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1 oxidase), or a superoxide-producing oxidase (xanthine oxidase).
2 tochondrial stressors (antimycin-A, xanthine/xanthine oxidase).
3 howed that RH1 was an in vitro substrate for xanthine oxidase.
4 activities of the enzymes AMP deaminase and xanthine oxidase.
5 and superoxide radical produced by xanthine/xanthine oxidase.
6 on of reactive oxygen species generated from xanthine oxidase.
7 p90 did not affect the O(2)(-.) generated by xanthine oxidase.
8 urinol (10 mg kg(-1), I.V.), an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.
9 enzymes alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase.
10 , perhaps by reducing production of O(2-) by xanthine oxidase.
11 oduced from the oxidation of hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidase.
12 ly suppressed ROS generated by xanthine with xanthine oxidase.
13 eutrophils was not affected by inhibition of xanthine oxidase.
14 by superoxide generation with xanthine plus xanthine oxidase.
15 vity and 5 displayed an inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase.
16 nsition pore (PTP), but not by inhibition of xanthine oxidase.
17 ine is effectively converted to uric acid by xanthine oxidase.
18 L to 200 micromol/L diphenyleneiodonium) and xanthine oxidase (1 mmol/L allopurinol) caused reduction
19 )(-)), from spermine/NO (2.7 microM/min) and xanthine oxidase (1-28 microM O(2)(-)/min), respectively
20 of the reactive oxygen species generated by xanthine oxidase (10 milliunits/ml, plus 500 microM xant
24 down also leads to a decrease in activity of xanthine oxidase, a distinct cytosolic Fe-S protein.
29 ion of superoxide anion radicals by reducing xanthine oxidase activity by 38%, 97% and 47%, respectiv
30 e, the present study suggests that increased xanthine oxidase activity contributes to endothelial dys
31 rease reactive oxygen species production and xanthine oxidase activity in NOS3TG hearts to the levels
34 sion and activity of cytochrome P450 2E1 and xanthine oxidase activity were down-regulated in fa/fa c
37 consumption (ebselen) but not inhibition of xanthine oxidase (allopurinol), attenuated the effects o
38 oxide radicals generated by hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase also induced the activation of N-SMase,
40 f cells with the superoxide-producing enzyme xanthine oxidase also resulted in isoprostane release, w
41 Uric acid is a product of the activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme linked to oxidative stress,
42 rat studies and assay systems were used with xanthine oxidase and activated canine granulocytes to te
43 , and studies with inhibitors suggested that xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase are involved in th
44 re the products resulting from metabolism by xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase differ in many ins
48 superoxide was generated by the reaction of xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine with rates of 0.1-6.0
50 ore characterized the vascular activities of xanthine oxidase and NAD(P)H oxidase, 2 major O2*--produ
52 r agent tirapazamine by the enzymes xanthine/xanthine oxidase and NADPH:cytochrome P450 oxidoreductas
56 ity, P<0.05; n=19 older/n=18 young), whereas xanthine oxidase and the antioxidant enzymes cytosolic a
57 ctron transfer in two complex flavoproteins, xanthine oxidase and trimethylamine dehydrogenase, has b
58 ofactors and has two interconvertible forms, xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, which trans
61 luding nitric oxide synthase, NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and complex IV of the mitochondrial el
62 This contrasts to the behavior seen with xanthine oxidase, and the basis for this difference is d
63 eas expressions of COX-2, Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, xanthine oxidase, and the NAD(P)H oxidase subunits p47(p
64 e, and sources of vascular NAD(P)H oxidases, xanthine oxidase, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide
66 r and small interfering RNA studies identify xanthine oxidase as a major source of superoxide radical
67 eroxide radical anions generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase as a measure of excretory/secretory pro
70 (*)(-) by NQO1 were estimated using xanthine/xanthine oxidase as the source of O(2)(*)(-) and after N
72 Reactive oxygen metabolites generated by xanthine oxidase at reperfusion have been found to trigg
73 suggest that reactive oxidants generated by xanthine oxidase at reperfusion, stimulated by PAF, medi
74 ol reduced LAA O2*-, implying that NADPH and xanthine oxidases both contributed to increased O2*- pro
75 effect on the cytosolic Fe-S cluster enzyme xanthine oxidase but led to loss of cytosolic aconitase
77 enzyme systems NADPH oxidase by apocynin and xanthine oxidase by allopurinol individually reduced STA
78 buxostat, a non-purine-analogue inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, by the European Medicines Agency and t
79 Thermodynamics of milk components (milk fat, xanthine oxidase, caseins and whey proteins) in pulsed e
80 resent study tested the hypothesis that both xanthine oxidase-catalysed oxidation of purines and neut
82 inute rates by spermine/NO decomposition and xanthine oxidase-catalyzed oxidation of hypoxanthine, re
87 al temperatures of fat melting (Tmelting) or xanthine oxidase denaturation (Tdenaturation), whereas t
89 coelenterazine had no significant effect on xanthine oxidase-dependent oxygen consumption, endotheli
93 potential source of oxidative stress in ALI; xanthine oxidase-derived oxidants enhance NE toxicity in
94 m, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species product
97 uperoxide and hydrogen peroxide generated by xanthine oxidase did not significantly decrease complex
98 roxide generated by lumazine or xanthine and xanthine oxidase, did not show an inhibitory effect on E
99 lae-enriched membranes to ROS (xanthine plus xanthine oxidase) dissociated caveolin more readily than
103 s) are homodimeric proteins belonging to the xanthine oxidase family of molybdenum-containing enzymes
104 Xdh) genes encode two complex members of the xanthine oxidase family of molybdo-flavoenzymes that car
107 ate that activation of p38 MAPK, mediated by xanthine oxidase-generated oxidant production, is requir
111 reversal of this phenotype by inhibition of xanthine oxidase has important pathophysiologic and ther
112 The expression of xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase holoenzyme and the activity of xanthine
114 tion by superoxide dismutase, stimulation by xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine, and the lack of an effect
115 e.g., 3-morpholinosydnonimine; NONOates plus xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine, menadione, or mitomycin C
116 The formaldehyde-inhibited Mo(V) state of xanthine oxidase (I) has been studied for four decades,
117 [Symbol: see text] generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase, implying that it exhibits antioxidant
119 t superoxide produced from hypoxanthine plus xanthine oxidase in combination with nitric oxide produc
121 ng and immunoblotting demonstrated increased xanthine oxidase in MR versus normal subjects (p < 0.05)
122 ediated by H2O2 and required the presence of xanthine oxidase in serum but not the addition of purine
123 rystal structures of as-isolated, functional xanthine oxidase in the course of reaction with the pter
125 Furthermore, activity of endothelium-bound xanthine oxidase in vivo and FDD of the radial artery we
126 ere improved by allopurinol (an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase) in vessels from diabetic IL-10(- /-) m
127 ed, structurally assigned Mo(V) species from xanthine oxidase, in conjunction with complementary comp
128 buxostat, a nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, in establishing normal serum urate (sU
129 ction of oxidative stress with xanthine plus xanthine oxidase increased placental production of isopr
131 tor of NF-kappab ligand (RANKL) and Xanthine/Xanthine Oxidase induced TRAP mRNA expression in mouse m
132 allopurinol could be related to its reducing xanthine oxidase-induced OS, and our second aim was to s
134 There was no statistical difference between xanthine oxidase inhibition by rutin before and after hy
138 tion fraction and elevated uric acid levels, xanthine oxidase inhibition with allopurinol failed to i
139 attenuated by PAF inhibition with WEB 2170, xanthine oxidase inhibition with allopurinol, antioxidan
142 intervention or following treatment with an xanthine oxidase inhibitor (allopurinol), a Na(+)/H(+) e
143 This is despite maternal treatment with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol being considered
144 ponses to H/R, whereas pretreatment with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol had no effect.
145 (Exploring the therapeutic potential of xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol in angina; ISRCTN
148 enhanced in p47phox-/- mice treated with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol, but the duration
151 te plea basis to patients of any age in whom xanthine oxidase inhibitor therapy was indicated as an a
152 e phosphate oxidase inhibitor), allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor), and ACE8/8 crossed with P67
153 his increase was inhibited by allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor), Me2SO (a hydroxyl radical s
154 hydroxyl radical scavenger), allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor), or deferoxamine (an iron ch
155 nant kidney (RK) surgery with or without the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol, or the uricosur
157 ent include febuxostat, a nonpurine analogue xanthine oxidase inhibitor, and pegloticase, a pegylated
170 l pregnant women to test the hypothesis that xanthine oxidase is a mediator of oxidative stress in pl
173 at, a novel nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, is a potential alternative to allopuri
175 exerted a pronounced inhibitory effect upon xanthine oxidase-mediated reduction of iron in ferritin,
176 f the free enzyme determined by the xanthine-xanthine oxidase method is -0.132 V at pH 7.0, slightly
178 of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) and xanthine oxidase, most of the reductive activation of 3-
179 n=4) but were not prevented by inhibitors of xanthine oxidase (n=5), cyclooxygenase (n=4), nitric oxi
180 nhibits a variety of flavoenzymes, including xanthine oxidase, NADH dehydrogenase, and NADPH oxidase.
181 c systems that are capable of producing ROS, xanthine oxidase, NADH/NADPH oxidase, and uncoupled endo
184 o monitor the enzyme-catalyzed conversion by xanthine oxidase of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric aci
186 teine-labeled rat brain slices with xanthine/xanthine oxidase or a combination of xanthine/xanthine o
187 fect on either the O(2)(-)-generating enzyme xanthine oxidase or potassium superoxide-generated O(2)(
188 cation of the O2--generating system xanthine/xanthine oxidase or the potent NO scavenger oxyhemoglobi
189 mide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, xanthine oxidase, or mitochondria, are among the most ha
193 the latter mediated through activation of a xanthine oxidase pathway leading to ROS generation and p
195 supplementations on adrenalin, noradrenalin, xanthine oxidase plus dehydrogenase (XO + XD) activities
196 ddition of lucigenin to reaction mixtures of xanthine oxidase plus NADH resulted in increased oxygen
197 er pKa assigned to an active-site residue of xanthine oxidase (possibly Glu-1261, by analogy to Glu-8
201 nous to tissue fractions were reduced by the xanthine oxidase reaction and this caused a decrease in
202 O(2)(-). generated in situ from the xanthine/xanthine oxidase reaction caused a slowly developing dec
203 l as O2*- generated either from the xanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction or by the addition of nicotina
204 g by O(2)(-) generated by pyrogallol and the xanthine oxidase reaction than the parental 2308 strain
207 superoxide radical (O(2)(*-)) using xanthine/xanthine oxidase resulted in an increase in cell invasio
208 on of NO formation profiles between mARC and xanthine oxidase reveals similar Kcat and Vmax values bu
209 In contrast, the ROS generator Xanthine-Xanthine oxidase significantly increased neuronal firing
211 fects (eg, interleukin-1beta/decoy receptor, xanthine oxidase/superoxide dismutase, Ca2+-dependent PL
213 exogenous O(2)(-.) generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system mimicked the effect of hypertoni
215 an lung fibroblasts and identified NADPH and xanthine oxidase systems as sources of H(2)O(2) that dri
216 anion, generated as a flux from xanthine and xanthine oxidase, the cells die by a non-apoptotic mecha
217 thine oxidase holoenzyme and the activity of xanthine oxidase, the isoform known to generate reactive
218 ide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase, xanthine oxidase, the mitochondrial electron transport c
219 sine deaminase, nucleoside phosphorylase and xanthine oxidase, the sensor responded linearly to exoge
220 nitric oxide synthase, the NAD(P)H oxidases, xanthine oxidases, the mitochondrial permeability transi
222 NO donors, or a combination of xanthine and xanthine oxidase to generate superoxide did not show an
223 n the addition of superoxide, generated from xanthine oxidase, to several peptide-derived tyrosyl rad
224 We report here the crystal structure of xanthine oxidase, trapped at the stage of a critical int
225 consumption impairs placental function via a xanthine oxidase/uric acid-dependent mechanism, and simi
228 ite host matrix for enzyme immobilization of xanthine oxidase was developed by incorporating MWCNT in
230 rredoxin: NADP+ oxidoreductase, and xanthine/xanthine oxidase was used to provide a calibrated flux o
231 olic-II, purine nucleoside phosphorylase and xanthine oxidase) was performed using SNPlex microarray
234 nts during neutrophil adherence may activate xanthine oxidase, which in turn mediates the ROS product
235 nNOS increases O2- through the activation of xanthine oxidase, which is mediated by the activation of
237 o block cyclooxygenase with indomethacin and xanthine oxidase with oxypurinol) on superoxide release
238 anthine oxidase or a combination of xanthine/xanthine oxidase with sodium nitroprusside resulted in a
239 ONOate, and an enzymatic source of O(-*)(2), xanthine oxidase, with either hypoxanthine or lumazine a
241 oxygen species (ROS) generated via xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/Xo) but failed to inhibit X/Xo-induc
243 ation with oxygen radical-producing xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) induces apoptosis in primary cul
245 th the superoxide-generating system xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) produces a long-lasting potentia
249 iboside:quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2), and xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase (XO/XDH) also co
250 at oxidative stress resulting from increased xanthine oxidase (XO) activity contributes to this imbal
251 Superoxide (O(2)(-)) generated by enhanced xanthine oxidase (XO) activity may contribute to the inc
253 sociated with oxidative stress and increased xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, an important source of r
255 n be prepared in two interconvertible forms, xanthine oxidase (XO) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH),
258 re, we investigated whether ROS derived from xanthine oxidase (XO) contribute to the fetal peripheral
259 er optic xanthine sensor using entrapment of xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme in several nanostructures o
261 as a chronic state of inflammation in which xanthine oxidase (XO) from ischemic tissues increases va
266 he release of mast-cell-derived heparin, and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition stabilizes mast cells.
267 ence of NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors and the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor allopurinol and in NOS-3
268 hypothesis that acute administration of the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor allopurinol improves car
269 nt with the macrophage toxicant GdCl(3), the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor allopurinol, and the Fe(
273 was to estimate the phenolic composition and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity of green coffe
279 This question was addressed by blocking xanthine oxidase (XO), a superoxide-generating enzyme th
280 ed this question by blocking the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), a superoxide-generating enzyme th
284 iated by a rapid increase in the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), the oxidized form of xanthine deh
287 causal link of this association is increased xanthine oxidase (XO)-derived oxygen free radical produc
292 The sensor was developed by entrapment of xanthine oxidase (XOD) and ferrocene carboxylic acid (Fc
295 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) were co-immobilized via entrapmen
300 mixtures containing m-aconitase and xanthine/xanthine oxidase yielded methyl radical, which was detec
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