ライフサイエンスコーパス: weed

1 st published draft genome of an agricultural weed.

2 g wild radish to become a major agricultural weed.

3 wing in intimate association with maize as a weed.

4 while Pla l 1 represented the most relevant weed.

5 of resistant biotypes of goosegrass, a major weed.

6 ses serious harm as an aeroallergen and crop weed.

7 sms underlying the extreme adaptation of the weed.

8 ful management for this globally significant weed.

9 sons - for example, introduced versus native weeds.

10 e the use of nonchemical measures to control weeds.

11 f modern industrial herbicides is to control weeds.

12 xidant metabolism to those determined in MHR weeds.

13 .107) versus 1.117 (95% CI, 1.092-1.143) for weeds.

14 Polygonaceae), which includes many important weeds.

15 s a novel strategy for controlling parasitic weeds.

16 pernicious agricultural pests are parasitic weeds.

17 that have the potential to become aggressive weeds.

18 um root exudates against broadleaf and grass weeds.

19 ms involving insect herbivores and poisonous weeds.

20 adaptive haplotypes during the evolution of weeds.

21 growth advantage so that they can outcompete weeds.

22 e the accidental co-harvest of PA-containing weeds.

23 samples of soybeans growing with or without weeds.

24 y be important in the response of soybean to weeds.

25 ley tended to dilute the selection effect of weeds.

26 improved cereal yields and competition with weeds.

27 f drug and pesticide resistance, cancer, and weeds.

28 olling the infestation of crops by parasitic weeds.

29 ypical of invasive species and environmental weeds.

30 em, increasing the difficulty of controlling weeds.

31 0%; kitchen, 20%), pests treated (ants, 33%; weeds, 20%), pesticide types (insecticides, 46%; herbici

32 he smallest genome of any known agricultural weed (335 Mb).

33 The FSE reported larger weed abundance under GMHT management for fodder maize, o

34 Here, we forecast weed abundances in post-triazine herbicide regimes.

35 We predict weed abundances under future conventional herbicide mana

36 Weed abundances were decreased greatly relative to all o

37 , seed dormancy could contribute most to the weed adaptation.

38 ical for survival of this invasive perennial weed after episodes of severe abiotic stress.

39 and Lolium spp.) or from planted engineered weed (Amaranthus spp.) using a gene conferring the degra

40 nary change can be startlingly rapid, making weeds an appealing system to study evolutionary processe

41 y important as the species is a serious crop weed and its airborne pollen is a major cause of allergy

42 rm, Saccharomyces yeast, Arabidopsis mustard weed and zebrafish, with more planned.

43 Interactions between weeds and arthropods have several implications to integr

44 Weeds and arthropods interact in agricultural systems.

45 Here, we model associations between weeds and carabids across farmland in Great Britain (GB)

46 th regulation, in suppressing propagation of weeds and enhancing productivity of major forage, turf,

47 enic pollen seasons of representative trees, weeds and grass during the past decade (2001-2010) acros

48 to field selection for glyphosate-resistant weeds and has induced significant population shifts to w

49 despite the difficulties posed by resistant weeds and increased regulatory hurdles, new screening to

50 Weeds and introduced species have significantly smaller

51 We uncovered genera that have more weeds and introduced species than expected by chance and

52 or the long-term persistence of these arable weeds and may benefit invertebrates, small mammals and s

53 Selfing can be particularly important for weeds and other successional species that typically unde

54 and frequency of extreme events, the role of weeds and pests, disease and animal health, issues in bi

55 architecture and interactions with parasitic weeds and symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

56 bout the genetic basis of adaptive traits in weeds and the range of genetic mechanisms that are respo

57 of new growth on a variety of dicotyledonous weeds and was a potent inhibitor of Arabidopsis (Arabido

58 cide and herbicide resistance in insects and weeds, and control damaging invasive species.

59 rly a hundred mechanisms to control insects, weeds, and fungi, usually with minimal disruption of nat

60 nt sources, including fungi, trees, grasses, weeds, and indoor allergens, was surveyed utilizing pred

61 ersity, biotic resistance against introduced weeds, and the success of managed plants in agriculture

62 lyses of evolutionary processes among crops, weeds, and wild species within and beyond the Compositae

63 sis of the TEs in two related organisms: the weed Arabidopsis thaliana (125 megabases) and Brassica o

64 Here we show that the mustard weed Arabidopsis thaliana can survive up to 10 generatio

65 ing climate using banked seeds of the annual weed Arabidopsis thaliana in common garden experiments i

66 The cruciferous weed Arabidopsis thaliana is an attractive model system

67 e selection, and others, such as the selfing weed Arabidopsis thaliana, showing an excess of deleteri

68 id replacements among species of the mustard weed Arabidopsis with those among species of the fruitfl

69 iens), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and weed (Arabidopsis thaliana) suggested that over 35% of a

70 Weeds are among the greatest pests of agriculture, causi

71 velopment and spread of glyphosate-resistant weeds are discussed.

72 nsformation of wild plants into agricultural weeds are poorly understood.

73 ent also applies to all other pests that use weeds as a food source, including pathogens, nematodes,

74 eptibility to invading aquatic consumers and weeds, as well as prodigious requirements for nutrients

75 carabid beetles that feed on their seeds and weed-associated invertebrate prey.

76 pressing growth of the widespread rice paddy weed, barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli).

77 and even the term seaweed is pejorative - a weed being a plant growing in what humans consider to be

78 Mean weed biomass in corn and soybean was <25 kg ha(-1) in al

79 ich contained approximately 110 kg ha(-1) of weed biomass.

80 lement (CYPomes) of rice and the model grass weed Brachypodium distachyon have been compared to view

81 facility, we tested whether an annual grass weed (Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens) has evolved in res

82 has been implicated in glyphosate-resistant weeds, but this residue is not directly involved in glyp

83 The transposons can be vectored to the weeds by introgression from the crop (in rice, sorghum,

84 The widespread infection of these weeds by little characterised and persistent viruses and

85 Weeds can cause great economic and ecological harm to ec

86 Weeds can directly serve as food sources or provide othe

87 Weeds can serve as a source of increased diversity in ag

88 Weeds can serve as alternative hosts for pest and benefi

89 nd most lowland areas of GB, was sampled for weed, carabid and invertebrate taxa over 3 years.

90 Tithonia diversifolia is an invasive weed commonly found in tropical ecosystems.

91 associated with either native or introduced weeds compared with native or introduced nonweeds.

92 We suggest that selection pressure in crop-weed complexes contributes to this process.

93 ultural pests and increasingly as biological weed control agents, particularly in North America.

94 dified crops, agricultural practices such as weed control and foliar insecticide use could have large

95 Chemical weed control began over a century ago with inorganic com

96 gle mode of action herbicide in agricultural weed control drives genetic adaptation in targeted speci

97 global problem leading to a loss of chemical weed control in cereal crops.

98 SR) to herbicides that disrupts agricultural weed control is a worldwide concern for food security.

99 ve and sustained use of glyphosate as a sole weed control mechanism has led to field selection for gl

100 Additional weed control mechanisms that can complement glyphosate-r

101 ctive, environmentally sound, and profitable weed control methods have been rapidly adopted by crop p

102 read acceptance by providing a simple robust weed control system.

103 erbicide applications may maintain effective weed control while reducing freshwater toxicity.

104 massive success because it enables efficient weed control with minimal animal and environmental toxic

105 ement in soil properties, effective pest and weed control, and increased crop yields.

106 rop production by improving plant nutrition, weed control, and plant health.

107 the development of biorational approaches to weed control.

108 been harnessed in agriculture for selective weed control.

109 hemistries being particularly problematic in weed control.

110 phosate spray dose typically recommended for weed control.

111 magnitude greater than for similar domestic weed control.

112 ent interventions; in particular, mechanical weed control.

113 of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and jimson weed (Datura metel), but not soybean (Glycine max), like

114 spectrum herbicide that controls many of the weeds developing resistance to glyphosate.

115 ism and herbicide bioactivation in crops and weeds discussed.

116 aspecific barley diversity and interspecific weed diversity, respectively.

117 ly larger than that for atrazine used before weeds emerged, but still smaller than for the four FSE s

118 regimes whenever atrazine was applied before weeds emerged.

119 selective contact herbicides, widely used at weed emergence to protect a wide range of crops.

120 an, fruit fly, nematode worm, yeast, mustard weed, eukaryotic parasites, and all completed prokaryote

121 Genetic mechanisms by which weeds evolve resistance to herbicides largely determine

122 Weed species and the methods to maintain weed-free controls varied between years to mitigate trea

123 While in other weeds glyphosate resistance arose from target site mutat

124 aniline herbicide resistance in the invasive weed goosegrass was previously shown to stem from a spon

125 discovered by serendipitous observations on weed growth and were developed as bleaching herbicides.

126 ability of crop plants, leading to increased weed growth.

127 esistant populations of 42 species of grassy weeds, hampering application of aryloxyphenoxypropionate

128 first time, a herbicide-resistant perennial weed has established itself in wild populations.

129 its growth than soil microbes from where the weed has invaded in North America.

130 The weed has morphological similarities to a wild relative o

131 A novel weed has recently emerged, causing serious agronomic dam

132 ces have changed over the past 12 000 years, weeds have adapted in turn to evade human removal.

133 r floras, suggest that native and introduced weeds have different stress adaptations, and provide a c

134 al for controlling gene flow among crops and weeds have thus far focused on maternal inheritance, mal

135 Many invasive weeds, however, eventually encounter their native, coevo

136 ass (Echinochloa crus-galli) is a pernicious weed in agricultural fields worldwide.

137 ered a significant glyphosate-resistant (GR) weed in agriculture, spreading to 21 states in the Unite

138 r, we find that Centaurea diffusa, a noxious weed in North America, has much stronger negative effect

139 s was Amaranthus tuberculatus, a problematic weed in the midwestern United States that previously had

140 gen oxidase (PPO) are widely used to control weeds in a variety of crops.

141 icides are used for the selective control of weeds in arable crops.

142 been developed for the selective control of weeds in arable crops.

143 marketed as racemate against dicotyledonous weeds in cereals.

144 marketed as racemate against dicotyledonous weeds in cereals.

145 ant pasture grasses, yet herbicide-resistant weeds in crops; (3) rice (Oryza sativa), often infested

146 ntly prevent hard-to-predict fluctuations of weeds in environments otherwise susceptible to invasion.

147 d-spectrum herbicide used for the control of weeds in glyphosate-resistant crops.

148 rbicides used extensively for the control of weeds in major agricultural crops.

149 luding invasive populations that are noxious weeds in North America.

150 merican tropics, has become one of the worst weeds in recorded history.

151 Horseweed, one of the most problematic weeds in the world, is a true diploid (2n = 2x = 18), wi

152 a range of herbicides used to control grass weeds in wheat resulted in increased levels of hydropero

153 The relationship of this weed-induced PIF3 gene to genes involved in shade avoida

154 These results suggest that the weed-induced PIF3 gene will be a target for manipulating

155 so that if a taxon becomes an environmental weed, industry pays for its management.

156 tural populations of the common agricultural weed, Ipomoea purpurea, we show that herbicide-resistant

157 Genetic resistance to this parasitic weed is the most economically feasible control measure.

158 at are the probable progenitors of the major weed "johnsongrass." By restriction fragment length poly

159 crown buds of the model herbaceous perennial weed leafy spurge were investigated using a 23 K element

160 eral MADS box genes from the model perennial weed leafy spurge.

161 GMHT crops by farmers covaries with current weed levels.

162 crop relatives is critical for agricultural weed management and food security.

163 pping system diversification and alternative weed management strategies can maintain yield, profit, a

164 ity could lead to development of biorational weed management strategies.

165 ful lifetime of these economically important weed management traits will be cut short.

166 nefits associated with biotechnology-derived weed management traits.

167 phosate is the most widespread herbicide for weed management, being extensively used in viticulture.

168 orphology and phenology that are relevant to weed management.

169 rgets for chemical intervention in resistant weed management.

170 ition to the action mechanisms available for weed management.

171 hat invasiveness in these aggressive aquatic weeds may be linked to heterosis maintained by vegetativ

172 nd decision aids for individual crop insect, weed, nematode, and plant disease management.

173 loa phyllopogon (late watergrass) is a major weed of California rice (Oryza sativa) that has evolved

174 ck-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides), a problem weed of cereal crops in Northern Europe.

175 inochloa glabrescens, which is an aggressive weed of rice paddies.

176 ck-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) is a major weed of wheat in Europe, with several populations having

177 lated to the contamination of buckwheat with weeds of the genus Datura.

178 ons of the taxonomy and traits of successful weeds often focus on a few specific comparisons - for ex

179 The effects of weeds on the soybean transcriptome were evaluated in fie

180 e escape of transgenes via pollen to related weeds or crops and there is no need for codon optimizati

181 An understanding of how weeds originate and adapt is needed for successful manag

182 e for three possible, non-mutually exclusive weed origins (from wild species, crop-wild hybrids or di

183 eview the current literature on agricultural weed origins and their mechanisms of adaptation.

184 0 signaling in the GC might allow T cells to weed out heavily damaged centroblasts while at the same

185 penicillin-binding assays were then used to weed out proteins that were unstable, failed to insert i

186 nomics for cancer therapies is predicated on weeding out "bystander" alterations (nonconsequential mu

187 g efficient performers, and, by its absence, weeding out others.

188 perspective, array ordering depends on the "weeding out" of discordant microtubules through frequent

189 While intercellular competition weeds out nonfunctional cells, it may also select for ce

190 Weeds outside crop fields that maintain overwintering po

191 specimens of an invasive phototoxic European weed, Pastinaca sativa, through 152 years reveals phytoc

192 Brassica napus (rapeseed) and the parasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa (broomrape).

193 Arable weeds play a foundational role in linking food webs, pro

194 Weed pollen (Asteraceae) was never dominant, exposure ac

195 tion with inhaler use, including: AQI, PM10, weed pollen, and mold.

196 the IgE and T cell response to Art v 6 of 60 weed pollen-allergic patients and assessed its immunolog

197 rass and cat sensitization, while venom- and weed pollen-positive individuals were frequently asympto

198 in grapes, fruits, and root extracts of the weed Polygonum cuspidatum, exhibits anti-inflammatory, c

199 in grapes, fruits, and root extracts of the weed Polygonum cuspidatum, is a potent inhibitor of nucl

200 esistance mechanism in a naturally occurring weed population is particularly significant because it c

201 modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) crops on weed populations and the consequences for seed-eating bi

202 stance to herbicides in previously untreated weed populations and the herbicide dose applied to these

203 spersal of herbicide-resistant alleles among weed populations is poorly understood.

204 We predict that weed populations might be reduced to low levels or pract

205 ed outcome of these scenarios is to generate weed populations that contain the unfitness gene and thu

206 widespread evolution of glyphosate-resistant weed populations, threatening the sustainability of this

207 gree of cross-resistance already existing in weed populations.

208 years imposes selective genetic pressure on weed populations.

209 erring field-evolved herbicide resistance in weed populations.

210 mpact of novel genes on indigenous crops and weeds, practical and regulatory considerations will like

211 nd negative selection options to intractable weed problems.

212 Weeds reduce yield in soybeans (Glycine max) through inc

213 Many major weeds rely upon vegetative dispersal by rhizomes and see

214 cytosol, and that every fifth protein in the weed resides in the chloroplast.

215 or which there is little evidence of evolved weed resistance, indaziflam represents an important addi

216 s, and to allow detection of general soybean weed responses.

217 rop plants or hybrids formed with compatible weeds results in more competitive plants outside of agri

218 Here we test this hypothesis, using the weed-rich thistle tribe, Cardueae, in the California Flo

219 ohibited based on environmental risk; (ii) a weed risk assessment for all new taxa; (iii) a program t

220 agribusinesses promote taxa with substantial weed risk.

221 consider as they build new policies to limit weed risks, including (i) national lists of taxa that ar

222 ope of SI expands to encompass environmental weed risks.

223 erences between plants from the global major weed rye-grass sensitive or resistant to the acetolactat

224 ta with increasingly negative effects on the weed's growth, possibly leading to its control.

225 has long been of interest to ecologists and weed scientists.

226 by disrupting a rival bacterial community: "weeding," "seeding," "replanting" and "preserving." By c

227 pplication of the model to patch dynamics of weed seeds and local introductions of genetically modifi

228 rating in different plant tissues, parasitic weed seeds, and arbuscular mycorrhizae.

229 o their low application rates, high crop vs. weed selectivity, and low toxicity in animals.

230 s of the sporophytic self-incompatible (SSI) weed, Senecio squalidus were crossed in a full diallel t

231 Weed species and the methods to maintain weed-free contr

232 now increasingly recognized in several crop-weed species as a looming threat to herbicide sustainabi

233 els of barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotype and weed species diversity and assessed their relative biodi

234 ese different effects of barley genotype and weed species diversity as the consequence of small vs la

235 ass through complementarity effects, whereas weed species diversity increased biomass predominantly t

236 of resistance to the herbicide glyphosate in weed species has been an extremely infrequent event, des

237 Restharrows were common agricultural weed species until the advent of mechanical ploughing an

238 the most widely used herbicides, in several weed species, including common waterhemp (Amaranthus tub

239 Silwet-L77) to Arabidopsis and two invasive weed species, spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) and

240 ny dicotyledonous plants, including invasive weed species.

241 Among noxious agricultural weeds, species accumulating more pathogens in their natu

242 These are the improvement of weed-specific biocontrol agents, enhancement of crop com

243 Weed strains likely evolved both early and late in the h

244 and jasmonic acid signaling responses during weed stress.

245 The parasitic weeds Striga asiatica and Striga hermonthica cause devas

246 timulating the seed germination of parasitic weeds such as the Striga and Orobanche species, and late

247 t strategies can maintain yield, profit, and weed suppression while delivering enhanced environmental

248 Application to root competition in crop-weed systems is demonstrated.

249 Admixture analyses showed that HR weeds tend to possess crop haplotypes in the portion of

250 phorbia esula L.) is an herbaceous perennial weed that maintains its perennial growth habit through g

251 (Euphorbia esula) is an herbaceous perennial weed that produces vegetatively from an abundance of und

252 phorbia esula L.) is a deep-rooted perennial weed that propagates both by seeds and underground adven

253 ed by the inexorable increase in biotypes of weeds that are resistant to herbicides.

254 se in the populations of several troublesome weeds that are tolerant or resistant to herbicides curre

255 a central role for specific GSTFs in MHR in weeds that has parallels with similar roles for unrelate

256 The species of weeds that plague crops today are a consequence of the h

257 Ragweed and mugwort are closely related weeds that represent the major cause of pollen allergy i

258 Beetles may also "weed" the bacterial community by eliminating some groups

259 (Asteraceae) family, was the first broadleaf weed to evolve resistance to glyphosate.

260 The first weed to evolve resistance to PPO-inhibiting herbicides w

261 nsights on the ability of invasive perennial weeds to adapt and survive under harsh environments, whi

262 ghts the value of using wild species such as weeds to identify adaptions to specific conditions assoc

263 The ability of weeds to proliferate into nonindigenous habitats has bee

264 pecies, and we compared phenotypic traits of weeds to those of nonweeds, whether introduced or native

265 PIF3 gene will be a target for manipulating weed tolerance in soybean.

266 eous plants indicates the presence of arable weeds, typical of cultivated rice, that also increased o

267 These resistant weeds were 97 to 199 cm tall and initiated flowering fro

268 ng, whereas spring-germinating, large-seeded weeds were associated with a range of larger, autumn-bre

269 Autumn-germinating, small-seeded weeds were associated with smaller, spring-breeding cara

270 genotyping-by-sequencing data showed that HR weeds were not genetically structured according to hull

271 Weeds were suppressed effectively in all systems, but fr

272 eafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) is a perennial weed which is capable of acclimating to sub-freezing tem

273 ntitious buds (UABs) of herbaceous perennial weeds, which is a primary factor facilitating their esca

274 rbicide can be of practical value to control weeds with efficient chemical use.

275 has induced significant population shifts to weeds with inherent tolerance to glyphosate.

276 vide a comprehensive survey of trends across weeds within the USA.