ライフサイエンスコーパス: wildfire

1 expand the geographic and seasonal niche of wildfire.

2 period (2009-2010), 6 and 7 years after the wildfire.

3 essitate a more sustainable coexistence with wildfire.

4 idential development to withstand inevitable wildfire.

5 residential communities to more warming and wildfire.

6 P and the EPC0 persisted 6 and 7 years after wildfire.

7 oms in regions affected by heat, pollen, and wildfires.

8 hat may be useful in predicting PM2.5 during wildfires.

9 f elevated and increasing pCO2 and pervasive wildfires.

10 ing no human impacts and naturally occurring wildfires.

11 onomic loss and an extraordinary increase in wildfires.

12 rbon stocks are strongly shaped by extensive wildfires.

13 and propagate in similar ways to aggressive wildfires.

14 tion in incident management team response to wildfires.

15 cing O3 during transport from the California wildfires.

16 ts that were known to be infested before the wildfires.

17 dictors of P. ramorum recovery following the wildfires.

18 such as climate variability, invasions, and wildfires.

19 ited wildfires relative to lightning-ignited wildfires.

20 fall of 2016, including samples from nearby wildfires.

21 e inadequate to address a new era of western wildfires.

22 ost prone to conversion to non-forests after wildfires.

23 karrikin molecules induce germination after wildfires [2].

24 centrations were high county-wide due to the wildfires; 84% of 120-400 nm particles by number were id

25 nfluences the recovery of productivity after wildfires across the four-corner region of the United St

26 Wildfires across western North America have increased in

27 ity, the direct role of people in increasing wildfire activity has been largely overlooked.

28 Wildfire activity in boreal forests is anticipated to in

29 Wildfire activity in North American boreal forests incre

30 Contrary to the expectation of increased wildfire activity in recently infested red-stage stands,

31 Here, we show that large wildfire activity increased suddenly and markedly in the

32 Wildfire activity is predicted to increase in many parts

33 -54 degrees S, latitudinal gradient elevated wildfire activity is synchronous with positive phases of

34 Western United States forest wildfire activity is widely thought to have increased in

35 tation to the effects of recent increases in wildfire activity related to increased drought severity.

36 tual effect of an MPB outbreak on subsequent wildfire activity remains widely debated.

37 infested by MPBs for the three peak years of wildfire activity since 2002 across the western United S

38 Climate strongly influences global wildfire activity, and recent wildfire surges may signal

39 likely enabled a portion of the increase in wildfire activity, the direct role of people in increasi

40 gray-stage stands during three peak years of wildfire activity, which account for 46% of area burned

41 itudes in the Southern Hemisphere, affecting wildfire activity, which in turn pollutes the air and co

42 Previous studies demonstrated that wildfires alter spectroscopic characteristics of terrest

43 organic nitrogen during the beginning of the wildfires, ammonium nitrate and amines after an increase

44 hin a Bayesian framework, we modeled 30 y of wildfire and climatic effects on population rates of cha

45 lysis results supported the notion that both wildfire and Colorado Front Range pollution sources cont

46 resilience approaches aimed at resistance to wildfire and restoration of areas burned by wildfire thr

47 anding ecosystem processes as they relate to wildfire and vegetation dynamics is of growing importanc

48 ous United States, accounting for 84% of all wildfires and 44% of total area burned.

49 and severity of forest disturbances such as wildfires and bark beetle outbreaks, thereby increasing

50 Increases in wildfires and bark-beetle outbreaks in the most recent d

51 the cluster-dilute aggregation mechanism in wildfires and emitted as aggregates with fractal dimensi

52 raction to examine emissions-to-exposure for wildfires and emphasizes that air-quality impacts are no

53 affect the area burned by and emissions from wildfires and how populations will in turn be exposed to

54 ajor contributions of total carbon (TC) from wildfires and minor contributions from biogenic sources.

55 t with the increasing organic aerosol due to wildfires and no clear trend in biogenic emissions.

56 Chars from wildfires and soil amendments (biochars) are strong adso

57 l mercury (Hg) is known to volatilize due to wildfires and this could substantially affect the land-a

58 n, and past and future disturbances, such as wildfires and timber harvesting events.

59 landscape-scale model of forest succession, wildfire, and C dynamics (LANDIS-II) to evaluate the eff

60 ing the environmental controls on historical wildfires, and how they changed across spatial scales, i

61 n natural disturbance events such as storms, wildfires, and insect outbreaks.

62 ngs suggest that PyOM production from boreal wildfires, and potentially also from other fire-prone ec

63 as CO2 from vaporization of carbonate rocks, wildfires, and soil carbon decay; and (iv) ocean overtur

64 masses caused by atmospheric deposition and wildfire are affected by forest structure.

65 human and ecological costs due to increasing wildfire are an urgent concern in policy and management,

66 References 665 Biological decomposition and wildfire are connected carbon release pathways for dead

67 d pathogens, and uncharacteristically severe wildfire are resulting in forest mortality beyond the le

68 settlement relationships between drought and wildfire are well documented in North America, with fore

69 ons of these SVOCs from Australian bushfires/wildfires are achieved, including, for example, summatio

70 Wildfires are important contributors to atmospheric aero

71 Wildfires are inevitable, but the destruction of homes,

72 ever, the effects of severe, stand-replacing wildfires are poorly understood.

73 We propose an approach that accepts wildfire as an inevitable catalyst of change and that pr

74 exposure to fine particles specifically from wildfires, as well as the associations between the prese

75 Wildfire-associated increases in NAIP and the EPC0 persi

76 The wildfire-associated soil Hg loss was positively related

77 Following a severe wildfire at the experimental site in 2006, heathland reg

78 t a comet impact initiated continental-scale wildfires at 12.9 ka; the data do not support this idea,

79 on in marine aerosol particles influenced by wildfires at a coastal California site in the summers of

80 by PM concentrations, the known location of wildfires at the time and simulations with the Weather a

81 pported by PM2.5 data, the known location of wildfires at the time, HYSPLIT dispersion modeling that

82 The respective mean TC contributions from wildfires, biogenic emissions, and other sources were 1.

83 Wildfires burn more than 7 million acres in the United S

84 In 2009, a lightning-caused wildfire burned through the experiment.

85 Intense wildfires burning >360000 acres in San Diego during Octo

86 dicated the transport of air pollutants from wildfires burning in southern California.

87 latively cool and moist sites 11 years after wildfire, but were very sparse at the warmest and driest

88 mospheric chemistry and in the initiation of wildfires, but the impact of global warming on lightning

89 policies that promote adaptive resilience to wildfire, by which people and ecosystems adjust and reor

90 inferring how thermal alteration of soil by wildfire can affect water quality.

91 with populated or industrial areas, although wildfires can be an important source of PAHs, as well.

92 lation exposure to particulate matter during wildfires can be difficult because of insufficient monit

93 Wildfires can elevate dissolved organic matter (DOM) lev

94 Wildfires can significantly alter forest carbon (C) stor

95 esses as diverse as the dynamics of disease, wildfire, carbon sequestration, invasive species, and bi

96 Consequently, the wildfire caused an overall reduction in water extractabl

97 Pyrogenic carbon (PyC), produced naturally (wildfire charcoal) and anthropogenically (biochar), is e

98 espective roles as carbon sinks, as even the wildfire charcoals formed at the highest temperatures ha

99 Wildfire charcoals were formed under higher maximum temp

100 eedstocks (pine forest floor and wood) under wildfire charring- and slow-pyrolysis conditions.

101 Here we show for a wildfire chronosequence spanning over more than 5000 yea

102 ion issues relating to biological invasions, wildfires, climate change, and determination of natural

103 ared with historical (1980-2010) climate and wildfire conditions, projected scenarios would drive a s

104 Our findings highlight that wildfires constitute an important source of environmenta

105 Because wildfire consumed a large portion of organic matter from

106 Wildfires contribute significantly to global soot emissi

107 As such, wildfires contribute to elevated ozone (O3) in the atmos

108 MDA8 reached 83 ppbv and the SMR suggests a wildfire contribution of 19 ppbv to the MDA8.

109 wildland-urban interface fire disasters as a wildfire control problem rather than a home ignition pro

110 ined impact of moderate drainage followed by wildfire converted the low productivity, moss-dominated

111 Filter samples collected on the wildfire day gave the highest oxidative activity on a ma

112 s in stochastic physical disturbances (i.e., wildfire, debris flow, and channel drying and freezing)

113 Wildfire decreased O-horizon Hg by >88% across all fores

114 We also found that projected climate and wildfire decreased tree species richness across a large

115 Human-started wildfires disproportionally occurred where fuel moisture

116 Despite the high frequency of wildfire disturbances in boreal forests in China, the ef

117 with higher large-wildfire frequency, longer wildfire durations, and longer wildfire seasons.

118 experienced mortality due to bark beetles or wildfire during this period.

119 otal forest C, tree species composition, and wildfire dynamics in the Lake Tahoe Basin, California, a

120 Wildfire effects on water quality, particularly nutrient

121 me AOD that is attributed to increased local wildfire emissions and long-range (transcontinental) tra

122 metric for describing aerosol properties of wildfire emissions and their impacts on regional air qua

123 Here we show that end-of-century wildfire emissions are projected to increase by 19-101%

124 However, increases in wildfire emissions due to climate change may have detrim

125 hypothesize that enhancements in PAN due to wildfire emissions may lead to regional enhancements in

126 dy, the regional and nearfield influences of wildfire emissions on ambient aerosol concentration and

127 influence the amount of projected statewide wildfire emissions.

128 racturing, and from drinking water safety to wildfires, environmental challenges are changing.

129 e-ring widths and land surface phenology and wildfire estimates from remote sensing.

130 that took place entirely before or after the wildfire event (n = 747,590) with those where wildfires

131 We assessed the impact of a wildfire event during pregnancy on birth weight among te

132 predict PM2.5 concentrations during a major wildfire event.

133 The extent and increasing frequency of wildfire events may have implications for infant health

134 nge increases the frequency and intensity of wildfires, evidence on vulnerable subpopulations can inf

135 In late October 2003, a series of wildfires exposed urban populations in Southern Californ

136 The trimester-specific effects of wildfire exposure were estimated using a fixed-effects r

137 Sierra, we found that projected climate and wildfire favored the recruitment of more drought-toleran

138 Thus, the implications of wildfire for many downstream water uses are increasingly

139 ifts or exceedance of natural variability in wildfire frequency and freshwater supply.

140 opogenic destruction of natural habitats and wildfire frequency estimated from long-term records of f

141 ng climatic conditions are influencing large wildfire frequency, a globally widespread disturbance th

142 found that genetic admixture increases with wildfire frequency, but we did not find a significant ef

143 markedly in the mid-1980s, with higher large-wildfire frequency, longer wildfire durations, and longe

144 to massive water shortages and increases in wildfire frequency.

145 rea experienced substantial mortality due to wildfires from 1984 to 2006, and approximately 7.6% expe

146 lti-regional dataset of 1485 sites across 52 wildfires from the US Rocky Mountains to ask if and how

147 Wildfires generate substantial emissions of nitrogen oxi

148 h climate may be driving regional changes in wildfire has been systematically documented.

149 sagebrush to direct and indirect effects of wildfire has contributed strongly to declining sage-grou

150 scussion of changes in western United States wildfire has focused instead on the effects of 19th- and

151 Although wildfires have been researched and modeled for decades,

152 des, intense droughts, insect outbreaks, and wildfires have led to decreasing tree growth and increas

153 Wildfires have the potential to have devastating effects

154 ed soot is believed to originate from global wildfires ignited after the impact of a 10-km-diameter a

155 EPC0 were significantly higher downstream of wildfire-impacted areas compared to reference (unburned)

156 oor air on a clean day, and outdoor air on a wildfire-impacted day in Fort Collins, CO.

157 oavailable P that contributes to a legacy of wildfire impacts on downstream water quality, aquatic ec

158 In contrast to other measures of wildfire impacts previously studied (e.g., structural lo

159 11 years following complete stand-replacing wildfire in a dry coniferous forest spanning a large gra

160 Arctic and semiarid savannas; more frequent wildfire in Amazonia, the far north, and many semiarid r

161 The 2013 Rim Fire was the third largest wildfire in California history and burned 257314 acres i

162 on rate found here were applicable to boreal wildfire in general, it would translate into a PyOM prod

163 aggregates (SAs) in the outflow from a major wildfire in India.

164 The impacts of escalating wildfire in many regions - the lives and homes lost, the

165 This fire was the largest wildfire in recorded history in Colorado, USA.

166 ned in two river basins impacted by a severe wildfire in southern Alberta, Canada.

167 nto a PyOM production of ~100 Tg C yr(-1) by wildfire in the global boreal regions, more than five ti

168 (PM2.5) were collected surrounding a two-day wildfire in the McFaddin National Wildlife Refuge, 125 k

169 The economic and ecological costs of wildfire in the United States have risen substantially i

170 Large wildfires in California cause significant socioecologica

171 ange in the fire regime toward larger spring wildfires in eastern boreal North America.

172 ct on air quality and population exposure of wildfires in Equatorial Asia during Fall 2015, which wer

173 increases in the occurrence of large, severe wildfires in forested watersheds threaten drinking water

174 Understanding the causes and consequences of wildfires in forests of the western United States requir

175 n increase in the frequency and intensity of wildfires in Indonesia and Borneo, enhancing population

176 nced, long-lasting biogeochemical impacts of wildfires in subalpine forests.

177 The first wildfires in sudden oak death-impacted forests occurred

178 d mineralization rates after stand-replacing wildfires in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Wyoming.

179 Retene, probably depositing following major wildfires in the region, dominated dissolved PAH concent

180 Wildfires in the wildland-urban interface on the Colorad

181 acean ferns, which highlight the presence of wildfires in this early forest ecosystem.

182 Many of the largest wildfires in US history burned in recent decades, and cl

183 e compiled a comprehensive database of large wildfires in western United States forests since 1970 an

184 The wildfire influence for this episode is supported by PM c

185 The wildfire influence is supported by PM2.5 data, the known

186 copicity and radiative forcing in areas with wildfire influence owing to depletion effects on composi

187 several cases with high SMR that are due to wildfire influence.

188 The rate of vegetation recovery from boreal wildfire influences terrestrial carbon cycle processes a

189 , suggesting that these fluxes may represent wildfire inputs.

190 S-II) to evaluate forest response to climate-wildfire interactions under historical (baseline) climat

191 Wildfire is highly responsive to changes in pO2 implying

192 a priori knowledge of where uncharacteristic wildfire is most probable could be used to optimize the

193 Discovery that ignition in wildfires is critically dependent on nonsteady flame con

194 tion to the MDA8 in Reno from the California wildfires is estimated to be 26 ppbv, based on the SMR,

195 is pattern which shows strong parallels with wildfires is incompatible with existing cholera models d

196 , but the long-term biogeochemical legacy of wildfires is poorly understood.

197 urbance regimes (e.g. suppressing floods and wildfires) is a primary mechanism by which exotic specie

198 Donato et al. concluded that logging after wildfire kills natural regeneration and increases fire r

199 by increasing the frequency and intensity of wildfires, leading to large releases of stored carbon.

200 The wildfires maintained prairie-forest ecotones in the Grea

201 ework is based on the recognition that large wildfire management entails recurrent decisions across t

202 Wildfire management in the United States and elsewhere i

203 nalyses examining the economic efficiency of wildfire management.

204 s that can inform public health programs and wildfire management.

205 mpared with pregnancies before and after the wildfires, mean birth weight was estimated to be 7.0 g l

206 Moreover, long-lasting effects from wildfire nullified pulses of sage-grouse population grow

207 In the absence of wildfire, O-horizon Hg decreased by 60% during the 14 ye

208 d soot), have long been recognized in modern wildfire observations but never in a paleo-record, and l

209 largest contributions during the summer when wildfires occur and smaller contributions during the spr

210 fidence interval (CI): -11.8, -2.2] when the wildfire occurred during the third trimester, 9.7 g lowe

211 In 1960-1961, human-ignited wildfires occurred during an extremely dry summer that k

212 ildfire event (n = 747,590) with those where wildfires occurred during the first (n = 60,270), second

213 cles are internally consistent and show that wildfires occurred well after the proposed impact.

214 Wildfire occurrence and intensity are increasing worldwi

215 Large wildfires of increasing frequency and severity threaten

216 The effects of wildfire on drinking water quality are not well understo

217 that may help offset the adverse effects of wildfire on sage-grouse and other wildlife populations.

218 A better understanding of the effects of wildfire on water is needed to develop effective adaptat

219 portant in determining the overall impact of wildfires on air quality, health, and climate.

220 a unique opportunity to study the impact of wildfires on local air quality and biomass burning aeros

221 ted in Las Vegas, NV, the effects of distant wildfires on regional air quality were indicated over a

222 s in boreal forests in China, the effects of wildfires on soil respiration are not yet well understoo

223 ing as a tool to quantify the influence from wildfires on urban O3 concentrations.

224 total soil C and are frequently disturbed by wildfires or fire management.

225 New palynological, wildfire, organic carbon isotope, and atmospheric pCO2 d

226 te driver of habitat loss and fragmentation, wildfires, overhunting and other environmental degradati

227 d fire season and added an average of 40,000 wildfires per year across the United States.

228 be considered alongside climate in national wildfire policy and management.

229 ility as important contributors to increased wildfire potential in recent decades.

230 hibits a high degree of skill in forecasting wildfire probabilities and drought for 10-23 and 10-45 m

231 ariability of precipitation, soil water, and wildfire probabilities in close agreement with observati

232 tains under climate and area burned by large wildfires projected by late 21(st) century.

233 on with corresponding climate-specific large wildfire projections.

234 ely to result in an airburst or trigger wide wildfires proposed by the YDB impact hypothesis.

235 smoldering from flaming combustion in paleo-wildfire reconstructions.

236 e long-term experiment, we quantify the post-wildfire recovery of a northern peatland subjected to de

237 o experience a low intensity, high frequency wildfire regime, which will further deplete the legacy o

238 Climate change is likely to alter wildfire regimes, but the magnitude and timing of potent

239 raphic and seasonal extents of human-ignited wildfires relative to lightning-ignited wildfires.

240 Wildfires release substantial quantities of carbon (C) i

241 aft, critically low streamflow, and enhanced wildfire risk.

242 estore historical fire behavior and mitigate wildfire risk.

243 uency, longer wildfire durations, and longer wildfire seasons.

244 n subalpine forests affected few measures of wildfire severity and did not hinder the ability of lodg

245 We examined the effects of wildfire severity on bats, a taxon of high conservation

246 ave resulted in increases in area burned and wildfire severity-a trend predicted to continue.

247 management in regions prone to human-started wildfires should be a focus of United States policy to r

248 y how projected changes in climate and large wildfire size would alter forest communities and carbon

249 eater climatic variability tends to increase wildfire size, particularly in Australia, where alternat

250 evidence of health effects from exposure to wildfire smoke and to identify susceptible populations.

251 Wildfire smoke contains numerous hazardous air pollutant

252 health forecast-based interventions during a wildfire smoke episode in rural North Carolina to show t

253 tent evidence documents associations between wildfire smoke exposure and general respiratory health e

254 rom a large number of studies indicates that wildfire smoke exposure is associated with respiratory m

255 wed the scientific literature for studies of wildfire smoke exposure on mortality and on respiratory,

256 Critical review of health impacts of wildfire smoke exposure.

257 ation subgroups that are more susceptible to wildfire smoke exposure.

258 sks of health effects from air pollution and wildfire smoke exposures.

259 e to adverse health effects from exposure to wildfire smoke may help prepare responses, increase the

260 episode indicates that the presence of aged wildfire smoke may interact with freshly emitted ultrafi

261 Exposure to wildfire smoke was associated with increased eye and res

262 creased risks of respiratory admissions from wildfire smoke was significantly higher for women than f

263 n 1 smoke wave (high-pollution episodes from wildfire smoke).

264 cardiovascular outcomes are associated with wildfire smoke, and if certain populations are more susc

265 ons are more vulnerable to health risks from wildfire smoke, including those associated with fine par

266 h causes of mortality may be associated with wildfire smoke, whether cardiovascular outcomes are asso

267 esent additional observations of soot SAs in wildfire smoke-laden air masses over Northern California

268 yrogenic carbon is widespread in soil due to wildfires, soot deposition, and intentional amendment of

269 as the associations between the presence of wildfire-specific fine particles and the amount of hospi

270 at multiple scales that appear to reveal how wildfire spread derives from the tight coupling between

271 We assumed climate and wildfire stabilize at late-21(st) century conditions (20

272 he risk of disasters associated with floods, wildfires, storm waves, and droughts.

273 glass-like carbon, which is produced during wildfires, suggests that these nanodiamonds might have f

274 luences global wildfire activity, and recent wildfire surges may signal fire weather-induced pyrogeog

275 dictor of the recovery of productivity after wildfire than the functional diversity of seed mass or s

276 d consequently emitted less C as a result of wildfires than no-management.

277 m in northern Arizona showed that an intense wildfire that converted forest into sparse grassland shi

278 t are threatened by larger and more frequent wildfires that can kill sagebrush and facilitate invasio

279 luate over 1.5 million government records of wildfires that had to be extinguished or managed by stat

280 ed communities who face the inevitability of wildfires the ability to reduce the potential for loss.

281 After a forest wildfire, the microbial communities have a transient alt

282 wildfire and restoration of areas burned by wildfire through fire suppression and fuels management.

283 If wildfire trends continue unabated, model projections ind

284 g that fuels reduction cannot alter regional wildfire trends; (ii) targeting fuels reduction to incre

285 el loads control the occurrence of different wildfire types and precipitation may play a key role.

286 alifornia on emission projections from large wildfires under six future climate scenarios.

287 trations during the 2008 northern California wildfires using 10-fold cross-validation (CV) to select

288 to quantify the coupling of SAM and regional wildfire variability using recently created multicentury

289 Loss of soil Hg due to the 200,000 ha wildfire was more than four times the annual atmospheric

290 regnancy during the 2003 Southern California wildfires was associated with slightly reduced average b

291 fire suppression, the number and impacts of wildfires was reduced as only catastrophic fires were al

292 ice used to reduce the likelihood of intense wildfires, was rapid.

293 pathogen, Phytophthora ramorum, survived the wildfires, we completed intensive vegetation-based surve

294 To better understand O3 produced from wildfires, we developed a statistical model that estimat

295 The frequency of extreme wildfire weather will increase with continued warming, b

296 Human-started wildfires were dominant (>80% of ignitions) in over 5.1

297 rd exotic-dominated communities after severe wildfire when a suitable exotic seed source is present.

298 tes were burned by moderate to high severity wildfires when storm tracks were displaced north, and th

299 icantly more severe forest floor burn during wildfire, which significantly enhanced Hg emission.

300 Recent bursts in the incidence of large wildfires worldwide have raised concerns about the influ