ライフサイエンスコーパス: vertically

1 s less significantly, are better transmitted vertically.

2 an lead to rapid marsh loss as marshes build vertically.

3 Consecutive adolescents with presumed vertically acquired HIV attending 2 HIV care clinics in

4 Consecutive adolescents with vertically acquired HIV attending 2 HIV outpatient treat

5 Long-term survivors of vertically acquired HIV in Africa are at high risk of a

6 diac disease was seen among adolescents with vertically acquired HIV infection.

7 Long-term survivors of vertically acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) i

8 t a quarter of hospitalized adolescents with vertically-acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) i

9 etics of mobilization, both horizontally and vertically, across sediment depositional environments wa

10 from chaotic waves excited on the surface of vertically agitated water.

11 s study, dielectrophoresis (DEP) was used to vertically align carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within methacry

12 Here we report the growth of vertically aligned (~45 mum long) barium titanate nanowi

13 Using vertically aligned arrays of nanofibres, we demonstrate

14 ids are fabricated by using horizontally and vertically aligned assemblies of silica rods with a leng

15 (-1) is observed from the sensor composed of vertically aligned barium titanate nanowire arrays, thus

16 serve distinct behaviour for thin films with vertically aligned basal planes and natural bulk crystal

17 TAD is then infiltrated into the GBs to form vertically aligned bulk heterojunctions.

18 A biosensor based on an array of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (CNFs) grown by pla

19 nanoelectrode arrays (NEAs) fabricated with vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs).

20 Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers were grown using pl

21 Growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forests is high

22 n a decade since the thermal conductivity of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) arrays was re

23 In this report, the fabrication of vertically aligned carbon nanotube nanoelectrode array (

24 is prepared based on glutamate dehydrogenase/vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (GLDH, VACNTs).

25 A novel flexible glucose biosensor using vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT) and a conjug

26 otube electrodes (1) buckypaper (BP) and (2) vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (vaCNT) have been us

27 Here, it is demonstrated that vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) with unifor

28 ly 1 mm) Li-ion battery anodes consisting of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes coated with silicon

29 Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes were grown on a sili

30 may soon be addressed by adhesives based on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, which promise the r

31 te a general approach for the fabrication of vertically aligned CNS and metal carbide@CNS composites

32 The resulting vertically aligned CNS and metal carbide@CNS structures

33 empirical evidence that in regular arrays of vertically aligned CNs the overall enhancement factor is

34 Vertically aligned CNT arrays were drawn onto a quartz s

35 anisotropic conductivity of the hybrid GelMA-vertically aligned CNT hydrogels.

36 Skeletal muscle cells grown on vertically aligned CNTs in GelMA hydrogels yielded a hig

37 Vertically aligned cone shaped NiO nanorods synthesized

38 In this work, we report the fabrication of vertically aligned copper nanowires (v-CuNWs) using elec

39 ovel material, niobium nanowires, in form of vertically aligned electrodes for application in high pe

40 the small animals using pre-implanted, novel vertically aligned electromagnetically-sensitive polypyr

41 ctronic properties of partially hydrogenated vertically aligned few layers graphene (FLG) synthesized

42 The synthesis of vertically aligned functional graphitic carbon nanosheet

43 nced antibacterial activity of the film with vertically aligned GO stems from an increased density of

44 nced antibacterial activity of the film with vertically aligned GO.

45 The monolayer character of vertically aligned graphene is verified by Raman and X-r

46 We investigated how to control the growth of vertically aligned graphene on C-face SiC by varying the

47 e also prove that multiple carriers exist in vertically aligned graphene.

48 A 3D graphitic foam vertically aligned graphitic structure and a low density

49 This is demonstrated with vertically aligned hyperbolic nanotube (HNT) arrays comp

50 of a novel sensor stack design comprised of vertically aligned metal electrodes confining semi-condu

51 ating bands of horizontally (R3, R4, R7) and vertically aligned microvilli (R1, R2, R5, R6).

52 the carbon dioxide reduction performance of vertically aligned molybdenum disulphide.

53 Here we show that few-layered vertically aligned MoS2 (FLV-MoS2) films can be used to

54 e demonstrate the continuous tuning of layer vertically aligned MoS2 nanofilms through electrochemica

55 erface resistance between metal surfaces and vertically aligned multiwall carbon nanotube arrays by b

56 citance of approximately 2 aF, at the tip of vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes ( approx

57 Vertical interfaces in vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films have been ap

58 Vertically aligned nanocomposites (VAN) thin films prese

59 area polymer films, with stimuli responsive vertically aligned nanopores is reported.

60 The vertically aligned nanosheets exhibit remarkable lithium

61 tation and phase, the mean difference across vertically aligned neurons was less than one-fourth of a

62 e electrochemical sensor platform based on a vertically aligned nickel nanowire array (NiNAE) and Pt

63 Experimental results show that the vertically aligned ordered nickel nanowire array electro

64 In this study, we developed vertically aligned P(VDF-TrFE) core-shell structures usi

65 ows great promise in sensing applications is vertically aligned piezoelectric nanowire arrays that al

66 Vertically aligned radial-junction solar cell designs of

67 ge sensors is successfully overcome by using vertically aligned semiconducting nanorods as the 3D pho

68 Hematite (alpha-Fe(2)O(3)) was grown on vertically aligned Si nanowires (NWs) using atomic layer

69 Vertically aligned silicon nanowires etched from recycle

70 Patterned arrays of vertically aligned single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)

71 synthesis of highly uniform, dense arrays of vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT

72 2,000 m(2) g(-1) with ohmic contact from the vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes to the

73 er carbon nanostructures) synthesis of thick vertically aligned SWCNTs whose easily switchable thickn

74 ormal coated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on vertically aligned titanium oxide (TiO2) nanotubes three

75 ntigorite and the alignment must change from vertically aligned to parallel to the slab.

76 show particularly the fabrication of thick, vertically aligned tungsten oxide nanochannel layers, wi

77 denum disulfide foam with uniform mesopores, vertically aligned two-dimensional layers and cobalt ato

78 cal heating constantan wire covered with the vertically aligned ZnO nanotapers decorated with Ag-nano

79 This paper addresses the fabrication of vertically aligned ZnO@TiO2 multishell nanotubes by a co

80 Herein, we report that MoS2 films with vertically-aligned 2D layers exhibit excellent visible l

81 2D MoS2 films with vertically-aligned layers exhibit numerous 2D edge sites

82 or the fabrication of high density arrays of vertically alligned nanotubes on processable substrates.

83 ributions of species both geographically and vertically along with predator-prey dynamics.

84 The vertically and a horizontally polarized laser beam exiti

85 The nanopores are oriented vertically and attach to a gold surface, and thus allow

86 Ct-HpSpo0J interacts vertically and horizontally with its neighbors through t

87 ession of anaerobic metabolisms are observed vertically and horizontally within the plume, with eleva

88 uidic pathways within the paper matrix, both vertically and horizontally, reaching each of the four M

89 reservation allows some mangroves to accrete vertically and keep pace with sea-level rise by growing

90 pronounced increase in the tendency to stand vertically and moved with qualitatively different charac

91 such culture conditions, yeast colonies grow vertically and only at the locations where nutrients are

92 n of resolution (0.8 nm laterally and 1.5 nm vertically) and single-spin sensitivity.

93 rising faster than the wetland was building vertically) and was relying on elevation capital (i.e.,

94 ensively studied bilayer epitaxial (2-2) and vertically architectured nanocomposite (1-3) film system

95 cal mountains are usually characterized by a vertically-arranged sequence of ecological belts, which,

96 clude the fact that BVs are transmitted only vertically as proviruses and produce replication-defecti

97 core LPS biosynthesis enzymes were inherited vertically, as in the majority of bacterial phyla.

98 n layers, containing B, C, and N, as well as vertically assembled graphene/h-BN stacks are reviewed.

99 Red blood cells were stored vertically at 2-6 degrees C to enable sedimentation.

100 mblages were accreting sediment and building vertically at equivalent rates.

101 izontally oriented FAF signature composed of vertically averaged gray-scale values was generated thro

102 n which beneficial symbionts are transmitted vertically between host generations, originate as antago

103 host dependence and symbiont genome size in vertically, but not horizontally, transmitted symbionts.

104 ations have slopes of 1.4, and are separated vertically by 7.5 kcal mol(-1) (-CH2X above -CxHy).

105 pulations by descent with modification-genes vertically by Mendel's laws, language via combinations o

106 op resistance to many classes of antibiotics vertically, by engendering mutations in genes encoding t

107 ture is organized into fewer, undulating but vertically coherent, low-velocity plumelike features, wh

108 re Ca-CO2 contacts and partial transition to vertically confined CO2 molecules.

109 er traversing horizontal crevices to enter a vertically confined space, cockroaches crawled at veloci

110 s replication-centric, and is concerned with vertically consistent genetic lineages.

111 results suggest a unilaterally dominant and vertically converged organization of the optic lobe.

112 analog due to constructive interference in a vertically coupled three-resonator metamaterial system t

113 float, sink to the ocean floor, or oscillate vertically, depending on the size and density of the par

114 ffective at dispersing both horizontally and vertically despite its brooding reproductive mode and ma

115 Three monkeys (Macaca mulatta) fixated five vertically displaced targets along the midsagittal plane

116 ergaster) showing a distinct distribution of vertically disposed alternating depository and resorptiv

117 opose 2 propensity score-based approaches to vertically distributed data analysis and test their perf

118 sts a new multivariable analysis approach to vertically distributed health-care databases that is pra

119 approaches have been put forth to deal with vertically distributed health-care databases.

120 l infections in newborns, typically acquired vertically during childbirth secondary to maternal vagin

121 ease breach the placental barrier to transit vertically during human pregnancy.

122 Transmitting horizontally or vertically, effects range from cryptic to catastrophic;

123 th little or no responses to static flicker, vertically elongated bars, or panoramic gratings.

124 end points were anisotropic, distributed as vertically elongated bivariate Gaussians.

125 and display technologies require micro-scale vertically emitting lasers with controllable distinct la

126 lly controllable coherent coupling of remote vertically emitting lasers.

127 The unique vertically-erected TiO2 NSA/carbon cloth with hierarchic

128 An S1-T1 seam between the vertically excited Franck-Condon (FC) point and the S1 e

129 ormed in the tropical tropopause region: (i) vertically extensive cirrus with low ice number concentr

130 olatiles in the evening and presents flowers vertically face-up as opposed to horizontally in Z. micr

131 images and declined sharply with oblique and vertically filtered images.

132 ir, which could cause dehydration melting of vertically flowing mantle.

133 ochrophyte lineage rather than being derived vertically from a hypothetical plastid-bearing common an

134 ted that the mobile cox1 intron was acquired vertically from a nonparasitic ancestor, arguing against

135 0-100 nm long linked by C-C bonds are pulled vertically from an Au(111) substrate by the tip of a low

136 evidence indicates that ZIKV is transmitted vertically from mother to fetus.

137 move horizontally across surfaces, but also vertically, going up slopes or stairs.

138 position of parylene (poly(p-xylylene))-C on vertically grown MWCNTs in order to obtain arrayed multi

139 fabrication of Al doped ZnO (AZO) nanoflakes vertically grown on flexible polymer substrates with enh

140 cal failure and development of resistance in vertically HIV-infected children in resource-limited set

141 In a Kenyan cohort of vertically HIV-infected children, we measured PD-1+ CD4

142 CD4 T-cell levels and low progression rates (vertically HIV-infected patients and LTNPs, including HI

143 ssors, long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs), and vertically HIV-infected subjects were analyzed.

144 er column in the south arm with one that was vertically homogeneous and oxic.

145 ne, running obliquely in the OPL and HFL and vertically in the inner layers.

146 ator layer the band-edge mode can be trapped vertically in the nanopillars.

147 rovascular and neurometabolic couplings vary vertically in the rat's somatosensory cortex.

148 itivity of chemical connectivity is directed vertically in the sagittal plane, and electrical synapse

149 ction, but re-orientation of flowers to face vertically increased attraction when scent cues were pre

150 Of 136 cART-treated children, 12 were vertically infected (8.8%).

151 children when they become adults, such that vertically infected children who remain ART-naive beyond

152 on the size of the latent HIV-1 reservoir in vertically infected children.

153 repository of longitudinal specimens from 19 vertically infected infants.

154 itters and postnatal bronchial reactivity in vertically infected lungs, and assessed their dependence

155 roviral drugs, more than 250,000 infants are vertically infected with HIV-1 annually, emphasizing the

156 TE families, however, are vertically inherited as integral segments of the nuclear

157 We identified over 300 vertically inherited prophages within enterobacterial ge

158 gene (BDNF) provides examples of how such a vertically integrated translational approach can identif

159 hpT-CtrA phosphorelays in A. tumefaciens are vertically-integrated, as in C. crescentus.

160 c/photovoltaic (EC/PV) device is realized by vertically integrating two transparent PV cells with an

161 sing as the dyke lengthens, or magma flowing vertically into dykes from an underlying source, with th

162 types of neurons in the retina are organized vertically into layers and horizontally in a mosaic patt

163 G (CvNG) sites that consist of wells drilled vertically into permeable geologic formations.

164 Vertically migrating adult Calanus spp. crossed a pCO2 r

165 These vertically narrow (tens to hundreds of m) but horizontal

166 I - superficial horizontal cracks; Type II - vertically (occluso-gingival) oriented cracks; and Type

167 ately 50 degrees horizontally and 35 degrees vertically of the posterior pole.

168 ush architectures that are designed to align vertically on a substrate and allow for top-down single-

169 must adjust to rising sea level by building vertically or become submerged.

170 the direction a participant expected (either vertically or horizontally).

171 llular matrix (ECM), primarily consisting of vertically-orientated collagen fibres and cartilage-spec

172 morphology was typical among PV+ neurons and vertically oriented bipolar neurons and multipolar neuro

173 Vertically oriented bipolar neurons were the most common

174 alized with chitin in horizontal laminae and vertically oriented columnar structures in rigid cuticle

175 tation tuning, with a notable preference for vertically oriented features similar to those that evoke

176 ks; however, both techniques fail to resolve vertically oriented fibers.

177 Using this method, we create vertically oriented gaps in opaque metal films along the

178 films with large, single-crystal grains and vertically oriented GBs.

179 Most K-o cells prefer vertically oriented gratings; their contrast sensitivity

180 on in Prunus persica (peach) associated with vertically oriented growth of branches, referred to as '

181 gent (up to 5.7 +/- 0.5 nm) and (b) inducing vertically oriented hexagonal mesophases of micelle-sili

182 nspired system consists of ordered arrays of vertically oriented microdiffraction gratings.

183 e 2D planar graphene, offers an abundance of vertically oriented nano-graphitic-edges that exhibit fa

184 The device is composed of an array of vertically oriented nanoscale coaxial electrodes, with t

185 lary prominences, elevation of the initially vertically oriented palatal shelves to the horizontal po

186 lateral molecular force microscopy employing vertically oriented probes is utilized to explore the ev

187 rge-scale convection rolls to well-organized vertically oriented salt fingers.

188 ample in the horizontal direction across the vertically oriented sheet beam and combining the detecte

189 Growing the COF as a vertically oriented thin film allows for the constructio

190 ectrochemical biosensor device comprising of vertically oriented zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures was

191 ntally oriented while 98.7 +/- 0.3% could be vertically oriented.

192 sistor (FET) biosensor is demonstrated using vertically-oriented graphene (VG) sheets labeled with go

193 also observed density beyond the tail tip in vertically-oriented phages that had penetrated the cell

194 The device architecture is composed of vertically-oriented, nanoscale coaxial electrodes in arr

195 The BMO was predominantly vertically oval with a median area of 1.74 mm(2) (range,

196 ation of the p-dopant and the formation of a vertically phase-separated film microstructure.

197 3 Hz and used to excite Cy5-insulin, while a vertically polarized 488 nm laser pulsed at 137 Hz excit

198 A vertically polarized 635 nm laser was pulsed at 73 Hz an

199 VOPO4-graphene as the positive electrode and vertically porous 3D graphene as the negative electrode;

200 used to prepare a three-dimensional (3D) and vertically porous nanocomposite of layered vanadium phos

201 posite electrode exhibits high surface area, vertically porous structure to the separator, structural

202 docapacitive behavior mainly originates from vertically porous structures from directionally grown ic

203 supercapacitor (ASC) is fabricated by using vertically porous VOPO4-graphene as the positive electro

204 Ealpha16/NOD females vertically protected their NOD offspring from diabetes a

205 g and immunofluorescence, the motoneurons of vertically pulling eye muscles in monkey were investigat

206 rarily but preferably either horizontally or vertically relative to the microscope's image plane, ena

207 We present the first vertically resolved measurements of ClNO(2), together wi

208 olved measurements of ClNO(2), together with vertically resolved measurements of HONO.

209 Water samples were taken from two vertically resolved sampling ports at 4.2 m distance.

210 ch to the Community Land Model (CLM4.5) with vertically-resolved biogeochemistry.

211 multiple trophic levels of zooplankton in a vertically restricted zone.

212 thermal anomalies that spread laterally and vertically, resulting in the long-term accumulation of h

213 hydrothermal exfoliation of MoS2 nanosheets vertically rooted into rigid one-dimensional TiO2 nanofi

214 eparate patients within each data source) or vertically (separate measures within each data source) i

215 We observed two vertically separated layers of actin networks with disti

216 Despite being vertically separated, indicator taxa deposited under OMZ

217 ruct gas infall, compress the accretion disk vertically, slow down the disk rotation by carrying away

218 local strain at a carbon-MoS2 interface in a vertically stacked 2D material directs the pathway for c

219 Laterally spaced graphene electrodes with vertically stacked 2D van der Waals heterostructures are

220 ogrammable p-n junctions fabricated from the vertically stacked all-2D semiconductor/insulator/metal

221 th strategy for the creation of high-quality vertically stacked as well as in-plane interconnected he

222 Vertically stacked bilayers with WS2 epitaxially grown o

223 brication and characterization of OECTs with vertically stacked contacts, which overcome these limita

224 We show that vertically stacked graphene-MoS(2)-graphene and graphene

225 The as-grown vertically stacked graphene/h-BN structures are demonstr

226 harge transfer crystals into arbitrarily and vertically stacked heterostructures, consisting of bis(e

227 om a gold surface by graphene nanoribbons in vertically stacked heterostructures.

228 its and for dense data storage-fabricated on vertically stacked layers in a single chip.

229 current density and a logic function in such vertically stacked multi-heterostructures can open up po

230 Tuning the interlayer coupling in vertically stacked nanopatterned magnetic heterostructur

231 0 was equipped with laterally positioned and vertically stacked stereo RGB cameras.

232 ice yield and the multi-level fabrication of vertically stacked transistor devices for three-dimensio

233 by exploiting the type-II band alignment of vertically stacked WS2 /MoS2 semiconducting heterobilaye

234 lly thin two-dimensional building blocks are vertically stacked, and held together by van der Waals i

235 orted architecture where the domains are not vertically stacked, kringle-1 comes within 9 A of the pr

236 When vertically stacked, Re-chains orient themselves along th

237 tform that allows visualization of the IS in vertically "stacked" cells.

238 vdW heterostructures composed of few layer, vertically-stacked MoS2 and WS2.

239 der Waal (vdW) heterostructures composed of vertically-stacked multiple transition metal dichalcogen

240 onic synapses (e-synapses), are connected by vertically stacking crossbar electrodes.

241 ter with a larger-than-unity voltage gain by vertically stacking graphene, Bi(2)Sr(2)Co(2)O(8) (p-cha

242 This device consists of vertically staked electrodes that act as gate, emitter a

243 homogenized mix of upper and lower depths or vertically stratified combinations mimicking natural fie

244 igned electrochemical cell where the wire is vertically submersed into the KOH electrolyte.

245 y not predict cells about to die, because of vertically superimposed cells and cellular fragments.

246 AF intensity frequently were associated with vertically superimposed cells.

247 umber are two orders of magnitude larger for vertically swimming cells compared to horizontally swimm

248 eat attention has been paid to low, high and vertically thick tropospheric clouds such as stratus, ci

249 oximately 70%) with respect to ice; and (ii) vertically thin cirrus layers with much higher ice conce

250 l rise, coastal wetlands build soil surfaces vertically through accumulation of inorganic sediment an

251 on sites by non-allelic gene conversion, and vertically through the population by natural selection.

252 Ecologically, they influence energy transfer vertically through trophic levels and sometimes trophic

253 Accommodative IOLs tend to be slightly more vertically tilted than the crystalline lens, with increa

254 Layered materials can be assembled vertically to fabricate a new class of van der Waals het

255 Two plastic products were installed vertically to investigate substance transfer due to evap

256 rs but also passes this resistance mechanism vertically to its progeny.

257 articles, not only allow high water flux via vertically tortuous nanochannels (achieving water flux o

258 , the cyclic nucleotide-binding domains move vertically towards the membrane, and directly contact th

259 Most (47 out of 57 core genes) were vertically transferred as inferred from tree tests and g

260 enhanced in female placental mammals through vertically transferred maternal cells that promote conse

261 We observe in multiple facilities that vertically transmissible bacteria in IgA-low mice domina

262 tain nonpathogenic SIV infections and rarely vertically transmit SIV to their infants.

263 These forms are then vertically transmitted and can be considered as genetic

264 Polydnaviruses are vertically transmitted as proviruses through the germ li

265 The vertically transmitted endosymbionts (Sodalis glossinidi

266 Wolbachia are common vertically transmitted endosymbiotic bacteria found in <

267 pp.) house three symbiotic bacteria that are vertically transmitted from mother to offspring during t

268 ons, and determined that these sequences are vertically transmitted from mother to offspring.

269 iscuss herein the recent hypothesis that RSV vertically transmitted from the mother to the fetus in u

270 m the Pulmonary and Cardiac Complications of Vertically Transmitted HIV Infection (P(2)C(2) HIV) stud

271 gion spanning 4,000 km, support a long-term, vertically transmitted infection of KIGV in Chaoborus tr

272 Wolbachia pipientis, a widespread vertically transmitted intracellular bacterium, provides

273 ative plasmids, a class of extra-chromosomal vertically transmitted molecular symbionts of bacteria.

274 Vertically transmitted Neotyphodium endophytes of grasse

275 um Wolbachia is probably the most prevalent, vertically transmitted symbiont on Earth.

276 plants, grown from seeds with and without a vertically transmitted symbiont, into a wild host popula

277 s being greatest when nutrient-provisioning, vertically transmitted symbionts are removed.

278 Vertically transmitted symbionts that protect their host

279 play an important role even in predominantly vertically transmitted symbioses by stabilizing the coop

280 alent and constant interaction with multiple vertically transmitted TE families may instead be the ma

281 the fruit fly acutely or persistently or are vertically transmitted through the germ line, we investi

282 causes serious congenital complications when vertically transmitted to the fetus.

283 from mother to offspring and persistence of vertically transmitted virus in lungs after birth.

284 consistent with past findings concerning two vertically transmitted viruses and one bacterium.

285 Genital mycoplasmas, which can be vertically transmitted, have been implicated in preterm

286 e (RNAi) response, and is neither lethal nor vertically transmitted.

287 Wolbachia are mainly vertically transmitted; however, there is also evidence

288 ous planting material between farms can, for vertically-transmitted plant diseases, act as a signific

289 Wax ester provisioning decreased after vertically transmitting species evolved brooding from br

290 mechanism by which floating plastics can be vertically transported away from surface waters.

291 t kind involves the radiative damping of the vertically uniform temperature perturbation of the tropo

292 n the proximal follicle, sending melanocytes vertically up into the epithelial cylinder, which gradua

293 apparatus by orienting the rod-shaped cells vertically using microfabricated wells.

294 action of MPAN that forms MAE resulting in a vertically varying isoprene SOA source.

295 st genetic diversity and ability to transmit vertically, virtually nothing is known about the life hi

296 Vertically well-aligned and thin InAs nanowires with hig

297 ns bisecting the fovea both horizontally and vertically were fitted with a mathematical model of the

298 and other animals move both horizontally and vertically within it.

299 Mendelian inheritance transfers genes vertically within lineages, whereas horizontal gene tran

300 majority of genetic information transmitted vertically within lineages.