ライフサイエンスコーパス: xanthine

1 facilitate its excision of hypoxanthine and xanthine.

2 lacement with Ala allows efficient uptake of xanthine.

3 lxanthines via sequential N-demethylation to xanthine.

4 deamination of isoguanine (2-oxoadenine) to xanthine.

5 nous levels of the small molecule metabolite xanthine.

6 hydroxylation at C-2 of substrate, yielding xanthine.

7 n of guanine, resulting in the production of xanthine.

8 xanthine were subsequently N demethylated to xanthine.

9 , rapid, reliable and selective detection of xanthine.

10 f UapA (UapA-G411VDelta1-11) in complex with xanthine.

11 Oxidative stress in rats was produced by xanthine (0.1%; drinking water) and xanthine oxidase (5

12 nhanced in the presence of the XOR substrate xanthine (10 micromol/L) and attenuated by the XOR inhib

13 ew 1,3-symmetrically (R 1 = R 3) substituted xanthines ( 3 and 4) which have high affinity and select

14 ed by 8-(3-hydroxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-xanthine 80 displaying very high affinity at A(2B)AR wit

15 Remarkably, xanthine accumulates to similar levels in the xdh mutant

16 anthine dehydrogenase, which metabolizes the xanthine accumulating in infected erythrocytes to uric a

17 s demonstrated increased acetate, adenosine, xanthine, acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate and betaine in

18 The well-known stimulant caffeine, and its xanthine alkaloid precursors, has evolved multiple times

19 n of unprotected bidentate chelating ligand, xanthine alkaloids, nucleosides, and related antiviral d

20 acetamide (MRS1220) at the A(3) receptor and xanthine amine congener (XAC) and XAC-X-BY630 at the A(1

21 iated slowly from the A3AR, but inclusion of xanthine amine congener (XAC) or VUF 5455 during washout

22 ts and antagonists [15-, 9-, and 19-fold for xanthine amine congener (XAC), 5'-(N-ethyl carboxamido)a

23 the active state receptor; inverse agonists (xanthine amine congener, ZM241385, SCH58261, and prelade

24 y recognition of the disease, institution of xanthine analog therapy to block the formation of 2,8-di

25 sothermal calorimetry using xanthine and the xanthine analogue 1,7-dimethylxanthine.

26 electrochemical signals ascribed to guanine/xanthine and adenine/hypoxanthine in human hepatoma (Hep

27 e catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and also xanthine to uric acid by an oxidative

28 neity was observed for comparisons involving xanthine and ischemic preconditioning, although the impa

29 O biosensor can detect as low as 1.31 muM of xanthine and lower Km value of 0.018 muM confirming its

30 s obtained with isothermal calorimetry using xanthine and the xanthine analogue 1,7-dimethylxanthine.

31 e catabolism by converting hypoxanthine into xanthine and then further into uric acid.

32 The data demonstrate that xanthine and uric acid, both physiologically occurring o

33 vel concept emerging from this study is that xanthine and/or uric acid may have a role in the regulat

34 usters: COG2233, represented by well studied xanthine and/or uric acid permeases, and COG2252, consis

35 tereodynamics of some 1-aryl and 1,3-bisaryl-xanthines and describes the steric requirements needed t

36 oorella thermoacetica, deaminates guanine to xanthine, and another subgroup, exemplified by Avi5431 f

37 disease biomarkers urinary S-sulphocysteine, xanthine, and urate returned to almost normal concentrat

38 lar role amino acids in the Escherichia coli xanthine- and uric acid-transporting homologs (XanQ and

39 Caffeine and other N-methylated xanthines are natural products found in many foods, beve

40 ntermediates as well as a failure to utilize xanthine as a sole source of nitrogen.

41 (EndoQ), recognizes uracil, abasic site and xanthine, as well as hypoxanthine, and cuts the phosphod

42 t also shows a low capacity for transport of xanthine at 37 degrees C but not at 25 degrees C.

43 e levels of inosine, lysine, putrescine, and xanthine at the gingivitis sites as early as week 1.

44 the potent antagonist effect of 8-pyrazolyl-xanthines at human A(2B)AR, a new series of compounds wa

45 ean force indicates that the double-stranded xanthine base pairs have a relatively narrow energetic d

46 hich NADH binds is distinct from that of the xanthine binding site.

47 w detection limit 0.12 muM obtained from the xanthine biosensor gives reliable results in measuring x

48 (EPG) electrode to construct a hypoxanthine/xanthine biosensor that functions at physiological pH.

49 s UapA in an inward-facing conformation with xanthine bound to residues in the core domain.

50 ds only to urate and, to a lesser extent, to xanthine by attenuated DNA binding, compared to other in

51 The oxidation of xanthine by xanthine oxidase (XO) or xanthine dehydrogen

52 as used to determine seven catechins and one xanthine (caffeine) in tea.

53 of antioxidant micronutrients (tocopherols, xanthines, carotenes, and lycopene), and antioxidant enz

54 ons with the C2 carbonyl oxygen in uracil or xanthine, cause substantial reductions in XDG and UDG ac

55 o the identification of a series of pyrazole-xanthine compounds with a simplified structure, exemplif

56 mproved sensor has widest detection range of xanthine concentration from 1 to 500 microM and excellen

57 iosensor gives reliable results in measuring xanthine concentration in the fish meat.

58 n response showed a linear dependence on the xanthine concentration ranging from 1.0 x 10(-5) to 1.8

59 While neither homovanillic acid nor xanthine concentrations differentiated Parkinson's disea

60 nthine than uracil and is active against all xanthine-containing DNA (C/X, T/X, G/X, A/X and single-s

61 g on all double-stranded and single-stranded xanthine-containing DNA.

62 evant compounds and suggest that a subset of xanthines could be developed as combination therapy to i

63 Using lysosomal inhibitors, we found that xanthines decreased ABCG2 by inducing its rapid internal

64 The bacterial xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) from Rhodobacter capsulatus

65 g a single pyranopterin belong to either the xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) or sulfite oxidase (SUOX) f

66 The uox mutant phenotype is suppressed in a xanthine dehydrogenase (xdh) uox double mutant, demonstr

67 that the rosy (ry) gene encoding the enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), which catalyzes the final

68 ergently oriented from xdhABC, which encodes xanthine dehydrogenase (Xdh).

69 Aedesaegypti has 2 genes encoding xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH).

70 xidoreductase 2 (NQO2), and xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase (XO/XDH) also contribute to the b

71 Xanthine dehydrogenase activity correlates with the pres

72 ncurrently, the expression of genes encoding xanthine dehydrogenase and ammonia transporter (Rhesus 5

73 or yiiM did not affect the activity of human xanthine dehydrogenase expressed in E. coli, suggesting

74 inetic properties of an E232Q variant of the xanthine dehydrogenase from Rhodobacter capsulatus have

75 was only partially decreased in activity and xanthine dehydrogenase not at all.

76 The gene encoding Streptomyces coelicolor xanthine dehydrogenase regulator (XdhR) is divergently o

77 tion of xanthine by xanthine oxidase (XO) or xanthine dehydrogenase represents an important source of

78 Conventionally, xanthine dehydrogenase, a broadly distributed molybdofla

79 xanthine oxidase (XO), the oxidized form of xanthine dehydrogenase, resulting in the formation of ur

80 ith generation of reactive oxygen species by xanthine dehydrogenase, we propose that PecS functions u

81 that type I IFN supports the upregulation of xanthine dehydrogenase, which metabolizes the xanthine a

82 Xanthine dehydrogenase-1 silencing in Aedes aegypti mosq

83 and GTP) turnover and nitrogen recycling via xanthine dehydrogenase.

84 nt proteins directly bind to GRXS17, such as XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE1 (XDH1), involved in the purine s

85 n, BRD4(BD1), identified an acetylated-mimic xanthine derivative inhibitor.

86 The xanthine derivative rapidly and dose-dependently activat

87 at modulating glial physiology with atypical xanthine derivatives like PPF is a potential avenue for

88 Structure-activity studies of xanthine derivatives provided information concerning the

89 Here we show that a family of xanthine derivatives selectively inhibit AEP and suppres

90 We validate comparative predictions for xanthine derivatives with new experimental data and lite

91 tracts led us to detect a previously unknown xanthine DNA glycosylase (XDG) activity in E. coli.

92 acting on G/I, T/I, and A/I base pairs and a xanthine DNA glycosylase acting on all double-stranded a

93 we report a biochemical characterization of xanthine DNA glycosylase activity in MUG.

94 uman SMUG1 enzyme are not only UDGs but also xanthine DNA glycosylases (XDGs).

95 rbonate (NaHCO3), NAC+NaHCO3, ascorbic acid, xanthine, dopaminergic agent, peripheral ischemic precon

96 A(1)R antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentyl xanthine (DPCPX).

97 econcentration of two important carcinogenic xanthine dyes named rhodamine-B (RB) and rhodamine-6G (R

98 abolite of dopamine) and the purine compound xanthine for a comparison of 217 unmedicated Parkinson's

99 that incorporates a transgene, the bacterial xanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene (gpt),

100 c) cells possess two purine salvage enzymes: xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (XGPRT) and h

101 The uric acid/xanthine H(+) symporter, UapA, is a high-affinity purine

102 For controls, the mean [xanthine]/[homovanillic acid] quotient was 13.1+/-5.5 as

103 The [xanthine]/[homovanillic acid] ratio also increased betwe

104 The [xanthine]/[homovanillic acid] ratio in the Parkinson's d

105 ase purine nucleotide metabolites, including xanthine, hypoxanthine, and inosine are elevated.

106 ds (lactic acid, nicotinamide, 5-oxoproline, xanthine, hypoxanthine, glucose, malic acid, and adenine

107 es a guanine deaminase to convert guanine to xanthine in animals, invertebrates, and microorganisms.

108 d on the basis of the binding of guanine and xanthine in the active site of guanine deaminase.

109 In this study, we found that a group of xanthines including caffeine, theophylline, and dyphylli

110 sed the putative bioactive conformation of a xanthine inhibitor for scaffold hopping.

111 Documentation of the 14-3-3 zeta-xanthine interaction was obtained with isothermal calori

112 amination: incorporation of hypoxanthine and xanthine into DNA and RNA caused by defects in purine nu

113 Xanthine is a planar framework in which an aryl substitu

114 a high variability as well elevated level of xanthine is an important biomarker as a sign of spoilage

115 imiting rate constant for reduction at high [xanthine], is significantly compromised in the variant,

116 chalcones, pyrazoles, chromones, coumarins, xanthines, isatin derivatives, thiazolidindiones, (thiaz

117 Conversely, modest changes in xanthine levels were observed in RNA (but not DNA) from

118 na plants using either caffeine synthase- or xanthine methyltransferase-like enzymes.

119 ts, it also incorporates a covalently linked xanthine moiety into its parent structure.

120 Although xanthine, NAC, NaHCO3, NAC+NaHCO3, ischemic precondition

121 ectrode shows a very low detection limit for xanthine of 0.25 nM (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) using co

122 ure in which G60Y blocks the entry of either xanthine or uracil to the base binding pocket.

123 Among various oxypurines tested, only IBMX, xanthine, or uric acid significantly increased the appar

124 duced by xanthine (0.1%; drinking water) and xanthine oxidase (5 U/kg; i.p.).

125 The formaldehyde-inhibited Mo(V) state of xanthine oxidase (I) has been studied for four decades,

126 This was accompanied by increases in xanthine oxidase (P<0.001) and NADPH oxidase (P<0.05), m

127 ) compound related to the very rapid form of xanthine oxidase (VR-XnO) is reported.

128 sociated with oxidative stress and increased xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, an important source of r

129 Xanthine oxidase (XO) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-I

130 In previous work, we identified xanthine oxidase (XO) as an important enzyme in the inte

131 re, we investigated whether ROS derived from xanthine oxidase (XO) contribute to the fetal peripheral

132 er optic xanthine sensor using entrapment of xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme in several nanostructures o

133 Islet xanthine oxidase (XO) expression was increased in 15-mo

134 ence of NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors and the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor allopurinol and in NOS-3

135 hypothesis that acute administration of the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor allopurinol improves car

136 Administration of the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor oxypurinol or aldehyde o

137 This study evaluated whether a xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor, oxypurinol, produces cl

138 was to estimate the phenolic composition and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity of green coffe

139 The oxidation of xanthine by xanthine oxidase (XO) or xanthine dehydrogenase represen

140 ed this question by blocking the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), a superoxide-generating enzyme th

141 Xanthine oxidase (XO), also known as xanthine oxidoreduc

142 lations evoked by a O2 donor, xanthine (X) + xanthine oxidase (XO), dose-dependently.

143 iated by a rapid increase in the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), the oxidized form of xanthine deh

144 The ROS donor hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase (XO/HX) and the JNK activator ANISO ant

145 The sensor was developed by entrapment of xanthine oxidase (XOD) and ferrocene carboxylic acid (Fc

146 Xanthine oxidase (XOD) is an enzyme which plays a centra

147 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) were co-immobilized via entrapmen

148 roenvironment for direct electrochemistry of xanthine oxidase (XOD).

149 oxidase (GOx), glutamate oxidase (GluOx), or xanthine oxidase (XOD).

150 th nano-interface for sensing xanthine using xanthine oxidase (XOx) has been developed.

151 ion of superoxide anion radicals by reducing xanthine oxidase activity by 38%, 97% and 47%, respectiv

152 rat studies and assay systems were used with xanthine oxidase and activated canine granulocytes to te

153 nalin levels as well as through reduction in xanthine oxidase and dehydrogenase activities.

154 Inspection of melting curves of bovine xanthine oxidase and Entamoeba histolytica cysteine prot

155 superoxide was generated by the reaction of xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine with rates of 0.1-6.0

156 We report that the combination of xanthine oxidase and NADH is toxic to cultures of cerebe

157 Using hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase as the oxidizing method, XRCC1 deficien

158 effect on the cytosolic Fe-S cluster enzyme xanthine oxidase but led to loss of cytosolic aconitase

159 elting of milk fat and the Tdenaturation for xanthine oxidase by 2-3 degrees C.

160 enzyme systems NADPH oxidase by apocynin and xanthine oxidase by allopurinol individually reduced STA

161 al temperatures of fat melting (Tmelting) or xanthine oxidase denaturation (Tdenaturation), whereas t

162 Xanthine oxidase denaturation was approximately 13% less

163 eak, hyponitrosylation of RyR2, and enhanced xanthine oxidase derived superoxide.

164 Inhibition of NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase did not affect the inhibitory actions o

165 s) are homodimeric proteins belonging to the xanthine oxidase family of molybdenum-containing enzymes

166 of aldehyde oxidoreductase, a member of the xanthine oxidase family.

167 SNPs at another 2 loci at the xanthine oxidase gene were also associated with NCPH: rs

168 SNPs at the 5'-nucleotidase and xanthine oxidase genes influence the risk of NCPH in HIV

169 reversal of this phenotype by inhibition of xanthine oxidase has important pathophysiologic and ther

170 Inhibiting xanthine oxidase in hyperuricemic HF patients may improv

171 ng and immunoblotting demonstrated increased xanthine oxidase in MR versus normal subjects (p < 0.05)

172 There was no statistical difference between xanthine oxidase inhibition by rutin before and after hy

173 Xanthine oxidase inhibition restored global and RyR2 nit

174 tion fraction and elevated uric acid levels, xanthine oxidase inhibition with allopurinol failed to i

175 own about the effects on fetal physiology of xanthine oxidase inhibition.

176 intervention or following treatment with an xanthine oxidase inhibitor (allopurinol), a Na(+)/H(+) e

177 This is despite maternal treatment with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol being considered

178 (Exploring the therapeutic potential of xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol in angina; ISRCTN

179 Introducing the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol led to rapid norm

180 Treatment of mothers with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol reduced placental

181 e phosphate oxidase inhibitor), allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor), and ACE8/8 crossed with P67

182 ent include febuxostat, a nonpurine analogue xanthine oxidase inhibitor, and pegloticase, a pegylated

183 Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, can reverse the hypertension

184 Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, has been shown to reduce LV

185 Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, prolongs the time to chest p

186 Febuxostat, a novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor, represents a potential alter

187 Experimental evidence suggests that xanthine oxidase inhibitors can reduce myocardial oxygen

188 Data on the impact of xanthine oxidase inhibitors or uricosurics on clinical h

189 e armamentarium has been eclipsed by that of xanthine oxidase inhibitors.

190 Xanthine oxidase is a molybdenum-containing enzyme catal

191 o monitor the enzyme-catalyzed conversion by xanthine oxidase of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric aci

192 supplementations on adrenalin, noradrenalin, xanthine oxidase plus dehydrogenase (XO + XD) activities

193 on of NO formation profiles between mARC and xanthine oxidase reveals similar Kcat and Vmax values bu

194 an be rationalized by comparing the AOX3 and xanthine oxidase structures.

195 an lung fibroblasts and identified NADPH and xanthine oxidase systems as sources of H(2)O(2) that dri

196 ite host matrix for enzyme immobilization of xanthine oxidase was developed by incorporating MWCNT in

197 olic-II, purine nucleoside phosphorylase and xanthine oxidase) was performed using SNPlex microarray

198 oxidase), or a superoxide-producing oxidase (xanthine oxidase).

199 down also leads to a decrease in activity of xanthine oxidase, a distinct cytosolic Fe-S protein.

200 Inhibiting xanthine oxidase, a major reactive oxygen species (ROS)

201 Finally, xanthine oxidase, a potent superoxide generator, is decr

202 Uric acid is a product of the activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme linked to oxidative stress,

203 luding nitric oxide synthase, NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and complex IV of the mitochondrial el

204 buxostat, a non-purine-analogue inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, by the European Medicines Agency and t

205 Thermodynamics of milk components (milk fat, xanthine oxidase, caseins and whey proteins) in pulsed e

206 ed, structurally assigned Mo(V) species from xanthine oxidase, in conjunction with complementary comp

207 mide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, xanthine oxidase, or mitochondria, are among the most ha

208 ide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase, xanthine oxidase, the mitochondrial electron transport c

209 n the addition of superoxide, generated from xanthine oxidase, to several peptide-derived tyrosyl rad

210 ydrogenase, ADH; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; xanthine oxidase, XOx; glucose oxidase, GOx).

211 We also found that NADPH- and xanthine oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS)

212 m, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species product

213 hypoxic fetus, associated with increases in xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species.

214 allopurinol could be related to its reducing xanthine oxidase-induced OS, and our second aim was to s

215 enzymes alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase.

216 vity and 5 displayed an inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase.

217 nsition pore (PTP), but not by inhibition of xanthine oxidase.

218 ine is effectively converted to uric acid by xanthine oxidase.

219 howed that RH1 was an in vitro substrate for xanthine oxidase.

220 activities of the enzymes AMP deaminase and xanthine oxidase.

221 consumption impairs placental function via a xanthine oxidase/uric acid-dependent mechanism, and simi

222 iboside:quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2), and xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase (XO/XDH) also co

223 nitric oxide synthase, the NAD(P)H oxidases, xanthine oxidases, the mitochondrial permeability transi

224 A broad-substrate-range xanthine-oxidizing enzyme was responsible for the format

225 Butyrophilin 1A1 (BTN1A1) and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) are highly expressed in th

226 d secretes milk lipid by this mechanism, and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) has long been thought to b

227 ive effects of pharmacological inhibitors of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) have implicated XOR in man

228 ctase activity) and could be suppressed with xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibition (i.e., allopuri

229 Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor, abrogated the p

230 Our previous studies suggest that xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an important nitrite re

231 Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) modulates milk lipid secre

232 Although inhibitors of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) or NOX2 NADPH oxidase caus

233 also was associated with increased levels of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), a known nitrite reductase

234 ystemic changes arising from inactivation of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), an enzyme that catalyzes

235 Allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), blocks the oxidation of x

236 of AMP, and generation of uric acid through xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR).

237 ofile depends on endothelial NO synthase and xanthine oxidoreductase -catalyzed reduction of nitrite

238 hereas in cardiac homogenates, NTG inhibited xanthine oxidoreductase activity and scavenged NADPH oxi

239 increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) from xanthine oxidoreductase activity) and could be suppresse

240 e is limited NO production from erythrocytic xanthine oxidoreductase and nitric-oxide synthase.

241 Xanthine oxidoreductase and nitrotyrosine levels were re

242 ant presence of the oxidative stress markers xanthine oxidoreductase and nitrotyrosine, findings that

243 tural analogues of the oxidized sites in the xanthine oxidoreductase enzyme family.

244 The xanthine oxidoreductase gene (XOR) encodes an important

245 Xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition abolished the differe

246 endothelial NO synthase or treated with the xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor allopurinol.

247 Xanthine oxidoreductase is a ubiquitous cytoplasmic prot

248 wering uric acid in these mice by inhibiting xanthine oxidoreductase with allopurinol could improve t

249 the NOS pathway is countered by induction of xanthine oxidoreductase, an enzyme capable of producing

250 Xanthine oxidase (XO), also known as xanthine oxidoreductase, has long been considered an imp

251 catalytic differences characterizing AOX and xanthine oxidoreductase.

252 d to be dependent on the enzymatic action of xanthine oxidoreductase.

253 amma (PPARgamma), and its upstream activator xanthine-oxidoreductase (XOR).

254 feine, and theophylline to 7-methylxanthine, xanthine, paraxanthine, and 1-methylxanthine, respective

255 s, of which the uracil permease UraA and the xanthine permeases XanQ and XanP are functionally known.

256 smodium falciparum (Pf) hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (PfHGXPRT).

257 uanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) and xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (XPRT).

258 ion and purification of hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase from Thermus thermoph

259 from the Bacillus subtilis xpt gene encoding xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, and the S-adenosyl-m

260 Hypoxanthine-guanine-(xanthine) phosphoribosyltransferase (HG(X)PRT) is crucia

261 Hypoxanthine-guanine-[xanthine] phosphoribosyltransferase (HG[X]PRT) is consid

262 in the 1 or 3 position is driven out of the xanthine plane because of the steric hindrance exerted b

263 e cytosol, indicating that GMP catabolism to xanthine proceeds in a mostly cytosolic pathway via guan

264 ine, 3-methylxanthine, 7-methylxanthine, and xanthine, respectively.

265 The xanthine scaffold is known to be the forefather of a cla

266 surface plasmon resonance based fiber optic xanthine sensor using entrapment of xanthine oxidase (XO

267 c function of sensing layer upon exposure to xanthine solution of diverse concentrations, reflected i

268 supported by the corollary that N-methylated xanthines such as caffeine increase brain and behavioral

269 e MUG possesses more robust activity against xanthine than uracil and is active against all xanthine-

270 lting biosensor exhibited a good response to xanthine that was related to the addition of MWCNT in th

271 ne, 3-methylguanine, purine, 6-chloropurine, xanthine) that have not been heretofore examined.

272 ase for demethylation of 7-methylxanthine to xanthine, the final step in caffeine N-demethylation.

273 others encoding enzymes for converting (hypo)xanthine to allantoate.

274 lation reactions to convert hypoxanthine via xanthine to urate.

275 xidoreductase (XOR), blocks the oxidation of xanthine to urate.

276 idation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and also xanthine to uric acid by an oxidative hydroxylation mech

277 atalytically important for the conversion of xanthine to uric acid, play similar roles in hydroxylati

278 rsion by xanthine oxidase of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid.

279 Further structural comparisons with UapA, a xanthine transporter from the nucleobase-ascorbate trans

280 lutamic acid, arginine, N1-acetylspermidine, xanthine, uracil, betaine, symmetric dimethylarginine, a

281 During culture experiments, a xanthine/uracil/vitamin C permease (XUV) was upregulated

282 al biosensor with nano-interface for sensing xanthine using xanthine oxidase (XOx) has been developed

283 thylxanthines were further N demethylated to xanthine via 7-methylxanthine.

284 ffeine N-demethylation pathways converged at xanthine via different methylxanthine intermediates.

285 Xanthine was eventually oxidized to uric acid.

286 conditioning, although the impact of NAC and xanthine was probably influenced by publication bias/sma

287 diimine species from the electrooxidation of xanthine, which has not been previously observed.

288 ransport adenine, hypoxanthine, guanine, and xanthine with Km values in the micromolar range, indicat

289 modulated oscillations evoked by a O2 donor, xanthine (X) + xanthine oxidase (XO), dose-dependently.

290 s in DNA and RNA results in the formation of xanthine (X), hypoxanthine (I), oxanine, and uracil, all

291 First, we used the xanthine-xanthine oxidase (X-XO) system to generate reac

292 reduction of superoxide anion generated in a xanthine-xanthine oxidase system in solution.

293 The oxidizing agent xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) decreased the NMDAR-med

294 The xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) system was used for the

295 or activator of NF-kappab ligand (RANKL) and Xanthine/Xanthine Oxidase induced TRAP mRNA expression i

296 cellular superoxide radical (O(2)(*-)) using xanthine/xanthine oxidase resulted in an increase in cel

297 ypical mitochondrial stressors (antimycin-A, xanthine/xanthine oxidase).

298 ion by O2[Symbol: see text] generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase, implying that it exhibits ant

299 Minimal interference of xanthine (Xn) was observed at 7%.

300 Minimal interference of xanthine (Xn) was observed at ~7%.