ライフサイエンスコーパス: woodchuck

1 one liver sample from a liver tumor-positive woodchuck.

2 ovel Helicobacter sp. strain isolated from a woodchuck.

3 ted less frequently) compared with resolving woodchucks.

4 , were never in excess of those in resolving woodchucks.

5 till increased compared to that of resolving woodchucks.

6 and incomplete compared to that of resolved woodchucks.

7 proteasome, and studied their infectivity in woodchucks.

8 inst WHV replication in chronically infected woodchucks.

9 ings in the final stages of FIAU toxicity in woodchucks.

10 cing WHV-DNA levels in serum in WHV-infected woodchucks.

11 compared with normal liver from WHV-infected woodchucks.

12 om acute infection or in those of uninfected woodchucks.

13 from X/c-myc bitransgenics and WHV-infected woodchucks.

14 and woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV)-infected woodchucks.

15 ound in chronically infected chimpanzees and woodchucks.

16 ivers of WHV-infected control or ETV-treated woodchucks.

17 d during immune clearance in the ETV-treated woodchucks.

18 ce productive acute infection in naive adult woodchucks.

19 8-week-old weanlings (33% chronic) and adult woodchucks (0% chronic; i.e., all resolved).

20 rcent chronic of total infected) in neonatal woodchucks (1-3 days old).

21 from 20 (17 WHV-infected and 3 noninfected) woodchucks, 10 with WHV-associated hepatic tumors and 10

22 ectious virus (approximately 10(7.7)-10(9.5) woodchuck 50% infectious doses per milliliter [WID(50%)/

23 cytotoxic activities on both mouse L929B and woodchuck A2 cells in the presence of actinomycin D.

24 HV-infected hepatocytes from chronic carrier woodchucks also established a persistent infection in uP

25 inate overexpression of N-myc2 and IGF-II in woodchuck altered hepatic foci may allow cells which oth

26 yzed RNAs were from the liver of an infected woodchuck and from a liver cell line at 6 days after tra

27 ral nucleoside therapy has been shown in the woodchuck, and "proof of principal" has been established

28 ing HDV replication in hepatocytes of human, woodchuck, and mouse origin, no approximately 21-nt RNAs

29 and HCCs collected from three superinfected woodchucks, and (iii) finding WHVNY DNA replication inte

30 pression was inoculated into WHV-susceptible woodchucks, and a productive infection was demonstrated.

31 ication in transfected cells and in infected woodchucks, and as was previously reported, patients inf

32 (WHx) is required for infectivity of WHV in woodchucks, and the gene encodes a broadly acting transc

33 reporter genes first was evaluated in normal woodchucks, and then the immunogenicity of an analog woo

34 e liver of woodchuck hepatitis virus carrier woodchucks, and these genes continue to be overexpressed

35 g with potent antiviral efficacy, and in the woodchuck animal model it also decreased hepatitis B vir

36 cies from the serum and liver of an infected woodchuck as well as deltaAg species expressed in and se

37 re firmly establish chronic WHV infection in woodchucks as an accurate and predictive model for antiv

38 huck hepatitis virus (WHV)-infected neonatal woodchucks at 2 time points before the self-limited or c

39 A replication intermediates in three of four woodchucks at 2 weeks after adenovirus infection.

40 Woodchucks became seronegative for anti-WHs 3-6 years la

41 extracted from the liver of an HDV-infected woodchuck, behaved as if it contained a 5'-cap structure

42 Induction of hepatocellular carcinoma in woodchucks by woodchuck hepatitis virus is associated wi

43 It suggests the woodchuck can be a useful model for the study of the acq

44 Woodchuck cDNA and genomic DNA libraries were screened w

45 integrated viral DNA in the livers of three woodchucks chronically infected with the woodchuck hepat

46 Woodchucks chronically infected with the woodchuck hepat

47 Conventional vaccination of woodchucks chronically infected with the woodchuck hepat

48 irus (WHV), serve as a model for HBV because woodchucks chronically infected with WHV also develop he

49 o-5-methyl-beta-L-arabinofuranosyluracil) to woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis

50 e analogue with potent antiviral efficacy in woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis

51 Using woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis

52 udy, we asked how these losses compared when woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis

53 Laboratory reared woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis

54 We found that livers from woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis

55 pheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis

56 When woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis

57 A woodchuck-derived hepatitis delta virus (HDV) inoculum w

58 In this report, we show that woodchucks diagnosed with HCC have dramatically higher l

59 e progressively severe, and all FIAU-treated woodchucks died or were euthanized 78 to 111 days after

60 pared to virions harvested from WHV-infected woodchucks during either (i) early chronic infection, wh

61 r tissues obtained from transiently infected woodchucks during the critical phase of the recovery per

62 The woodchucks experienced significant dose dependent decrea

63 Hepatic biopsies from woodchucks experimentally inoculated with WHV were exami

64 une response to WHxAg was documented in some woodchucks following acute WHV infection.

65 livers and HCCs from a panel of WHV carrier woodchucks for the presence of WHx by utilizing an immun

66 expansion could not be explored because the woodchuck genome has not yet been sequenced.

67 ion, half of the surgically treated infected woodchucks had developed self-limited infections, while

68 Resolving woodchucks had robust, acute-phase vCMI to WHV antigens

69 In order to determine if woodchucks harbor a Helicobacter sp. that might play a r

70 Woodchuck HBV mutants that lack HBx are unable to replic

71 he same was observed with the HBx protein of woodchuck HBV.

72 Both in human and woodchuck HCC cell lines, separate treatments with antis

73 The apparent absence of WHx in some woodchuck HCCs indicates that WHx may not be required to

74 we have developed the core protein from the woodchuck hepadnavirus (WHcAg) as a new particulate carr

75 variants of this epitope within a versatile woodchuck hepadnavirus core-based virus-like particle (W

76 cent studies on the X protein encoded by the woodchuck hepadnavirus have provided correlative evidenc

77 X/p53 complexes in vivo and in vitro in the woodchuck hepadnavirus system, combined with analogous d

78 an be made to replicate in woodchucks, using woodchuck hepatitis B virus as a helper virus.

79 odchucks undergoing clearance of a transient woodchuck hepatitis infection by determining the fate of

80 n of either normal saline (n = 30), AAV-BDNF-woodchuck hepatitis posttranscriptional regulatory eleme

81 The cis-acting element found in the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) (the WHV posttranscripti

82 t were chronically infected with HBV-related woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and already developed HC

83 but not other animal hepadnaviruses, such as woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and duck hepatitis B vir

84 The woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and its natural host, th

85 The woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and its natural host, th

86 (HCC) associated with chronic infection with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and serve as a model of

87 g woodchuck hepatocytes were infectable with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and showed WHV replicati

88 demonstrated that the X-deficient mutants of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) are not completely repli

89 When woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) are superinfected with H

90 chucks were infected experimentally with the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) at 3 days of age.

91 an initial experiment, groups of six chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) carrier woodchucks recei

92 Woodchucks infected at birth with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) cleared viremia and deve

93 rs from woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) contained covalently clo

94 A small region in the capsid protein of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) contains four hydrophobi

95 Integrations of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) DNA and rearrangements o

96 WH44KA cells contain a single woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) DNA integration in the 3

97 We have recently described HBV and woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) dominant negative (DN) c

98 Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) efficiently induces hepa

99 of woodchucks chronically infected with the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) elicited differential T-

100 Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) enhancer II (EnII) is lo

101 hucks that were experimentally infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) for 4 weeks by intraperi

102 201 to 205 of the pre-S envelope protein of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) form a conserved amino a

103 cil) to woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) induces a transient decl

104 es of neonatal woodchucks with self-limiting woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection to those woodc

105 xamined and compared with other markers of a woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection using rabbit a

106 Liver tissue from woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection was assayed fo

107 self-limited (resolved) and chronic neonatal woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection.

108 -mediated immunity (vCMI) following neonatal woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection.

109 ions of these cytokines during the course of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection.

110 ocyte turnover during clearance of transient woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infections.

111 Accordingly, several woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) inocula were characteriz

112 Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) is prone to aberrant ass

113 Woodchucks (Marmota monax) infected with the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) represent the best anima

114 ks, and then the immunogenicity of an analog woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) surface antigen (WHsAg)

115 red by testing the ability of the virions of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) to induce productive acu

116 reared woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) were treated with N-nony

117 Woodchucks chronically infected with the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) were treated with the an

118 The woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) X gene (WHx) is required

119 In this study, we generated a series of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) X mutants, including mut

120 ubcellular distribution and the stability of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) X protein (WHx) in prima

121 Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), a close relative of hum

122 k (Marmota monax) is naturally infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), a hepadnavirus closely

123 nfected with a closely related hepadnavirus, woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), serve as a model for HB

124 Using woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), we investigated the con

125 We find that the closely related woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), which has been shown to

126 cal biopsies of the liver were obtained from woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV)-infected neonatal woodch

127 er tumors from X/c-myc bitransgenic mice and woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV)-infected woodchucks.

128 was not demonstrated for HBV or HBV-related woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV).

129 -transcriptional regulatory element from the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WPRE).

130 chuck ( Marmota monax ) harbors a DNA virus (Woodchuck hepatitis virus [WHV]) that is similar in stru

131 e cultures following in vitro infection with woodchuck hepatitis virus and treatment with inhibitors

132 ed from woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus and vaccinated with woodchuck

133 ree woodchucks chronically infected with the woodchuck hepatitis virus before and during 30 weeks of

134 recancerous lesions observed in the liver of woodchuck hepatitis virus carrier woodchucks, and these

135 Analysis of several HBV/woodchuck hepatitis virus chimeras corroborated the find

136 ks (Marmota monax) chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus contained at least 100,000 clo

137 replication, and intrahepatic expression of woodchuck hepatitis virus core antigen (WHcAg) in a dose

138 tory acting RNA element (WPRE), derived from woodchuck hepatitis virus in combination with an antibod

139 gulation was similarly observed during acute woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.

140 of hepatocellular carcinoma in woodchucks by woodchuck hepatitis virus is associated with the activat

141 A related element from woodchuck hepatitis virus is known as the woodchuck post

142 ciated virus-mouse phenylalanine hydroxylase-woodchuck hepatitis virus post-transcriptional response

143 th 4 erythroid enhancers with or without the woodchuck hepatitis virus postregulatory element (WPRE)

144 on than its sc counterpart, which lacked the woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulatory

145 The woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulatory

146 in nonhepatoma cells are not able to support woodchuck hepatitis virus replication.

147 oodchuck hepatitis virus and vaccinated with woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen could be induc

148 ed when woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus were treated with L-FMAU [1-(2

149 Cotranslation of woodchuck p53 with woodchuck hepatitis virus X antigen, followed by immunop

150 Expression of the woodchuck hepatitis virus X gene in alpha ML cells does

151 The expression and localization of the woodchuck hepatitis virus X-antigen (WHxAg) was examined

152 ), two hepadnaviruses (hepatitis B virus and woodchuck hepatitis virus), and an intron-retaining tran

153 that in the livers chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus, (i) hepadnavirus superinfecti

154 h includes human Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Woodchuck hepatitis virus.

155 cacy in woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus.

156 et-like region in the mammalian hepadnavirus woodchuck hepatitis virus.

157 ted with HBV and of woodchucks infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus.

158 woodchuck that was chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus.

159 investigated the function of these genes in woodchuck hepatocarcinogenesis by using a woodchuck live

160 ased expression in 100% of primary human and woodchuck hepatocellular carcinomas surveyed.

161 We have therefore measured cccDNA levels in woodchuck hepatocyte cultures following in vitro infecti

162 4) to 8 X 10(4) molecules of WHx per primary woodchuck hepatocyte.

163 that wHDV infects not only cultured primary woodchuck hepatocytes (PWH) but also primary human hepat

164 ishes a persistent noncytotoxic infection of woodchuck hepatocytes in uPA/RAG-2 chimeric mouse livers

165 we developed a mouse model by transplanting woodchuck hepatocytes into the liver of mice that contai

166 Normal adult woodchuck hepatocytes proliferated and reconstituted up

167 uPA/RAG-2 mice containing woodchuck hepatocytes were infectable with woodchuck hep

168 The woodchuck hepatocytes were transplanted via intrasplenic

169 e cytoplasm but not in the nuclei of primary woodchuck hepatocytes.

170 Cell line WH44KA is a highly malignant woodchuck hepatoma cell line.

171 o maintain the malignant phenotype of WH44KA woodchuck hepatoma cells and provide a direct function f

172 The polypeptide encoded by each gene among woodchucks, humans and mice can differ: the human TNF, L

173 -alpha and LT-beta genes are identical among woodchucks, humans and mice, except that the human LT-be

174 i-gp130 monoclonal antibody, suggesting that woodchuck IL-6 activity is specifically mediated by sign

175 demonstrate biologic activity, we expressed woodchuck IL-6 and showed that the purified recombinant

176 To further understand woodchuck IL-6 biology, we cloned and characterized the

177 Cloning of the woodchuck IL-6 gene and demonstrating biologic activity

178 The woodchuck IL-6 gene encodes a polypeptide of 207 amino a

179 The complete woodchuck IL-6 gene is about 7 kb and consists of five e

180 The inhibitory effect of woodchuck IL-6 on M1 cells was blocked by an anti-gp130

181 ude higher than that in transiently infected woodchucks, implying that integration and other genomic

182 Half the woodchucks in each group then received four injections o

183 Woodchucks infected at birth with woodchuck hepatitis vi

184 Woodchucks infected with a closely related hepadnavirus,

185 panzees chronically infected with HBV and of woodchucks infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus.

186 Woodchuck is an important animal model for studying huma

187 The IL-6 gene organization of the woodchuck is similar to those of the human, rat, and mou

188 The woodchuck is used as an animal model for studying chroni

189 inst WHV replication in chronically infected woodchucks is described.

190 lysis were determined to be identical to the woodchuck isolate.

191 These included replication in woodchuck liver and also in mouse liver and skeletal mus

192 in woodchuck hepatocarcinogenesis by using a woodchuck liver epithelial cell line (WC-3).

193 chain reaction of total RNA from two normal woodchuck livers.

194 a study was undertaken to determine whether woodchucks' livers were infected with a Helicobacter sp.

195 pecifically expressed in the placenta of the woodchuck Marmota monax, at the level of cells fusing in

196 The Eastern woodchuck ( Marmota monax ) harbors a DNA virus (Woodchu

197 The Eastern woodchuck (Marmota monax) is naturally infected with woo

198 irus (WHV) and its natural host, the Eastern woodchuck (Marmota monax), have been established as a mo

199 irus (WHV) and its natural host, the Eastern woodchuck (Marmota monax), have been established as a pr

200 The model we have used is the woodchuck (Marmota monax), which shares similarities in

201 rmota Himalayana hepatovirus (MHHAV) in wild woodchucks (Marmota Himalayana) in China.

202 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of Eastern woodchucks (Marmota monax) chronically infected with WHV

203 dy suggested that the livers of 2.4-year-old woodchucks (Marmota monax) chronically infected with woo

204 Woodchucks (Marmota monax) have a high incidence of hepa

205 Woodchucks (Marmota monax) infected with the woodchuck h

206 Woodchucks (Marmota monax) that were chronically infecte

207 Chronic HDV infection in woodchucks may result from a delayed and weak immune res

208 Using the newly developed custom woodchuck microarray platform, we compared the intrahepa

209 tome, together with the generation of custom woodchuck microarrays.

210 ata establish the translational value of the woodchuck model and provide new insight into immune path

211 ties, and their therapeutic potential in the woodchuck model for human hepatitis B virus (HBV).

212 The woodchuck model has been important in the preclinical ev

213 (N-nonyl-DNJ), had antiviral activity in the woodchuck model of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infec

214 These studies further define the woodchuck model of HBV infection and should allow for th

215 The woodchuck model of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection dis

216 The woodchuck model of viral-induced HCC has been used effec

217 her experimental antiviral agents in the WHV/woodchuck model system.

218 ead/superinfection (observed recently in the woodchuck model) are not due to the diminished infectivi

219 Underscoring the translational value of the woodchuck model, this study also determined that WHV-ind

220 With the woodchuck model, we demonstrated that the X-deficient mu

221 humans can be studied experimentally in the woodchuck model.

222 studies of human hepatitis B virus using the woodchuck model.

223 scans of 11C-choline were acquired using the woodchuck models of HCC.

224 the 3' untranslated region of exon 3 of the woodchuck N-myc1 gene.

225 with a retroviral vector overexpressing the woodchuck N-myc2 gene display a higher proliferation rat

226 on role in hepadnavirus-associated tumors in woodchucks or causes enterohepatic disease in cats.

227 with a monoclonal antibody (12.8.5) against woodchuck oval cells, suggesting a lineage relationship

228 Cotranslation of woodchuck p53 with woodchuck hepatitis virus X antigen,

229 om woodchuck hepatitis virus is known as the woodchuck posttranscriptional regulatory element (WPRE).

230 uck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection to those woodchucks progressing to persistent WHV infection.

231 onic woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) carrier woodchucks received daily doses of FIAU by intraperitone

232 consequences of prolonged virus suppression, woodchucks received ETV orally for 8 weeks and then week

233 All woodchucks receiving this inoculum became positive for H

234 on for 12 weeks using cyclosporine A in such woodchucks resulted in transient reactivation of WHV rep

235 Testing of the mutants in susceptible woodchucks revealed that, as expected, viruses with lesi

236 Seven age-matched uninfected woodchucks served as controls.

237 umans treated with FIAU, suggesting that the woodchuck should be valuable in future investigations of

238 g in uninfected and WHV chronically infected woodchucks showed a significant increase of intrahepatic

239 (HDV) RNAs in the livers of two HDV-infected woodchucks showed that 96% of the antigenomic RNA but on

240 and genomic DNA libraries were screened with woodchuck-specific DNA probes to isolate the cDNA and ge

241 estimated death rate of hepatocytes in these woodchucks, suggesting that death of infected cells was

242 decreased hepatitis B virus (HBV) cccDNA and woodchuck surface antigen.

243 Serum of 1 woodchuck that became positive for WHV DNA during immuno

244 HDV cDNA clone directly into the liver of a woodchuck that was chronically infected with woodchuck h

245 Almost all woodchucks that become chronic WHV carriers after experi

246 e same time point postinfection, livers from woodchucks that eventually progressed to chronic infecti

247 re related, because they were collected from woodchucks that originally were infected with standardiz

248 G with its lipid prodrug in vivo, we treated woodchucks that were experimentally infected with woodch

249 In the woodchuck, there are four exons for TNF, four exons for

250 in clinical anti-HBV studies in WHV-infected woodchucks, thereby making interpretations of the potent

251 The bacterially expressed woodchuck TNF and LT-alpha proteins exhibited cytotoxic

252 The woodchuck TNF gene promoter contains consensus sequences

253 However, only woodchuck TNF showed cytotoxic activity on human HepG2 c

254 The cDNAs for woodchuck TNF, LT-alpha and LT-beta code for proteins of

255 cell response profile of chronic WHV carrier woodchucks to that seen in prophylactic vaccination and

256 sequencing, assembly, and annotation of the woodchuck transcriptome, together with the generation of

257 and, after 8 weeks, the mean body weights of woodchucks treated with FIAU were significantly lower th

258 igen load, but was significantly enhanced in woodchucks treated with L-FMAU and was broadened to incl

259 We cloned and characterized the woodchuck tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin-al

260 f hepatocyte turnover in the livers of three woodchucks undergoing clearance of a transient woodchuck

261 erimentally, HDV can be made to replicate in woodchucks, using woodchuck hepatitis B virus as a helpe

262 Furthermore, chronic WHV infection in woodchucks usually leads to development of hepatocellula

263 Comparison of precancerous lesions in donor woodchucks versus recipient uPA/RAG-2 mice revealed an e

264 cy of integrated DNA in chronically infected woodchucks was found to be 1 or 2 orders of magnitude hi

265 The syndrome of delayed toxicity in woodchucks was similar to that observed previously in hu

266 ection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in woodchucks, we surveyed livers and HCCs from a panel of

267 Livers from uninfected and WHV-infected woodchucks were examined to determine if pgp was express

268 t, groups of nine WHV carriers or uninfected woodchucks were given 1.5 mg/kg/d of FIAU orally for 12

269 Neonatal woodchucks were infected experimentally with the woodchu

270 Neonatal woodchucks were more susceptible to chronic infection by

271 Virus titers in all four woodchucks were only transiently suppressed, suggesting

272 Six weeks after the superinfection, the woodchucks were sacrificed and tissues of the livers and

273 One week after surgery the WHV carrier woodchucks were superinfected with WHV-enveloped HDV (wH

274 Based on these results, woodchucks were treated with IL-12 in combination with a

275 Eight infected woodchucks were treated with lamivudine and four were in

276 Woodchucks were used to study the antiviral activity and

277 hepadnavirus core proteins derived from the woodchuck (WHcAg), ground squirrel (GScAg), and arctic s

278 Three woodchucks, which were chronically infected with the str

279 th declined about two- to threefold in those woodchucks, while mRNA levels for gamma interferon and t

280 Clonal amplification of hepatocytes from a woodchuck with hepatocellular carcinomas was demonstrate

281 growth advantage in hepatocarcinogenesis of woodchucks with chronic WHV infection.

282 Liver tissue from woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV)

283 CDI was performed in vivo in five woodchucks with natural hepatomas and in 12 rabbits befo

284 Thus, the EP-based vaccination of normal woodchucks with pDNA-WHsAg induced a skew in the Th1/Th2

285 n (WHx) in primary hepatocytes isolated from woodchucks with persistent WHV infection.

286 hepatic transcriptional profiles of neonatal woodchucks with self-limiting woodchuck hepatitis virus

287 ed these questions by asking if treatment of woodchucks with the nucleoside analog inhibitor of viral

288 re alpha-1,6-linked fucose, as compared with woodchucks without a diagnosis of HCC.