ライフサイエンスコーパス: warfare

1 ce displays, tool use, culture, hunting, and warfare).

2 xcellent proxy for the intensity of internal warfare.

3 ntial weapon for bioterrorism and biological warfare.

4 earning to power politics and intercommunity warfare.

5 ged attacks, a strategy still used in modern warfare.

6 ed international standards of conduct during warfare.

7 also serve as countermeasures to biological warfare.

8 astoralists currently engaged in small-scale warfare.

9 distribution in the absence of punishment or warfare.

10 d as a category A Select Agent of biological warfare.

11 ense competition between societies-primarily warfare.

12 youths (~17 to 28) took charge of interclan warfare.

13 red as potential agents for bioterrorism and warfare.

14 llus that is a powerful agent for biological warfare.

15 otulinum toxin, and aflatoxin for biological warfare; 200 bombs and 25 ballistic missiles laden with

16 Data from precolonial warfare, 501 recent wars, and 129 customary court sessio

17 state conflicts, unconventional or guerrilla warfare against established governments, and stateless t

18 otulinum, Vaccinia virus, and one biological warfare agent (BWA) simulant, Bacillus thuringiensis kur

19 mits is observed in the analysis of chemical warfare agent (CWA) degradation products in environmenta

20 termine oxidation products of three chemical warfare agent (CWA) related phenylarsenic compounds from

21 pectrometer (IM(tof)MS) to detect a chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulant from aerosol samples.

22 fication of single particles of the chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants at each laser fluence used

23 spectrometer (IM(tof)MS) to detect chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants from both aqueous- and gas

24 Aerosolized chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants trimethyl phosphate, dimet

25 Detection of chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants, illicit drugs, and explos

26 Ion mobility spectra of chemical warfare agent (CWA) stimulant dimethyl methylphosphonate

27 ic oxidative decontamination of the chemical warfare agent (CWA) sulfur mustard (HD, bis(2-chlororeth

28 using fixed sampling times for the chemical warfare agent (CWA) surrogate compound, diisopropyl meth

29 bons and the high-speed analysis of chemical warfare agent and explosive markers.

30 agnostic reagents for a potential biological warfare agent and hold promise as scaffolds for the deve

31 time and label free detection of biological warfare agent and provide an opportunity to make miniatu

32 tigated compounds include an intact chemical warfare agent and structurally related molecules, hydrol

33 CE-based method for the analysis of chemical warfare agent degradation products in agent neutralizati

34 been developed for the analysis of chemical warfare agent degradation products in reaction masses us

35 lysis, environmental testing, and biological warfare agent detection.

36 al monitoring and to chemical and biological warfare agent detection.

37 d as a life-threatening potential biological warfare agent due to its high virulence, transmission, m

38 tly, a new class of reactivators of chemical warfare agent inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with

39 Lewisite is a potent arsenic-based chemical warfare agent known to induce painful cutaneous inflamma

40 ng the hydrolysis of the very toxic chemical warfare agent mustard (bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide) in the

41 ilized insecticide paraoxon and the chemical warfare agent sarin.

42 or the trace analysis in air of the chemical warfare agent simulant methyl salicylate (1.24 ppb) and

43 of adsorption and decomposition of chemical warfare agent simulants on Zr-based MOFs open new opport

44 Using a set of chemical warfare agent simulants with nominally the same reduced

45 morphine), organic salts, peptides, chemical warfare agent simulants, and other small organic compoun

46 Data are given for chemical warfare agent simulants, methyl salicylate, and dimethyl

47 ity for NPPMP, the analogue for the chemical warfare agent soman.

48 Incorporation of the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard (SM) produces a covalent ad

49 t precursors of the extremely toxic chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard and classified, respectivel

50 positive and negative ions with VX chemical warfare agent surrogates representing the amine (triethy

51 oxic and environmentally persistent chemical warfare agent VX (O-ethyl S-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl me

52 n S (P-S bond), an analogue for the chemical warfare agent VX.

53 ction and characterization of the biological warfare agent, B. anthracis, the causative agent of anth

54 enterotoxin B (SEB), a potential biological warfare agent, is a potent superantigen that contributes

55 d by aerosol and has been developed as a bio-warfare agent, making it an important pathogen to study

56 from exposure to a pesticide, paraoxon and a warfare agent, VX.

57 global health threat and possible biological warfare agent.

58 en recently considered a possible biological warfare agent.

59 plant toxin used as a poison and biological warfare agent; shiga toxin is a homologue expressed by p

60 are examined as decontaminants for chemical warfare agents (CWA).

61 The threat associated with chemical warfare agents (CWAs) motivates the development of new m

62 0%) efficiently decomposes adsorbed chemical warfare agents (CWAs) on microporous activated carbons u

63 or the mitigation of the effects of chemical warfare agents (CWAs), including sensing, catalysis and

64 anophosphorus (OP) insecticides and chemical warfare agents act primarily by inhibiting acetylcholine

65 s, which are common constituents of chemical warfare agents and agricultural pesticides.

66 he symptoms of diseases caused by biological warfare agents and have Critical Incident Stress Debrief

67 nism may link vaccination against biological warfare agents and later ill health, but the risks of il

68 , identification, and validation of chemical warfare agents and other small-molecule analytes present

69 termeasure against organophosphorus chemical warfare agents and pesticides is warranted.

70 asensitive detection of different biological warfare agents and their markers in different matrices.

71 A wide range of chemical warfare agents and their simulants are catalytically dec

72 Most of the organophosphate chemical warfare agents are a mixture of two stereoisomers at the

73 protection and treatment so that biological warfare agents are never used.

74 in-the-field detection of traces of chemical warfare agents as well as to differentiate between the r

75 who had witnessed the demolition of chemical warfare agents at the Khamisiyah site in Iraq had a grea

76 Chemical warfare agents containing phosphonate ester bonds are am

77 The threat of terrorists using biological warfare agents has received increased attention in recen

78 etection of multiple simulants of biological warfare agents have been developed.

79 stable immunoassays for the detection of bio warfare agents in complex matrices.

80 ection scheme for the analysis of biological warfare agents is demonstrated using Bacillus globigii s

81 trumentation to accurately detect biological warfare agents such as B. anthracis, emergency responder

82 apture and catalytic degradation of chemical warfare agents such as sarin and sulfur mustard using me

83 ovide here a primer on 10 classic biological warfare agents to increase the likelihood of their being

84 that range from the detection of biological warfare agents to pharmaceutical screening.

85 risk that is posed by microbes as biological warfare agents using the basic principles of microbial c

86 Chemical warfare agents were demolished by US soldiers at Khamisi

87 se for the screening of explosives, chemical warfare agents, and illicit drugs.

88 hosphates, including pesticides and chemical warfare agents, at rates approaching the diffusion contr

89 Titration curves for two biological warfare agents, Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis,

90 rmaceutical compounds, detection of chemical warfare agents, environmental hygiene technology, prelim

91 l organophosphorus (OP) pesticides, chemical warfare agents, lubricants, and plasticizers, leading to

92 tification of the three potential biological warfare agents, ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, and

93 y and accurately detect potential biological warfare agents, such as Bacillus anthracis, causal agent

94 Among the chemical warfare agents, the extremely toxic nerve agent VX (O-et

95 technique for the identification of chemical warfare agents, toxic chemicals, or explosives in air.

96 monitoring degradation products of chemical warfare agents, with advantages of speed/warning, effici

97 iable identification of potential biological warfare agents.

98 ted organophosphorus pesticides and chemical warfare agents.

99 rrorism responses to biological and chemical warfare agents.

100 on of agricultural insecticides and chemical warfare agents.

101 in the catalytic decontamination of chemical warfare agents.

102 anophosphate-based insecticides and chemical warfare agents.

103 sites that produce the compounds as chemical warfare agents.

104 ddition, these toxins are suspected chemical warfare agents.

105 hemicals including insecticides and chemical warfare agents.

106 n of toxic industrial chemicals and chemical warfare agents.

107 e agents), and blistering and incapacitating warfare agents.

108 racteristics for the destruction of chemical warfare agents.

109 n of organophosphate pesticides and chemical warfare agents.

110 ong veterans potentially exposed to chemical warfare agents; 2) compare the findings of factor analys

111 of veterans potentially exposed to chemical warfare agents; however, veterans who had witnessed the

112 phates have been adapted for use as chemical warfare agents; the most well-known are GA, GB, GD, GF,

113 rganophosphorus (OP) pesticides and chemical warfare agents; therefore, they warrant exploration.

114 d with individuals exposed to high-intensity warfare alone, those exposed to both high-intensity warf

115 The warfare among microbial species as well as between patho

116 We studied warfare among the Turkana, a politically uncentralized,

117 We did a warfare analysis laboratory exercise using evidence-base

118 is one of the deadliest agents of biological warfare and bioterrorism.

119 alone, those exposed to both high-intensity warfare and chemical weapons were at higher risk for lif

120 arfare, those exposed to both high-intensity warfare and chemical weapons were at higher risk for lif

121 d Sardasht (both high-intensity conventional warfare and chemical weapons).

122 g individuals exposed to both high-intensity warfare and chemical weapons, prevalence rates for lifet

123 bial natural products exploited in bacterial warfare and chemotherapeutic trials.

124 etion system (T6SS) is a weapon of bacterial warfare and host cell subversion.

125 Vaccination against biological warfare and multiple routine vaccinations were associate

126 ical agents have been used as instruments of warfare and terror for thousands of years to produce fea

127 rol and Prevention as a potential biological warfare and terrorism agent.

128 The threat of biological warfare and the emergence of new infectious agents sprea

129 of peaceful societies, historical trends of warfare and violence, and cooperation say otherwise.

130 warfare), Rabat (high-intensity conventional warfare), and Sardasht (both high-intensity conventional

131 then, the use of horses for transportation, warfare, and agriculture, as well as selection for desir

132 cal weapon, biological terrorism, biological warfare, and biowarfare.

133 ological terrorism, bioterrorism, biological warfare, and biowarfare.

134 cal weapon, biological terrorism, biological warfare, and biowarfare.

135 cal weapon, biological terrorism, biological warfare, and biowarfare.

136 ular systems involved in secretion, defense, warfare, and gene transfer.

137 onse to natural disasters, to the ravages of warfare, and most recently, to medical response after te

138 tions in the formation of complex societies, warfare, and regulation.

139 red the balkanization of polities, increased warfare, and the asynchronous disintegration of polities

140 Conflict and warfare are central but also disputed themes in discussi

141 ring the Persian Gulf War, Iraq's biological warfare arsenal probably would have been militarily inef

142 ut provides a striking example of asymmetric warfare as well as a bacterial equivalent to the trappin

143 ober 2001, the first disseminated biological warfare attack was perpetrated on American soil.

144 nic fungi and their hosts engage in chemical warfare, attacking each other with toxic products of sec

145 ments in favour and against the existence of warfare before the development of sedentary societies.

146 Furthermore, Turkana norms governing warfare benefit the ethnolinguistic group, a population

147 dcontinental socio-political instability and warfare between 1250-1350 CE corresponded with drier pos

148 ict have made humans resourceful not only at warfare but also at peacemaking.

149 found among those exposed to high-intensity warfare but not to chemical weapons (31%, 8%, 26%, and 1

150 Exposure to high-intensity warfare but not to chemical weapons was also significant

151 ed to deter Iraq from reacquiring biological warfare capability and must take steps to develop a mult

152 ironmental remediation of pesticide/chemical warfare contaminated areas.

153 tants, suggesting indiscriminate or targeted warfare contrary to international humanitarian law and p

154 their precursors as defined by the chemical warfare convention treaty verification were used in this

155 ribed by Schedule 1, 2, or 3 of the Chemical Warfare Convention treaty verification, was used in this

156 ribed by Schedule 1, 2, or 3 of the Chemical Warfare Convention treaty verification, were used in thi

157 ng investigated for the sourcing of chemical warfare (CW) agents and their starting materials that ma

158 flight mass spectrometer to analyze chemical warfare (CW) degradation products from aqueous environme

159 nd drug screening to chemical and biological warfare detection, inexpensive, rapid-readout, portable

160 weapons of terror as well as instruments of warfare for mass destruction.

161 ploration of new niches, and engage in group warfare for niche dominance.

162 Among the low-intensity warfare group, the corresponding rates were 8%, 2%, 18%,

163 6), compared with those in the low-intensity warfare group.

164 Biological warfare has been renounced by 140 nations, primarily for

165 Biological warfare has evolved from the crude use of cadavers to co

166 The new reality of biologic terrorism and warfare has ignited a debate about whether to reintroduc

167 ia Yersinia pestis as an agent of biological warfare have highlighted the need for a safe, efficaciou

168 Although helping facilitate this chemical warfare, HK II via its mitochondrial location also suppr

169 bioterrorism, biological agents, biological warfare, hospital preparedness, disaster management, and

170 This analysis supports a 'trench warfare' hypothesis, in which advances and retreats of r

171 tral Pan would not have engaged in intensive warfare if we consider bonobo behavior, but modern human

172 sociation with indigenous solar religion and warfare in Mexico may have led to its suppression after

173 2004 of 153 civilians in 3 towns exposed to warfare in northwestern Iran: Oshnaviyeh (low-intensity

174 evolutionized transport, communications, and warfare in prehistory, yet the identification of early d

175 emphasised group-level competition, such as warfare, in moulding human cooperation and sociality.

176 rstanding mortality that results from modern warfare, in which 90% of casualties are civilian, and id

177 Warfare intensity, in turn, depended on the spread of hi

178 Exposure to chemical warfare is an extreme traumatic event that has long-last

179 To evaluate whether participation in warfare is associated with reproductive benefits, we pre

180 The origin of human violence and warfare is controversial, and some scholars contend that

181 The history of biological warfare is difficult to assess because of a number of co

182 f the types of injuries that occur in modern warfare is essential to plan operations and maintain a h

183 l use of Y. pestis as an agent of biological warfare mean that plague still poses a threat to human h

184 sistent with balanced-polymorphism or trench-warfare models of host-parasite coevolution.

185 were exposed either to urban violence or to warfare more than a decade earlier.

186 stence was investigated for several chemical warfare nerve agent degradation analytes on indoor surfa

187 The persistence of chemical warfare nerve agent degradation analytes on surfaces is

188 ormation during the hydrolysis of a chemical warfare nerve agent simulant over a polyoxometalate cata

189 on against multiple lethal doses of chemical warfare nerve agents in vivo.

190 therapeutic against the toxicity of chemical warfare nerve agents.

191 has investigated the effects of violence and warfare on individuals' well-being, mental health, and i

192 s--bacteria, viruses, or toxins--as tools of warfare or terrorism has led to measures to deter their

193 n clinical medicine as well as in biological warfare or terrorism incidents.

194 the greatest concern from a bioterrorism or warfare perspective, potentially capable of causing mass

195 From a bioterrorism and warfare perspective, these agents are likely to cause ma

196 is membrane are the instruments of microbial warfare, playing key roles in microbial pathogenesis, vi

197 odern reincarnation of the Soviet biological warfare program.

198 nt and proliferation of offensive biological warfare programs.

199 Iran: Oshnaviyeh (low-intensity conventional warfare), Rabat (high-intensity conventional warfare), a

200 plied to the direct detection of 13 chemical warfare related compounds, including sarin, and compared

201 0, shotguns and M-16s were adopted into Enga warfare, setting off some 15 years of devastation as you

202 IMS data of three chemical warfare simulants, dimethyl methylphosphonate, triethyl

203 quisition dimensions on IMS data of chemical warfare simulants.

204 This simple act of nutritional warfare, starving the invader of an essential element, i

205 d intelligence gathering, a major biological warfare terrorist attack can be prevented, the history o

206 With the threat of biological warfare, the U.S.

207 about the physical consequences of chemical warfare, there is a paucity of information about the lon

208 ed with individuals exposed to low-intensity warfare, those exposed to both high-intensity warfare an

209 aerosolized for use as a potential biologic warfare threat agent.

210 te the Gulf War defeat, the Iraqi biological warfare threat has not been extinguished.

211 hough its toxicity makes BoNT/A a biological warfare threat, its biologic activity makes it an increa

212 In this population, internal warfare unites multiple communities, and co-unokais stra

213 h of past foraging people, and evidence that warfare was part of the repertoire of inter-group relati

214 olecules (bacteriocins) for their continuous warfare with other microorganisms.

215 e rule, and the cessation of Ptolemaic state warfare with their great rival, the Seleukid Empire.