotid interposition isografts were comple

249 femoral vein through the adjoining inferior vena cava.

250 (n = 4) and C57BL/6 mice (n = 5), using the vena cava.

251 ha protein in TD compared with the aorta and vena cava.

252 bcostal four chamber, and subcostal inferior vena cava.

253 part of the right lung entering the superior vena cava.

254 eric arterioles, or ligation of the inferior vena cava.

255 , the left atrial appendage and the superior vena cava.

256 s in the right ventricular apex and superior vena cava.

257 partial ligation (stenosis) of the inferior vena cava.

258 luster between the right atrium and superior vena cava.

259 luding filter migration or thrombosis of the vena cava.

260 Robin sequence, and persistent left superior vena cava.

261 increased thrombus frequency in the inferior vena cava.

262 isolated and severed at the junction to the vena cava.

263 terminalis, RA free wall, and right superior vena cava.

264 d inside the coronary sinus via the superior vena cava.

265 ction, RV size, and dilation of the inferior vena cava.

266 pport for cannulation of the swine aorta and vena cava.

267 y artery=26, pulmonary vein=21, and superior vena cava=12).

268 ed at different levels: the junction between vena cavae and right atrium; the tricuspid annulus; or b

269 xons follow veins, specifically the superior vena cavae and sinus venosus, to reach these targets.

270 6 Mongrel hound dogs, superior and inferior vena cavae were isolated and individual lesions were cre

271 rincipally a line of block (LoB) between the vena cavae, are formed; if this LoB does not form, class

272 principal diagnosis of proximal or inferior vena caval deep vein thrombosis and treated with CDT fro

273 Inferior vena caval filters (IVCFs) may prevent recurrent pulmona

274 ing arterial pressure (AP) and intrathoracic vena caval pressure (VP).

275 d portal vein thrombosis, and 1 had inferior vena caval thrombosis.

276 ntraindications to anticoagulation, inferior-vena-caval filters can be considered, but their use need

277 by anastomosis of genicular artery with one vena comitans while leaving one efferent vein for draina

278 th noncentral dMR had a wider pre-procedural vena contracta (8.5 +/- 2.0 mm vs. 6.9 +/- 2.2 mm, p = 0

279 Echocardiographic measures of MR (vena contracta and jet area/left atrial area) and LV rem

280 convergence region (PFCR) and measuring the vena contracta area are highly feasible.

281 hods to directly measure the regurgitant jet vena contracta area are presented, along with recent cli

282 Patients in whom vena contracta area could be reduced >50% had a smaller

283 more reduced in patients in whom regurgitant vena contracta area was reduced by >50% compared with th

284 ately after NIMR creation and at euthanasia; vena contracta area, mitral annular dimension, left vent

285 derate mitral regurgitation and an increased vena contracta area.

286 pler 3D TEE was determined as the product of vena contracta areas defined by direct planimetry and ve

287 +/-0.3cm(2) versus 0.4+/-0.2cm(2); P<0.001), vena contracta width (1.1+/-0.5 cm versus 0.6+/-0.3 cm;

288 0 ms increase QLV; P=0.02) and a decrease in vena contracta width (P<0.001).

289 With moderate or greater TR (vena contracta width 5.80+/-2.62 mm), the TVA became dil

290 MR reduction at 6 months (absolute change in vena contracta width and odds of >/=1 grade reduction in

291 TR severity was determined by the averaged vena contracta width on apical and parasternal inflow vi

292 The median vena contracta width was 8.5 mm in the group with small

293 TR was assessed by vena contracta width.

294 ial infarction, with mild to moderate MR (MR vena contracta, 4.6+/-0.1 mm; MR regurgitation fraction,

295 , P=0.02) and moderate mitral regurgitation (vena contracta, 5.0+/-1.0 versus 0.8+/-1.0 mm, P<0.0002)

296 versus mild to moderate with ring alone (MR vena contracta, 5.9+/-1.1 mm in controls, 0.5+/-0.08 wit

297 n score index, MR regurgitation fraction and vena contracta, mitral annulus area, and posterior leafl

298 d significantly from moderate to trace-mild (vena contracta: 5+/-0.4 mm versus 2+/-0.7 mm, post-MR ve

299 nzenedicarboxylate (CAP), PRO 2000, SPL7013, Vena Gel, and UC781, along with their accompanying place

300 showed minimal toxicity for CAP, UC781, and Vena Gel.