ライフサイエンスコーパス: volt

1 (with a barrier to tunneling of 1.4 electron volts).

2 nergy than rutile (2.32 versus 3.00 electron volts).

3 with a very low charge potential (about 3.2 volts).

4 apparent activation energy of 0.16 electron volt.

5 ation with a normalized magnitude of ~7% per volt.

6 on monoxide (CO) at overpotentials below 0.2 volt.

7 pronounced at approximately 1 kilo-electron volt.

8 er the narrow range of a few hundredths of a volt.

9 ficiency of 1% for n-type TiO2 biased at 0.6 volt.

10 t unoccupied orbitals of 0.4 to 0.9 electron volt.

11 inuously and actively tuned by more than 0.6 volt.

12 y at ~0.3 hertz, with a peak voltage of ~1.0 volt.

13 ly narrow absorber band gap of 1.55 electron volts.

14 and voltages, from several volts to tens of volts.

15 minimum (i.e., equilibrium) voltage of 1.33 volts.

16 c rays to energies close to ~10(15) electron volts.

17 10(8) electron volts and 3 x10(11) electron volts.

18 rved at energies from 0.2 to 6 kilo-electron volts.

19 tical gap edge of approximately 2.2 electron volts.

20 nection-driven flows are just a few electron volts.

21 ry high energies of several million electron volts.

22 within ~10 seconds by the application of ~10 volts.

23 h a band width of approximately 0.5 electron volts.

24 ) and an optical energy gap of 0.34 electron volts.

25 dulators operate with halfwave voltages of 5 volts.

26 rption energies between 0.2 and 3.5 electron volts.

27 Mean stimulation voltage was 3.0+/-0.1 volts.

28 ctrum, up to photon energies of 280 electron volts.

29 ve this at a low power-supply voltage of 0.1 volts.

30 arcs, and a gap as large as 80 millielectron volts.

31 f Ag, Cu, and Au electrodes to 3.65 electron volts.

32 ging from gigaelectron volts to teraelectron volts.

33 ctron intensity down to ~10 x 10(6) electron volts.

34 ivation energies of 100 to 150 millielectron volts.

35 electrochemical voltage over a range of 2.5 volts.

36 via synchrotron radiation from peta-electron-volt (10(15) electron volts) electrons in a region small

37 ctron microscope, we detected a 5.7-electron volt (2175 angstrom) feature in interstellar grains embe

38 ately 2.5 x 10(8) T. vaginalis cells and 350 volts, 960 microFd for electroporation; however, other c

39 tron-hole excitations below 75 millielectron-volts, a manifestation of a partially coherent state for

40 ll-defined discharge voltage plateaus near 2 volts, a specific capacity of about 70 mA h g(-1) and a

41 gy distribution maximizing at 2 megaelectron volts, a transverse emittance as low as 1 millimeter-mil

42 overlayer state that is 2.3 +/- 0.2 electron volts above the Fermi level.

43 an unoccupied electronic state 2.4 electron volts above the Fermi level.

44 ally spin-independent already a few electron-Volts above the vacuum level.

45 The updated Volt'Air model allowed a better description of the volat

46 We used the Volt'Air model: we first extended the van Genuchten curv

47 lization following application on bare soil (Volt'Air) and the local-scale dispersion and deposition

48 e ultraviolet to more than 1.6 kilo-electron volts, allowing, in principle, the generation of pulses

49 Electrochemical volt- ammetry recording revealed the restoration of DA r

50 ic and perfused segments on low-kiloelectron volt and iodine material density images.

51 d at -2 volts, and read at approximately 0.1 volt and may be recycled many times under ambient condit

52 rgy are highly scalable and could be below 1 volt and single femtojoules per bit, respectively.

53 scope at energies between 2 x 10(8) electron volts and 3 x10(11) electron volts.

54 s at a supra-electroporation threshold of 80 volts and 300 microseconds were applied across the strat

55 of pulsed emission between 100 mega-electron volts and 400 GeV is described by a broken power law tha

56 de of approximately 10 to 100 milli-electron volts and a nanotube radius (r) dependence of approximat

57 B1g symmetry and energy of 75 millielectron-volts and a pseudogap for electron-hole excitations belo

58 ith a temperature of 1.0 to 1.5 kiloelectron volts and an optical depth around 10.

59 ticles to energies exceeding 10(12) electron volts and are bright sources of very-high-energy (VHE) g

60 tor with a discrete band gap of 1.9 electron volts and can be chemically oxidized to enhance conducti

61 at include peak potential differences of 600 volts and currents of 1 ampere.

62 c cells with an open-circuit voltage of 1.23 volts and efficiency of 10.77%.

63 ls that reached open-circuit voltages of 1.2 volts and power conversion efficiency of over 17% on sma

64 enerate streaming potentials on the order of volts and that this is sufficient to carry out reactions

65 ar the OFF state) at low supply voltages (<1 volt) and ultralow power (<1 nanowatt).

66 ductivity (activation energy, 0.054 electron volts) and an optical energy gap of 0.34 electron volts.

67 e voltage plateaus (1.1-0.2 volts or 1.8-0.8 volts) and insufficient cycle life (less than 100 cycles

68 ow energy gaps (between 0.2 and 2.0 electron volts) and low densities, and they may be useful in opto

69 irtual monoenergetic energy (in kiloelectron volts) and phantom size by using a paired t test.

70 emitter of hard x-rays (2 to 10 kiloelectron volts), and the emission forms a narrow continuous ridge

71 iency (93.2%) with a voltage gap of only 0.2 volt, and impressive rechargeability.

72 e switch is opened at +2 volts, closed at -2 volts, and read at approximately 0.1 volt and may be rec

73 trons with energies less than 1 kiloelectron volt are substantially energized in Mercury's magnetosph

74 an oscillators, whereas the pineal gland and VOLT are weak oscillators that require input from the SC

75 100 kilocalories per mole (about 4 electron volts) are reported for polyatomic molecules, including

76 gy separation of approximately 0.25 electron volts, are capped by an epitaxial zinc selenide (ZnSe) s

77 igh zero-field splitting of 58 millielectron volts as well as slow relaxation of the Co atom's magnet

78 sts (700 hours at a fuel cell voltage of 0.4 volts) as well as excellent four-electron selectivity (h

79 f gamma-ray emissions above 200 megaelectron volts at a significance level of 17sigma from the globul

80 he plasma frequency of 32.5 +/- 2.1 electron volts at a temperature of 5.5 kelvin, with a correspondi

81 cking or folding geometry that generates 110 volts at open circuit or 27 milliwatts per square metre

82 EO modulators with halfwave voltages of 0.8 volts (at a telecommunications wavelength of 1318 nanome

83 at 320, 400, 490, 560, 600, and 670 electron volts, attributable to electron capture and radiative de

84 e develop an infrared-absorbing 1.2-electron volt band-gap perovskite, FA0.75Cs0.25Sn0.5Pb0.5I3, that

85 ielectron volts to less than 1 millielectron volt because of gain narrowing and eventually laser acti

86 rgy splitting of more than 10 milli-electron volts between the K and K' valley exciton transitions.

87 ifference of approximately 60 milli-electron volts between zero-point energies of incident protons an

88 article physics is several trillion electron volts, but colliders capable of reaching this regime (su

89 energy band from 0.065 to 0.245 kiloelectron volts by the Deep Survey telescope aboard the Extreme Ul

90 ve voltage-interaction length product of 2.2 volt-centimeters.

91 measurements of energetic (>40 kiloelectron volts) charged particles on Voyager 1 from the interface

92 At an applied potential of 0.3 volt, chemically modified n-type TiO2 performs water spl

93 The switch is opened at +2 volts, closed at -2 volts, and read at approximately 0.1

94 4.1 milliamps per square centimeter at -0.22 volts, compared with -85 millivolts and 1.1 milliamps pe

95 ) from 0.5 to approximately 3.5 megaelectron volts, consistent with a weak termination shock having a

96 ction at a collision energy of 1.97 electron volts contradict this behavior.

97 veal a confinement gap of up to 0.5 electron volt, demonstrating the possibility of molecular-scale e

98 open-circuit photovoltages of more than 1.1 volts, despite the relatively narrow absorber band gap o

99 arp peaks (widths of 12 to 25 milli-electron volts) devoid of the characteristic background absorptio

100 ) as a function of maximum work (in electron volts) done by electron (laser photon) E(alpha) - E(beta

101 s of energetic radiation (>> 10 kiloelectron volts) during the dart leader phase of rocket-triggered

102 devices made of this material can detect sub-volt electric potentials in salt water.

103 , bidirectional, energetic (>15 kiloelectron volts) electron beams were discovered by the Galileo ene

104 on interactions rather than low-energy (<0.1 volts) electron-boson interactions are responsible for s

105 intensities of approximately 10-megaelectron volt electrons, ACRs, and galactic cosmic rays have stea

106 ion from peta-electron-volt (10(15) electron volts) electrons in a region smaller than 1.4 x 10(-2) p

107 resolved the 67.87- and 78.32-kilo-electron volt emission lines from decay of (44)Ti produced in the

108 ated leptons, but the measured tera-electron volt emission profile constrains the diffusion of partic

109 near optical spectroscopy with nano-electron volt energy resolution and low-temperature near-field mi

110 by ions in the several tens of kiloelectron volts energy range.

111 (-1)) at pH 7 with an overpotential of -0.55 volts, equivalent to a 26-fold improvement in activity c

112 ed attraction of approximately 0.12 electron volt (eV).

113 kite cell optical band gap of ~1.75 electron volts (eV) can be achieved by varying halide composition

114 verage temperature dependence (0.96 electron volts (eV)), which corresponds to a 57-fold increase bet

115 analyte surface activity in the gentler zero volt experiment than in the other methods due to the sig

116 photon energy greater than 100 mega-electron volts) flares from this source detected by the Large Are

117 ity of greater than 5 x 10(4) picometres per volt for second harmonic generation at a wavelength of a

118 through electrochemical poling of a SOC at 2 volts for a few seconds.

119 1.1 milliamps per square centimeter at -0.20 volts for a platinum-carbon electrode.

120 energies of approximately 400 millielectron volts for semiconducting single-walled nanotubes with 0.

121 deling yields an energy of 4.3 millielectron volts for the lowest quantized phonon subband and a tube

122 VPT scores (mean +/- SEM volts) for OA subjects and controls were as follows: fir

123 VPT scores (mean+/-SEM volts) for OA subjects and normal subjects were as follo

124 mma-ray emission (0.1 to 10 billion electron volts) from the recently detected optical nova of the sy

125 bservatory (HAWC), of extended tera-electron volt gamma-ray emission coincident with the locations of

126 gnetic order through application of a +/-0.5-volt gate voltage, a value compatible with present micro

127 c actuators, low operating voltages of a few volts generate large actuator strains.

128 b pulsar at energies above 100 giga-electron volts (GeV) with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Te

129 and vascular organ of the lamina terminalis (VOLT) harvested from SCNX rats but had little effect on

130 l generation mix at night; (2) the Chevrolet Volt has higher expected life cycle emissions than the T

131 distinct nonthermal (0.2 to 6 kilo-electron volts) heliosheath proton populations with spectral sign

132 al energy barriers that are several electron-volts high and several nanometers wide.

133 arged ions are observed, but at or near zero volts, highly charged ions are observed for peptides and

134 "lattice") Debye energy of 1.1 millielectron volts, implying a small intertube coupling in bundles.

135 nt of 2.75 amps per square centimetre at 1.3 volts in 50% water/nitrogen gas).

136 on and potential cycling between 0.6 and 1.1 volts in over 30,000 cycles.

137 , it is found that changes of milli-electron volts in the energy range of up to 50 electron volts rev

138 giant electrocaloric effect (0.48 kelvin per volt) in 350-nanometer PbZr(0.95)Ti(0.05)O3 films near t

139 1.62 per angstrom (the barrier, 2.6 electron volts) in a frozen 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran glass.

140 oad resonance centered at +20 milli-electron volts) in spectroscopic measurements, indicating that it

141 The transistors operate in air with a few volts input.

142 onds and deposited many tens of megaelectron volts into the detector.

143 etic and ferromagnetic order with only a few volts, just above room temperature.

144 first observed at an applied voltage of 1.5 volts, just slightly above the minimum (i.e., equilibriu

145 with energies greater than 30 kilo-electron volts (keV) shortly after its insertion into orbit about

146 ing intensities of ions from 40 kiloelectron volts (keV) to >/=50 megaelectron volts per nucleon and

147 f electron volts to hundreds of kiloelectron volts (keV).

148 nodes, together with good cyclability of a 4-volt lithium cobalt oxide cathode and operation as low a

149 hase ionization energy (onset, 3.51 electron volts) lower than that of the cesium atom (which has the

150 e in bulk electroporation, where hundreds of volts may be applied between electrodes, a rather small

151 ne is composed predominantly of megaelectron volt (MeV) electrons that wax and wane in intensity on t

152 The optical and >100-megaelectron volt (MeV) gamma-ray flux show a close correlation durin

153 typically extend up to 10 to 20 megaelectron volts (MeV); a simple bremsstrahlung model suggests that

154 ng millivolts, as compared with the thousand volts needed to achieve giant-stroke electrostatic actua

155 al emissions, and (conceivably) megaelectron-volt neutrino emissions.

156 ors: size, the production of 14-megaelectron volt neutrons, and maintenance.

157 te fish, humans, and horses with hundreds of volts of electricity.

158 n the charges, we measure ~200 millielectron volts of electrostatic energy arising from electron-hole

159 don exposure averaging 130,000 mega-electron volts of potential alpha energy per liter of air, per wo

160 resistance (TER) was measured (by epithelial volt ohmmeter), and cytotoxicity was determined by trypa

161 TEER was measured in 3D models using a volt/ohmmeter and cellZscope.

162 ydronium ions were soft-landed at 1 electron volt on cold films of 3-methylpentane ("oil") on a metal

163 oscopy near the carbon K-edge ( 284 electron volts) on a tabletop apparatus to directly reveal the va

164 inal tandem efficiencies of 17.0% with >1.65-volt open-circuit voltage.

165 without discharge voltage plateaus (1.1-0.2 volts or 1.8-0.8 volts) and insufficient cycle life (les

166 ayer, with a temperature of 100 kiloelectron volts or higher and an optical depth around unity.

167 be driven by electric signals of only a few volts or optical signals with power of only a few milliw

168 extend up to an energy of about 0.3 electron volt, or 40kTc (where k is the Boltzmann constant).

169 rformance and a suggested mechanism for zero volt paper spray using chromatography paper are presente

170 ic system of silica to strong (more than one volt per angstrom) few-cycle optical (about 750 nanometr

171 the Fermi level of 15.5 states per electron volt per mole.

172 lly low counting rates of >0.5 mega-electron volt per nuclear particle.

173 bility as high as 1.3 square centimetres per volt per second and a high on/off current ratio exceedin

174 ility of more than 0.3 square centimeter per volt per second and current modulation of 10(5), with th

175 ained as high as 1.12 square centimetres per volt per second at 100 per cent strain along the directi

176 re up to 1200 and 320 square centimeters per volt per second at low temperatures for hole and electro

177 ease from 2.7 and 1.7 square centimeters per volt per second at room temperature up to 1200 and 320 s

178 ities as high as 4050 square centimeters per volt per second at room temperature.

179 ility values of >1000 square centimeters per volt per second in field-effect transistors with microwa

180 rformance (more than 1 square centimetre per volt per second) even after a hundred cycles at 100 per

181 ities exceeding 10(4) square centimeters per volt per second.

182 a peak electric field strength exceeding 2.5 volts per angstrom) in turn indicates the viability of p

183 recipitation of energetic (>300 kiloelectron volts per atomic mass unit) sulfur and oxygen ions out o

184 and a field gradient of up to 2 gigaelectron volts per centimeter).

185 Several hundred million volts per centimetre of electric-field strength are requ

186 rally directed electric field of order 10(9) volts per meter, seen in proximity to the capsule surfac

187 mic characteristics down to approximately 20 volts per meter.

188 ter was observed at applied fields of 3 to 5 volts per micrometer.

189 large electric field in the order of several volts per nanometre is required to effectively tune its

190 peaks from 10 x 10(6) to 40 x 10(6) electron volts per nucleon and an increasing galactic cosmic-ray

191 loelectron volts (keV) to >/=50 megaelectron volts per nucleon and of electrons from >26 keV to >/=35

192 t energetic (> approximately 10 kiloelectron volts per nucleon) ion at closest approach.

193 gy helium ions (approximately62 megaelectron volts per nucleon) that peaked at approximately1.5RJ ins

194 ei, with energies ~195 to ~500 mega-electron volts per nucleon, of which we identify 15 (60)Fe nuclei

195 ctic cosmic rays down to ~3 x 10(6) electron volts per nucleon, revealing H and He energy spectra wit

196 voltabsorptometry, up to a scan rate of few volts per second with a satisfactory single-scan signal-

197 techniques capable of exceeding gigaelectron-volt-per-metre (GeV m(-1)) gradients in order to enable

198 rgetic neutral atoms (ENAs) >6 kilo-electron volts produced by energetic protons occupying the region

199 on comprises accelerated ions (<800 electron volts), produced upstream of Rosetta, and lower energy l

200 teepening above approximately 10(9) electron volts provides a probe with which to study how particle

201 The signal intensity of zero volt PS is also lower than in the other methods.

202 While the range of analytes to which zero volt PS is applicable is very similar to kV PS and nESI,

203 eposition overpotential being in excess of 1 volt, Pt deposition was quenched at potentials just nega

204 excitation photon energy over a ~1-electron volt range, and dependent on the excitation polarization

205 tion, low cell discharge voltage (about 0.55 volts; ref.

206 nanometers, femtoseconds, and millielectron volts, respectively.

207 lts in the energy range of up to 50 electron volts reveal the compression and expansion of layers on

208 lses to positive potentials and back to zero volts revealed that electrons are injected from the Ti t

209 ly alter the line shape on the millielectron volt scale that is now observable through improved resol

210 lities of 0.05 to 0.1 square centimeters per volt second and ON-OFF current ratios of >10(6).

211 gh mobilities of 0.02 square centimeters per volt second and on-off current switching ratios of 10(5)

212 ect mobilities up to 1 square centimeter per volt second.

213 ect mobilities of 0.6 square centimeters per volt-second and current modulation greater than 10(4).

214 hibit mobilities >100 square centimeters per volt-second and on-off ratios of 100,000.

215 approximately 10,000 square centimeters per volt-second can be induced by applying gate voltage.

216 e mobility (9000 to 10,000 centimeter(2) per volt-second) that is substantially higher than in the bu

217 ies (greater than 10(6) square centimers per volt-second).

218 lities of 0.9 and 0.2 square centimeters per volt-second, respectively; with current modulations of a

219 h mobilities exceeding 2.5 square meters per volt-second.

220 on mobilities of 21.7 square centimeters per volt-second.

221 ilities exceeding 300 square centimeters per volt-second.

222 LC-MS, Raman spectroscopy, and mega-electron volt-secondary ionization mass spectrometry.

223 lar modulation of high-energy (tera-electron volts, TeV) cosmic rays and diffusive propagation from s

224 ges (less than approximately 5 millielectron volts), the transfer rate between sites was independent

225 the desorption yield peaks at 0.26 electron volt: the energy of the Si-H vibrational stretch mode.

226 ith a temperature of 0.2 to 0.5 kiloelectron volts, there is a warm layer with a temperature of 1.0 t

227 icles were observed up to 200 kilo--electron volts; these particles are capable of penetrating down t

228 distribution width of less than 0.5 electron volts, this source of monochromatic electrons may find a

229 (ENAs) at energies between tens of electron volts to hundreds of kiloelectron volts (keV).

230 s arising from the application of only a few volts to its nanoscale building blocks-the plasmonic met

231 width of the emission from 120 millielectron volts to less than 1 millielectron volt because of gain

232 range of currents and voltages, from several volts to tens of volts.

233 ission at energies ranging from gigaelectron volts to teraelectron volts.

234 A full lithium-ion battery of 2.3 volts using such an aqueous electrolyte was demonstrated

235 0.5 NaOH/0.5 KOH, ammonia is produced at 1.2 volts (V) under 2 milliamperes per centimeter squared (m

236 ectron-hole separation yield of 0.90 at 1.23 volts (V) versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)

237 Potentials as low as 1.8 volts (V) versus the saturated calomel electrode were ap

238 C activity with a low onset potential (~1.07 volts versus reversible hydrogen electrode), high photoc

239 mperes per square centimeter for ORR (at 0.9 volts versus reversible hydrogen electrode), yielding a

240 4.3 ampere per milligram of platinum at 0.9 volts versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), re

241 e of 1.2 M of water, at a potential of -1.13 volt (versus the ferrocenium/ferrocene couple).

242 ter-scale topography, voltages of 0.0 to 0.3 volts (versus a counter electrode in a two-electrode cel

243 r neutron emission near 2.5 million electron volts was also observed, as would be expected for deuter

244 citation (at a photon energy of 1.5 electron volts) was used to introduce a spatially periodic densit

245 he carbon-atom framework, above 3.5 electron volts we found atomlike orbitals bound to the core of th

246 ll applied voltages (up to approximately 0.3 volt), weak interaction between transporting electrons a

247 ith electrons with an energy of 300 electron volts were analyzed by scanning tunneling microscopy.

248 on changes on application of a fraction of a volt when the structure is placed in a fraction-of-tesla

249 gies reach hundreds of thousands of electron volts, whereas the typical electron energies associated

250 tending to high energies (>10 kilo--electron volts), which is ascribed to an accretion disk corona of

251 arrow electrochemical stability window (1.23 volts), which sets an intrinsic limit on the practical v

252 ined at operating voltage ranges as low as 5 volts, which are much smaller than previously reported r

253 itting with an accuracy of 300 kilo-electron volts, which is greater than 0 by 5 standard deviations.

254 ition state is 1.099 ± 0.010 electron volts, which is lower by 12.1 ± 0.3 kilocalories

255 er micrometer at a low supply voltage of 0.5 volts with a subthreshold swing of 85 millivolts per dec

256 2 can be driven by a gate voltage of several volts with appropriate choice of dielectric.

257 lectrolyte whose window was expanded to ~3.0 volts with the formation of an electrode-electrolyte int

258 ional spin resonance (here ~10 nano-electron volts) with scanning tunneling microscopy to measure ele