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   1  with respect to the presence/absence of the xenobiotic.                                             
     2 t UGT8 is involved in metabolism of endo- or xenobiotics.                                            
     3 conjugation of both endogenous compounds and xenobiotics.                                            
     4 he N-methylation of endogenous and exogenous xenobiotics.                                            
     5 , catabolism, gut microbiome activities, and xenobiotics.                                            
     6 ffspring by enhancing metabolic tolerance to xenobiotics.                                            
     7 conditions on the transformation pathways of xenobiotics.                                            
     8 on of reduced glutathione (GSH) to endo- and xenobiotics.                                            
     9  the transport of endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics.                                            
    10 o pathways associated with detoxification of xenobiotics.                                            
    11 erive energy from fatty acids and to degrade xenobiotics.                                            
    12 ediate the toxic and carcinogenic effects of xenobiotics.                                            
    13 iver disease and in damage to liver by toxic xenobiotics.                                            
    14 rect, analogous to the activation of Pdr1 by xenobiotics.                                            
    15 nt genes in response to oxidative stress and xenobiotics.                                            
    16 ociated with an enhanced ability to detoxify xenobiotics.                                            
    17 nsformations that may activate or deactivate xenobiotics.                                            
    18 CCSs for a set of endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics.                                            
    19 uential, multi-organ metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics.                                            
    20 tructurally diverse endogenous compounds and xenobiotics.                                            
    21  displayed increased susceptibility to these xenobiotics.                                            
    22 is involved in the metabolism of over 50% of xenobiotics.                                            
    23 the efflux of structurally diverse drugs and xenobiotics across cell membranes, affecting drug pharma
  
    25 ntagonist and promising therapeutic tool.The xenobiotic-activated human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) re
  
  
  
  
    30 to microbial influences on host responses to xenobiotics, adding to the growing consensus that treatm
    31 venger by binding and/or hydrolyzing various xenobiotic agents and toxicants, many of which target th
    32 f P450 expression in response to exposure to xenobiotic agonists of the nuclear receptors constitutiv
    33 ontrol metabolism of glucose, nutrients, and xenobiotics; alterations in its activity may contribute 
  
    35  across tissue sections to build an image of xenobiotic and endogenous compound distribution to asses
    36 ve species to chemical interactions with the xenobiotic and endogenous metabolizing (EROD and BFCOD) 
    37 teractions of emerging contaminants with the xenobiotic and endogenous metabolizing system of deep-se
    38  androstane receptor (CAR) regulates hepatic xenobiotic and energy metabolism, as well as promotes ce
    39  toxicity pathways being affected, including xenobiotic and lipid metabolism and the thyroid hormone 
    40 n vitro bioassays revealed the occurrence of xenobiotic and steroid-like activities, including very h
  
  
    43 ns play important roles in detoxification of xenobiotics and during physiological and developmental p
    44 nhance the detoxification and elimination of xenobiotics and endobiotics by modulating the expression
    45 R) regulates the metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics and endobiotics by regulating the expression
    46 nzymes responsible for hydroxylation of many xenobiotics and endogenous chemicals in living organisms
  
  
    49 naling (IIS) pathway increases resistance to xenobiotics and extends lifespan in Drosophila, and can 
    50 ntribution of food to the bioaccumulation of xenobiotics and hence toxicity is still an ambiguous iss
    51 which has a central role in the clearance of xenobiotics and in cancer resistance to chemotherapy.   
    52   GST is widely studied in the metabolism of xenobiotics and is a major contributing factor in resist
    53 tress generated by exposure to electrophilic xenobiotics and metabolites induces the expression of CY
    54 al mechanisms involved in insect immunity to xenobiotics and pathogens as well as the mechanisms by w
    55 interfere with metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics and provides a molecular mechanism for this 
    56 t functions as a sensor to a wide variety of xenobiotics and regulates expression of several drug met
  
    58 dependent transcription factor that binds to xenobiotics and responds by regulating the expression of
    59 or that mediates the biochemical response to xenobiotics and the toxic effects of a number of environ
  
    61 d showed similar changes in their secondary, xenobiotic, and antioxidant metabolism to those determin
    62 bial metabolism as it relates to bile acids, xenobiotics, and diet in the etiology and therapeutics o
    63 nisms underlying salivary gland transport of xenobiotics, and most drugs are assumed to enter saliva 
    64 ome conditions host immunity to microbes and xenobiotics, and regulates autoimmune responses that can
    65 ty, highlight the unintended consequences of xenobiotics, and suggest that attempts at personalized m
    66 otic metabolism, together with resistance to xenobiotics, are frequent correlates of lifespan extensi
    67 e aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) recognizes xenobiotics as well as natural compounds such as tryptop
    68 obtained with the Activated Sludge Model for Xenobiotics (ASM-X)) with representative measured data f
  
  
    71 igh weight rabbits, and pathways related to "xenobiotics biodegradation" and "various types of N-glyc
  
  
    74 on way of studying the environmental fate of xenobiotics, but it can be difficult to extract relevant
    75 n the overrepresented pathways Metabolism of Xenobiotics by Cytochrome P450 and Butanoate and Tryptop
    76 diates involved in the metabolism of various xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, as well as in chemical r
  
  
    79 nds--endogenous metabolites, drugs and other xenobiotics--by transferring the sulfuryl moiety (SO3) f
  
  
    82  a ubiquitous DNA lesion, formed not only by xenobiotic carcinogens but also by the endogenous methyl
  
  
    85 f by-products from each production and avoid xenobiotic chemicals, we have achieved beneficial improv
  
    87 lthough AhR was first identified to bind the xenobiotic compound dioxin, AhR is now known to bind a v
  
    89 e transporters are involved in the efflux of xenobiotic compounds and are responsible for decreasing 
    90  Mammalian systems inactivate endobiotic and xenobiotic compounds by linking them to a glucuronic aci
  
  
    93 tion of different sets of genes by different xenobiotic compounds, in part through feed-forward activ
  
    95 ta have been implicated in the metabolism of xenobiotic compounds, motivating studies of microbe-driv
  
  
  
  
  
  
   102  contains pathways not found in MetaCyc, for xenobiotic degradation, glycan metabolism, and metabolis
   103 fs based on their variance to assess whether xenobiotic-derived substructures are among the most-vari
   104 22 out of the 30 most-variant Mass2Motifs to xenobiotic-derived substructures including paracetamol/a
  
  
   107 ntestine, which results in activation of the xenobiotic detoxification enzyme flavin-containing monoo
  
   109 liver plays a pivotal role in metabolism and xenobiotic detoxification, processes that must be partic
   110 shifts in the expression of genes related to xenobiotic detoxification, stress resistance, and insuli
  
  
   113 ly increased resistance of Drosophila to the xenobiotic dichlordiphenyltrichlorethan (DDT), by artifi
  
  
   116 est that larvae may be less able to detoxify xenobiotics encountered in diet than adults, and these f
  
   118 concentrations of representative natural and xenobiotic estrogens for 48 h were determined by microar
  
   120 e) and increases population sensitivity to a xenobiotic exposure due to size-dependent toxicity (e.g.
   121  effects of nanomaterials, and the impact of xenobiotic exposure on the developing immune system.    
   122 rturbations remains unclear, but may include xenobiotic exposure, natural senescence, and/or interind
   123 cotinic receptor antagonist, suggesting that xenobiotic exposure, rather than nicotinic receptor sign
  
  
   126  data suggest that background levels of most xenobiotic exposures typical in the U.S. population are 
   127  detecting biological responses to low-level xenobiotic exposures, these data can aid the classificat
   128 protecting the brain parenchyma by efflux of xenobiotics from capillary endothelial cells at the bloo
  
   130   Although the detoxification mechanisms for xenobiotics have been extensively studied in mammalian c
   131 l, we quantified the amount of a fluorinated xenobiotic (heptafluorobutyric acid, HFBA) in three diff
   132 e; how our microbiome mediates metabolism of xenobiotics; how the microbiota contribute to immunity a
  
   134 the relative contribution of food-associated xenobiotics in bioaccumulation depends on species, subst
   135 m-specific contribution to the metabolism of xenobiotics in complex biological samples has not been p
   136 y and contamination of various compounds and xenobiotics in environmental biology and microbial ecolo
  
  
  
  
  
  
   143 g the absorption and disposition of consumed xenobiotics including various drugs and dietary phytoche
   144 ngaged in the biotransformation of endo- and xenobiotics, including >50% of clinically relevant drugs
   145 ne, UDP-glucose, and UDP-xylose to conjugate xenobiotics, including drugs and endobiotics such as met
   146 s that are responsible for the metabolism of xenobiotics, including drugs such as irinotecan and osel
   147 ms that influence our health by metabolizing xenobiotics, including host-targeted drugs and antibioti
   148  endobiotic estradiol-17-glucuronide and the xenobiotic indomethacin-acyl-glucuronide are found to ex
  
   150 assessment of mechanistic events involved in xenobiotic-induced oxidative stress is not easily achiev
  
   152 ricting the entry of endogenous compounds or xenobiotics into tissues and it plays important roles in
   153  The fundamental role of AOX in metabolizing xenobiotics is also due to the attempt of medicinal chem
  
   155 ot infect animals and the metabolism of many xenobiotics is different between human beings and animal
   156 on of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) by xenobiotics is known to affect epidermal differentiation
  
   158 BCRP in limiting fetal exposure to drugs and xenobiotics, long-term use of these medications may affe
  
  
  
   162 ve health-relevant endpoints were related to xenobiotic metabolism (pregnane X and aryl hydrocarbon r
   163 eceptor-controlled cholesterol/bile acid and xenobiotic metabolism among the top deregulated pathways
  
  
  
  
   168 rs, the function of PXR in the regulation of xenobiotic metabolism has been extensively studied, and 
   169 t in recent years, since its contribution in xenobiotic metabolism has not always been identified bef
  
  
   172 l be important to determine whether enhanced xenobiotic metabolism is also a correlated, rather than 
  
  
   175 ng on the association of starch, sucrose and xenobiotic metabolism pathway with longevity is consiste
   176 analyses found a significant enrichment for "xenobiotic metabolism signaling" and "PXR/RXR activation
   177 , a molecular understanding of gut microbial xenobiotic metabolism will guide personalized medicine a
   178 (body weight, protein, chitobiase, catalase, xenobiotic metabolism, and acetylcholinesterase) were me
   179 ne X receptor (PXR) is a master regulator of xenobiotic metabolism, and its activity is critical towa
   180 tant toxicity pathways, such as induction of xenobiotic metabolism, and some integrative indicators d
   181 ne receptor (CAR) plays an important role in xenobiotic metabolism, energy homeostasis, and cell prol
   182 tration, and significant gene alterations in xenobiotic metabolism, including a decrease in ABCB1/mul
   183 several stress related mRNAs and proteins of xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and
   184 ith daily alterations in lipid, glucose, and xenobiotic metabolism, protein turnover, and redox balan
   185 the toxicity pathways including induction of xenobiotic metabolism, specific and reactive modes of to
   186    Increased expression of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, together with resistance to xenob
  
  
  
  
  
   192 indicates four pathways (starch, sucrose and xenobiotic metabolism; immune response and inflammation;
   193 l gene groups, with carbohydrate, lipid, and xenobiotics metabolism belonging to the EPE and MPE clus
  
   195 , the AhR has been studied as a regulator of xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme genes, notably cytochrome
  
   197     Moreover, these polyphenols up-regulated xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes UGT1A10 and CYP1A1, enha
   198 nooxygenases (FMOs) are primarily studied as xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes with a prominent role in
  
   200 ed A287P or WT POR, as were those of several xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochromes P450, indicating tha
   201  Human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is a key xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme that oxidizes and clears 
   202 and vitamin D receptor, which regulate major xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters.
   203 mine N-acetyltransferases (NATs), a class of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, catalyze the acetylatio
  
   205 ts suggest that pregnane X receptor (PXR), a xenobiotic nuclear receptor important for defense agains
  
  
  
  
   210 t" study demonstrates that human exposure to xenobiotics occurs through ingestion of reclaimed wastew
   211 g., peak height) to decide whether a certain xenobiotic of interest (XOI) is present/absent, yielding
  
   213 imed to delineate effects of food intake and xenobiotics on oxidative biomarkers in Daphnia magna.   
   214 Supplying essential growth nutrients through xenobiotic or ecologically rare chemicals provides micro
   215 ime extremely potent activators of the other xenobiotic or hormonal receptors, namely PXR, AHR, and v
  
  
   218 ath caused by serum deprivation, toxicity of xenobiotics or high concentrations of extracellular aden
  
  
   221 rance, and transformational toxicity of most xenobiotics owing to its abundance in cytochrome P450 (C
   222 ption factors and repressors in responses to xenobiotics, oxidants, heat, hypoxia, DNA damage, and in
  
   224  is now shifting from the role of AhR in the xenobiotic pathway toward its mode of action in response
  
   226 -glycoprotein and modulate toxicity of other xenobiotics present in complex environmental samples.   
  
  
   229 aine, accompanied by hepatic upregulation of xenobiotic processing genes, and enhanced drug clearance
  
  
  
   233 s constituting the first class of potent pan-xenobiotic receptor ligands that can serve as potential 
  
   235 a nuclear receptor considered to be a master xenobiotic receptor that coordinately regulates the expr
   236 ptor (CAR), was initially characterized as a xenobiotic receptor that regulates drug metabolism.     
  
  
  
   240 ter screening assay with an array of nuclear xenobiotic receptors (XenoRs), we found that TCS activat
  
   242 ry rate </=0.10, only 4-ethylphenylsufate, a xenobiotic related to benzoate metabolism, was significa
   243 any up-regulation of genes involved in multi-xenobiotic resistance (MXR) or detoxification (phases I 
   244   Thus, in Drosophila IIS mutants, increased xenobiotic resistance and enhanced longevity are not cau
  
  
   247 iction increased lifespan without increasing xenobiotic resistance, confirming that the two traits ca
  
   249   AhR activity depends on its binding to the xenobiotic response element (XRE) in partnership with th
   250 ding to the newly characterized nonconsensus xenobiotic response element, in conjunction with the tum
   251 ereas dKeap1 inhibited CncC binding at other xenobiotic response gene loci and suppressed their trans
  
  
   254 nd stimulated expression of predicted target xenobiotic response-related genes AHRR (P = 1.13 x 10-62
   255 ed transcript levels of a suite of herbicide/xenobiotic-responsive genes and improved herbicide toler
  
  
   258 ath of an individual, targeted or untargeted xenobiotic screening of post-mortem samples is normally 
  
   260    The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor that modulates the m
   261  the NR1I nuclear receptor family, acts as a xenobiotic sensor and a paramount transcriptional regula
  
   263 r pregnane X receptor (PXR), which acts as a xenobiotic sensor to regulate xenobiotic metabolism in t
   264 r (PXR, NR1I2), initially characterized as a xenobiotic sensor, has been functionally linked to the r
   265 ve androstane receptor (CAR, NR1i3), a known xenobiotic sensor, has recently been recognized as a nov
  
  
   268 ptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) are xenobiotic sensors that enhance the detoxification and e
  
  
   271 the mammalian metabolism of amine-containing xenobiotics, some N-acylation reactions were not previou
   272 A receptor DOP-1 activates the expression of xenobiotic stress response genes involved in pathogenic 
   273 ignal to frontline epithelia to activate the xenobiotic stress response so as to maintain proteostasi
  
   275 ation of endogenous neurotransmitters and of xenobiotic substances and hormones incorporating catecho
   276 h Mates interact with both physiological and xenobiotic substances but also substantially differ with
   277  of a healthy, smoking male subject, several xenobiotic substances such as benzene, toluene, styrene,
   278 he toxicokinetics and tissue distribution of xenobiotic substances, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (P
  
   280 ld for its role in mediating the toxicity of xenobiotics such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 
   281  with C. albicans nomenclature) could efflux xenobiotics such as berberine, rhodamine 123, and paraqu
  
   283  hypothesized that glucuronide conjugates of xenobiotics, such as the anticancer drug sorafenib, can 
   284 e I IFN and TLR trafficking and signaling in xenobiotic systemic mercury-induced autoimmunity (HgIA).
   285 llen, or propolis, as well as five synthetic xenobiotics that frequently contaminate hives-two herbic
   286 bition, but also crossreactive with chemical xenobiotics that share molecular homology with the inner
   287 rders of magnitude for analytes ranging from xenobiotics to endogenous lipids, and facilitated the re
  
   289 Embryonic development is highly sensitive to xenobiotic toxicity and in utero exposure to environment
   290 l hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a regulator of xenobiotic toxicity, is a member of the eukaryotic Per-A
   291 , a transcription factor known for mediating xenobiotic toxicity, is expressed in B cells, which are 
   292 ons to the metabolism of ingested compounds (xenobiotics), transforming hundreds of dietary component
   293 eractions resulting from drug, metabolite or xenobiotic transport between organs are key components o
   294 4(+) T effector (Teff) cells upregulated the xenobiotic transporter, Mdr1, in the ileum to maintain h
  
   296 s confer cellular protection against diverse xenobiotics via not only binding, but also catalysis.   
   297 increases the detoxification of postprandial xenobiotics via the GST action mediated hepatic GSH conj
   298 lved in the phenomenon of resistance against xenobiotics, which are clinically relevant in bacteria, 
   299 iably obtain in vitro intrinsic clearance of xenobiotics, which provides support for the application 
  
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