ライフサイエンスコーパス: vergence

1 eye movements (e.g., saccades/smooth pursuit/vergence).

2 ith visible or nearer targets despite normal vergence.

3 -ocular signals that is independent of motor vergence.

4 nd the minimum-size prism to elicit fusional vergence.

5 urable stereopsis and an absence of fusional vergence.

6 ach combination of pupil diameter and object vergence.

7 ons may play a role in accommodation-related vergence.

8 nd subnormal, achieving only 56% of required vergence.

9 best focus, with no change for intermediate vergence (-1.25 D) and a mean gain of 2 lines for near v

10 -1.25 D) and a mean gain of 2 lines for near vergence (-3 D).

11 o establish norms and to screen for vertical vergence abnormalities.

12 e/accommodative therapy, without stimulating vergence, accommodation, or fine saccades (beyond levels

13 py program was designed to appear to be real vergence/accommodative therapy, without stimulating verg

14 tial for use in future clinical trials using vergence/accommodative therapy.

15 refraction, and assessment of heterophoria, vergence and accommodation.

16 tric and weak, achieving 18% of the required vergence and employing conjugate saccades to refixate th

17 ated frontal eye field region is involved in vergence and ocular accommodation, and in the sensorimot

18 se that a nearby region might play a role in vergence and ocular accommodation.

19 lationship decreased when a mismatch between vergence and proprioception was introduced, indicating t

20 ty-driven) convergence and use accommodative vergence and saccades to refixate near targets.

21 ts were placed at eye level and at different vergence and version angles within the peripersonal spac

22 single neurons of the medial PPC area V6A of vergence and version signals.

23 le differences in image sharpness at varying vergences and pupil sizes.

24 mponent of disconjugate saccades (i.e., fast vergence) and conjugate smooth pursuit.

25 gmus were also affected, but smooth pursuit, vergence, and the vestibuloocular reflex were usually sp

26 eriments with significant effects of radius, vergence, and velocity were excluded.

27 ing distance are strongly influenced by both vergence angle and the pattern of vertical disparities a

28 istance changes there must be changes in the vergence angle between the two eyes so that both foveas

29 chieved 87% to 96% of the required change in vergence angle by the end of the initial movement.

30 these neurons dynamically encoded changes in vergence angle during vergence tracking, fixation in 3D

31 ved size changes mainly as a function of the vergence angle of the eyes, underscoring its importance

32 are few studies addressing the influence of vergence angle upon single PPC neurons.

33 ndence on viewing distance and covaried with vergence angle, and could be enhanced by the presence of

34 se stereograms, we independently manipulated vergence angle, horizontal and vertical disparity gradie

35 w, signalling forwards motion, increases the vergence angle, whereas centripetal flow decreases the v

36 roximately 20-fold weaker than the effect of vergence angle.

37 ngle, whereas centripetal flow decreases the vergence angle.

38 pensatory eye movements depended strongly on vergence angle.

39 cate that frontal and parietal cortex govern vergence as a component of three-dimensional gaze.

40 ted, by analogy with horizontal and vertical vergence, as reflecting so-called phoria adaptation for

41 near point of convergence, positive fusional vergence at near, vergence facility, net change in the m

42 ormal monkeys, but had a minor effect on the vergence behavior of the strabismic animals.

43 Their vergence behavior resembles that in esotropic humans.

44 participation in the near response providing vergence but also reflects their differing functional ro

45 Monocular viewing (i.e., accommodative vergence) caused substantial reductions in both converge

46 Binocularity was assessed by disparity vergence (central and peripheral stimuli) and depth disc

47 ements as the superposition of conjugate and vergence commands.

48 onse amplitude for the step change in target vergence declined with age, and substantial differences

49 ssociated dry eye, decreased blink rate, and vergence dysfunction, and progressive supranuclear palsy

50 Finally, terminators drive vergence even when the aperture is defined by a texture

51 20 degrees of gaze, S1's NAFX variation with vergence exhibited hysteresis, higher during divergence

52 portant for the rapid involuntary control of vergence eye movements (eye movements that bring the ima

53 We find that both rapid saccades and slow vergence eye movements are continuously recalibrated ind

54 These vergence eye movements are still evident when the observ

55 ationship between phoria and the dynamics of vergence eye movements as described by the ratio of conv

56 We found that vergence eye movements can be evoked using microstimulat

57 e measured, in human subjects, the reflexive vergence eye movements elicited by the sudden presentati

58 Disparity vergence eye movements in response to identical step sti

59 jects at different distances, humans rely on vergence eye movements to appropriately converge or dive

60 duced motion parallax is sufficient to drive vergence eye movements under both monocular and binocula

61 n elicit appropriately directed (horizontal) vergence eye movements with ultra-short latencies (rough

62 timuli induce robust short-latency reflexive vergence eye movements, initially in the direction ortho

63 f monocular saccade amplitudes and binocular vergence eye movements.

64 eurons may play other roles, such as guiding vergence eye movements.

65 ., divergence neurons) their activity during vergence eye movements.

66 al signals that are suitable for controlling vergence eye movements.

67 by other factors (such as uncertainty about vergence eye position).

68 Vergence facility and the rate of phoria adaptation may

69 The rate of phoria adaptation and vergence facility were significantly greater (p < 0.03)

70 ergence, positive fusional vergence at near, vergence facility, net change in the magnitude of phoria

71 then calculate the IOL power with a modified vergence formula obtained before refractive surgery.

72 and calculated the IOL power with a modified vergence formula.

73 The discovery of vergence hysteresis may reflect pulley movement and migh

74 The aim is to re-interpret disorders of vergence in the light of recent studies that view disjun

75 In single cells, version and vergence influenced the discharge with variable time cou

76 cleus reticularis tegmenti pontis in saccade-vergence interaction.

77 Interpretation of disorders of vergence is aided by applying a scheme in which their co

78 We hypothesize that flow-induced vergence is but one of a family of rapid ocular reflexes

79 es were also recorded between these stimulus vergence levels for calibration purposes and to measure

80 Vergence may also enable gaze shifts in saccadic palsy.

81 h the RAF (Royal Air Force accommodation and vergence measurement) rule.

82 e (i.e., integrated control of conjugate and vergence motion).

83 saccades, are inhibited during the sustained vergence movement that follows the saccadic component of

84 h oddball stimuli required a different-sized vergence movement.

85 ler paradigm) stimulates a combined saccadic-vergence movement.

86 e, thus requiring asymmetrical post-saccadic vergence movement.

87 To determine whether anticipatory vergence movements depended on a memory of prior stimuli

88 Combined saccadic-vergence movements induced these oscillations twice as o

89 The speed of anticipatory vergence movements is affected by stimulus amplitude.

90 Anticipatory vergence movements occur commonly in response to predict

91 which target presentation was unpredictable, vergence movements preceded stimuli in only approximatel

92 d some anticipatory responses, consisting of vergence movements that preceded target jumps, accompani

93 es and head, the interaction of saccadic and vergence movements, and cognitive processes influencing

94 STS that is modulated almost exclusively by vergence movements.

95 ained alignment, whereas the other five made vergence movements.

96 We also measured vergence noise and bias using the Nonius line technique.

97 In contrast, vergence noise and bias were comparable in the two group

98 heoretical analysis of the accommodation and vergence oculomotor systems with a view to understanding

99 that the best visual acuity was reached at a vergence of 0.00D.

100 ded with the subject viewing the target at a vergence of 4 D, and dynamic step responses were measure

101 odation responses to a blur-only target with vergences of 0 to 4.5 D were measured with an optometer.

102 Few neurons were modulated by version or vergence only, while the majority of cells were affected

103 ed for 100-ms, which prevents involvement of vergence or monocular depth cues.

104 mine whether the ability to modify disparity vergence or phoria was correlated to PALs adaptation.

105 ients seeking to optimize vision at specific vergences or lighting conditions.

106 y the interactions among baseline phoria and vergence peak velocity ratio, adapted phoria and vergenc

107 ence peak velocity ratio, adapted phoria and vergence peak velocity ratio, baseline and adapted phori

108 pted phoria were significantly correlated to vergence peak velocity ratio.

109 divergence average peak velocity, termed the vergence peak velocity ratio.

110 he experimental design was to use a stimulus vergence range that lay within the amplitude of accommod

111 prism (using the Mallett Unit) and fusional vergence reserves (using a prism bar) were measured in 5

112 base in aligning prism (Exo FD) and fusional vergence reserves supports the notion that both measures

113 is study was to investigate whether fusional vergence reserves, measured routinely by both orthoptist

114 ies of the left-eye, right-eye, and combined vergence response evoked from symmetrical 2 degrees , 4

115 es (anticorrelation), both components of the vergence response reverse sign.

116 e both determined by psychophysical methods: vergence responses by dichoptic nonius alignment and sen

117 lysis indicated that both normal and adapted vergence responses contained two major components.

118 y approximately 2% of trials; for the group, vergence responses followed target presentation after a

119 lonus-myoclonus syndrome, comparing saccadic-vergence responses to the Muller paradigm with conjugate

120 - and persaccadic components of anticipatory vergence responses were greater when the near target was

121 information from motion parallax, transient vergence responses were observed.

122 , with central fusion stimuli, the disparity vergence responses were relative to the subjective angle

123 The microstrabismic subjects' disparity vergence responses with peripheral fusion stimuli were c

124 s of these movements are influenced by prior vergence responses, indicating that they depend on worki

125 Future oculomotor models of vergence should incorporate phoria within the design.

126 Alternatively, there have been reports that vergence signals from the eyes might also be important.

127 25 Hz while the modulation of horizontal and vergence slow phase velocity was greater at 0.5 Hz.

128 of movement type, and provide evidence for a vergence-specific area within dorsomedial STS.

129 nalysis (ICA) has been used to decompose the vergence step response into these underlying components.

130 Phoria and vergence step responses were recorded.

131 based component decomposition was applied to vergence step-response data sets in both normal and adap

132 Phoria was modified in two experiments: vergence steps located at different initial positions an

133 The change in phoria induced by the vergence steps or a sustained fixation task was independ

134 Although a disparity vergence stimulus produces a smooth exponential-like res

135 nship between the mVEP response and fusional vergence suggests that the mVEP response is an objective

136 Other recent experiments have shown that the vergence system is capable of rapidly modifying its dyna

137 ommodation, increased ratio of accommodative vergence to accommodation, and relative divergence insuf

138 sec were applied to explore speeds from slow vergence to saccades.

139 horizontal strabismus, possibly by altering vergence tone in extraocular muscle.

140 lly encoded changes in vergence angle during vergence tracking, fixation in 3D space and the slow bin

141 Data suggest that vergence training improves the symmetry between the left

142 SOP and suggest a possible role for vertical vergence training in reducing deviations and thus the am

143 This study also evaluated whether vergence training influenced convergence peak velocity a

144 Ultimately, vertical vergence training may provide an adjunct or alternative

145 After vergence training, the CI subjects' left-eye and right-e

146 Four of the CI subjects participated in vergence training.

147 us (OKN), vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), and vergence using video-oculography or Skalar search coils

148 l disparity that can be fused with disparity vergence (vertical-fusion amplitude or VFA), varies with

149 es a modulation of horizontal (conjugate and vergence), vertical, and torsional eye movements.

150 Vergence-vestibular interaction has been further delinea

151 Vertical fusional vergence was accompanied by a cycloversion, with the dow

152 ween motion VEP symmetry and normal fusional vergence was significant (P < 0.01).

153 ear ophthalmoplegia (INO) may have preserved vergence, which can be recruited to compensate for loss

154 Most natural eye movements combine vergence with saccades, pursuit and vestibular eye movem