ライフサイエンスコーパス: yr

1 yr BP because terrestrial conditions in a previously mar

2 yr BP for unknown reasons.

3 yr BP in northern Europe using a well-dated, high resolu

4 yr BP, yet a well-established agrarian society does not

5 range) follow-up time of 1.6 years (0.4-3.0 yr).

6 f mixed adult ICU patients (median age, 66.0 yr [interquartile range, 54.0-74.0]; Acute Physiology an

7 hs in groups until June 30, 2015 (mean, 12.0 yrs; maximum 14.1 yrs).

8 East Asian populations approximately 10,000 yr ago.

9 subfossil pines that were growing c. 13 000 yr bp in Zurich, Switzerland.

10 linearly related to, but lagged, the 23,000 yr precession cycle in northern hemisphere summer insola

11 t North Eurasians, represented by the 24,000-yr-old Siberian Mal'ta boy MA-1.

12 s shared 38% of their ancestry with a 45,000-yr-old Ust'-Ishim individual who was previously believed

13 and greater log UPCR slope (0.06/yr and 0.01/yr, respectively; P=0.02 and P<0.001, respectively).

14 he rapid wetland expansion of 0.26 +/- 0.05% yr(-1) in this region causes an estimated growing season

15 spectively) and greater log UPCR slope (0.06/yr and 0.01/yr, respectively; P=0.02 and P<0.001, respec

16 CF across the pediatric age range (0.2-21.1 yr).

17 n of 6.6 years (interquartile range, 5.1-8.1 yr) of follow-up, there were 1,532 first sepsis (prevale

18 cilia, and Nphp5(-/-) kidney histology at 1 yr of age showed no significant pathology.

19 elative risk, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.94; for 1 yr increase in age) and lower admission Glasgow Coma Sca

20 her treatment with daily 3.36 g Lovaza for 1 yr or without.

21 five children/young adults (7.0% of those >1 yr of age), were found to have a reportable genetic vari

22 uals (3.7%), eight infants (2.8% of those <1 yr of age) and five children/young adults (7.0% of those

23 prospective cohort study of infants (age <1 yr) hospitalized with bronchiolitis.

24 jectories with chronic asthma with early (<1 yr; 1.5%) and late (<3 yr; 4.1%) onset during early chil

25 hing and measured soil CO2 efflux for over 1 yr in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), a species that ha

26 ive roots to maintain respiration for over 1 yr.

27 d supply of current photosynthate for over 1 yr; however, carbohydrate concentrations in transport ro

28 ng, and positively with summer temperature 1 yr before masting (i.e. 2T model).

29 ed consequences of adult-onset DR (24 h to 1 yr) on hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function.

30 June 30, 2015 (mean, 12.0 yrs; maximum 14.1 yrs).

31 was estimated to be 2,190 MJ mm ha(-1) h(-1) yr(-1), with the highest values in South America and the

32 to control) and N deposition (30 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) ) on carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ) and ni

33 of the control (from 238 to 122 kg C ha(-1) yr(-1) ), whereas elevated CO2 had no detectable effects

34 iables) on SOC change rate (rC , Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) ).

35 r high stover removal (0 or 6.8 Mg DM ha(-1) yr(-1) , respectively) under no-till (NT) or conventiona

36 re economic losses of up to 2,300 US$ ha(-1) yr(-1) .

37 n nitrogen inputs and outputs (9.9 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) and 6.5 or 6.3 kg ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively), b

38 ns ranged from 0.30 to 1.33 kg N2 O-N ha(-1) yr(-1) and were best predicted by IPCC Tier 1 and DeltaE

39 s with different topographies (6.5 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) for the catchment with a large wetland, 6.3 kg ha

40 atchment with a large wetland, 6.3 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) for the catchment with a very small wetland).

41 Previous studies revealed 6 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) lower net ecosystem production (NEP) during ENSO

42 .9 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) and 6.5 or 6.3 kg ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively), but also between nitrogen outputs

43 mulation rate was 0.55 +/- 0.02 Mg OC ha(-1) yr(-1).

44 te of SOC in recent ten years (0.27 g kg(-1) yr(-1)) has slowed down considerably compared to previou

45 compared to previous decades (1.12 g kg(-1) yr(-1)).

46 tions of strong acid anions (-1.4 mueq L(-1) yr(-1)) during 2004-2016 in nonacidic alpine lakes in th

47 Mg] concentrations increased (2.5 mueq L(-1) yr(-1)), together with elevated terrestrial export of bi

48 port of bicarbonate (HCO3(-); 3.6 mueq L(-1) yr(-1)).

49 GPP trends of 0.02-0.04 mumol C m(-2) s(-1) yr(-1) , which is negligible relative to the total obser

50 served GPP trend of 0.41 mumol C m(-2) s(-1) yr(-1) .

51 ositions are comparable in size (13 g.ha(-1).yr(-1) and 16 g.ha(-1).yr(-1), respectively), which howe

52 in size (13 g.ha(-1).yr(-1) and 16 g.ha(-1).yr(-1), respectively), which however show significant in

53 .30), and older age (odds ratio, 1.16 per 10 yr, CI, 1.01-1.34).

54 ints; p < 0.0001); older age (+16 min per 10 yr; p < 0.0001); presence of comorbidities (+35 min; p <

55 patients (86% males; mean [SD] age, 54 [10] yr; median [interquartile range] apnea-hypopnea index, 4

56 illium ovatum specimens collected over > 100 yr across its native range, we analyzed how seasonal cli

57 we used genomics to analyze a systematic 11-yr hospital-based survey of E. coli associated with bact

58 ed to the longest eight chronologies (74-114 yr) revealed stable correlations between temperature and

59 Thirty-eight school-age (8-12 yr) survivors of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygen

60 inary carbon load in 289 children (aged 9-12 yr) using white-light generation under femtosecond pulse

61 e ARDS (56% male; mean +/- SD age, 45 +/- 13 yr), with seven dying by 12-month follow-up.

62 Among 540 patients (379 men; age, 65 +/- 13 yr; Simplified Acute Physiological Score II, 59 +/- 18;

63 I), yet even highest status areas lost 0.13% yr(-1) (IUCN Cat I).

64 1) to 8.3% yr(-1)), but FOSA declined by 13% yr(-1) after 2006.

65 d 3 ionize much more slowly (half-lives 1.15 yrs and 33 days) than (Ph)2CH-Br (half-life 23 s).

66 n metabolites and academic achievement in 15-yr-old adolescents.

67 In a sample of 15-yr-old children (n= 324), we measured plasma concentrati

68 for seedlings nested within a replicated 15-yr factorial nutrient enrichment experiment (nitrogen, N

69 es 3-6 yr), and 38 school-age children (7-16 yr) with CF before chest computed tomography and in 72 h

70 ted to those that described adult (age, > 16 yr) cardiac or hemodynamic critical care ultrasound curr

71 yzed ASDH cases in the adult population (>16 yrs) treated surgically between 1994 and 2013.

72 e-sensitized children with asthma (ages 3-17 yr) after an emergency hospital attendance with an asthm

73 ned children with allergic asthma (aged 6-17 yr; n = 478) from low-income census tracts in eight U.S.

74 ed the concept, apart from 3 published 13-18 yr ago.

75 Adults (18 yr old or older) who satisfied the following criteria: 1

76 al study enrolled consecutive adult (aged 18 yr or older) emergency department patients from November

77 ed deidentified data on adult patients (> 18 yr) receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for co

78 Adults (>/= 18 yr old) supported with veno-venous extracorporeal membra

79 Adult patients (>/= 18 yr old) with acute respiratory failure requiring mechani

80 Adult (age, >/= 18 yr) emergency department sepsis patients.

81 Five hundred eighteen adult (>/= 18 yr) patients.

82 Consecutive children (age < 18 yr) with severe traumatic brain injury (Glasgow Coma Sca

83 in children (n = 454; age range, 3 mo to 18 yr) met eligibility criteria.

84 c Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL, age <18 yrs) or Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) a

85 c Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL, age <18 yrs) or Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) a

86 the PAs lost forest at a mean rate of 0.18% yr(-1) from 2000-2012.

87 e index was assessed in 42 infants (ages 0-2 yr), 39 preschool children (ages 3-6 yr), and 38 school-

88 ILD during 75,232 person-years (median, 12.2 yr) of follow-up.

89 Twenty-six patients (23 men, 52.4 +/- 9.2 yr old) were included, most of them having ischemic card

90 (WHZ), and weight-for-age z score (WAZ) at 2 yr of age (n = 923).

91 ge (overall [R = 0.12; p < 0.01]; in age > 2 yr [R = 0.22; p < 0.01]; and in < 2 yr [R = 0.03; p = 0.

92 age > 2 yr [R = 0.22; p < 0.01]; and in < 2 yr [R = 0.03; p = 0.42]).

93 tem, to investigate the impact of recent (<2 yr) or old partial lead service line replacements (PLSLR

94 latile organic compounds, over a period of 2 yr.

95 henology and fitness of each genotype over 2 yr and several generations.

96 moisture, and vapor pressure deficit over 2 yr in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA.

97 relative fitness varied significantly over 2 yr, showing that epistasis x environment interactions wi

98 negatively with temperature in the summer 2 yr before masting, and positively with summer temperatur

99 The 2 yr required for seedling establishment is an apomorphic

100 ian follow-up was 9.1 years (range 5.1 -21.2 yrs).

101 life expectancy between the groups (both 4.2 yrs; P = 0.97).

102 concentrations in nonacidic lakes (0.3-3.2% yr(-1)) was significantly and positively correlated with

103 bon mass accumulation rates (CMAR; g C m(-2) yr(-1) ) and isotope composition of organic matter (delt

104 egetated zones (1.4 +/- 0.4 kg CO2 -eq m(-2) yr(-1) ) due to high ecosystem respiration.

105 n-water fluxes (3.5 +/- 0.3 kg CO2 -eq m(-2) yr(-1) ) exceeded that of vegetated zones (1.4 +/- 0.4 k

106 rimary productivity (range: 31-390 g C m(-2) yr(-1) ).

107 g m(-2) , production was 279 +/- 63 g m(-2) yr(-1) , and turnover rate was 10 +/- 3 times yr(-1) .

108 values range between 2.8 and 12.5 g C m(-2) yr(-1) .

109 et CO2 uptake between 49 and 157 g CO2 m(-2) yr(-1) .

110 umn, resulting in a flux of 0.01-2 mol m(-2) yr(-1) depending on population density and water depth.

111 ason increase of 0.034 +/- 0.007 g CH4 m(-2) yr(-1) in landscape CH4 emissions.

112 long-term net CO2 uptake of >200 g CO2 m(-2) yr(-1) is required to offset the positive radiative forc

113 ally as flies also result in 0.1-6 mol m(-2) yr(-1) of carbon export from the system.

114 itive (mean 5.92 G, where G = kg CaCO3 m(-2) yr(-1)) to strongly net negative (mean -2.96 G).

115 han in the Wet Basin, 2.16 vs 0.75 g N m(-2) yr(-1), respectively.

116 and 0.07 (-0.10 to +0.25) mL/min/1.73m((2)) /yr between 10 and 20 years for donors with attained age

117 onation; 0.24 (0.00-0.49) mL/min/1.73m((2)) /yr between 5 and 10 years; and 0.07 (-0.10 to +0.25) mL/

118 1.12 (95% CI: 0.92-1.32) mL/min/1.73m((2)) /yr between 6 weeks and 5 years postdonation; 0.24 (0.00-

119 uced at a rate of 0.3 to 4.8 kg Cr(VI)/km(2)/yr and subsequently flushed from soil during water infil

120 ation, exporting 0.01 to 3.9 kg Cr(VI)/km(2)/yr at concentrations ranging from 25 to 172 mug/L.

121 0.37 kg/m(2)/yr), OC (0.28 vs. 0.18 kg/m(2)/yr) and TN (3.7 vs. 6.1 g/m(2)/yr) ever reported for coe

122 0.18 kg/m(2)/yr) and TN (3.7 vs. 6.1 g/m(2)/yr) ever reported for coeval peatlands.

123 nial timescale, of OM (0.63 vs. 0.37 kg/m(2)/yr), OC (0.28 vs. 0.18 kg/m(2)/yr) and TN (3.7 vs. 6.1 g

124 In the present study, a 2-yr comparison of transgenic cry1Ie maize (Event IE09S034

125 ater in two sets of 19-l pots, each with a 2-yr-old avocado plant (Persea americana), were identicall

126 fibrosis patients, spanning a period of 2-20 yr and a broad range of epidemic lineages.

127 es in microbial decay in a long-term (ca. 20 yrs.) N deposition experiment have altered the biochemic

128 We simulated long-term (>20 yrs.) connectivity patterns driven by remotely-sensed se

129 We used a 21-yr record of litterfall rates to explore the influence o

130 eplacement and had a median age of 11 and 22 yr, respectively.

131 Median age (TVAE: 30.5 yrs vs TGAE: 25 yrs; P < 0.017), body mass index (TVAE: 22.8 kg/m vs TGA

132 asthma with early (<1 yr; 1.5%) and late (<3 yr; 4.1%) onset during early childhood.

133 imental stress and background climate over 3 yr.

134 ar follow-up of 692 middle-aged (46.7+/-12.3 yrs), low-income BACH/Bone cohort participants.

135 CCI than in patients with low CCI (RFS at 3 yrs 26% vs. 41%, P = 0.003; CSS at 5 yrs 46% vs. 64%, P

136 y over the whole period (2.8% yr(-1) to 8.3% yr(-1)), but FOSA declined by 13% yr(-1) after 2006.

137 S for patients with node-positive disease (3-yr OS 34.3 % vs 27.8%, P < 0.001) or positive margins (3

138 vs 27.8%, P < 0.001) or positive margins (3-yr OS 36.4% vs 18.0%, P < 0.001).

139 To determine whether a long-term (3-yr) maintenance program after PR preserves the short-ter

140 e in the fjords between c. 15,170 and 13,340 yr ago coincided with a period of cooler, wetter climate

141 cted to grow by up to 110% in the next 30-35 yr.

142 cted to grow by up to 110% in the next 30-35 yr.

143 cy of blood neutrophils from young (aged <35 yr) and old (aged >60 yr) patients in health and during

144 experienced higher forest losses (e.g. 0.39% yr(-1) in IUCN cat III), yet even highest status areas l

145 ex ratio, 1.05; mean +/- SD age, 51 +/- 11.4 yr) were included.

146 study (n = 1,551 subjects; study duration, 4 yr) were examined to determine frequencies of (1) diagno

147 over long spatial or temporal scales (10(4) yr; 10(2) km) but over shorter timescales most of the de

148 ciated with worse physical-functioning (-0.4/yr, P = 0.008).

149 treatment were stage (III), younger age (<40 yrs), Black or Hispanic race/ethnicity versus non-Hispan

150 ce-based model of mast seeding using four 40-yr Chionochloa (snow tussock) datasets; and comparing th

151 At ~4,400 yr BP, within the cultural transition horizon, abrupt ch

152 8000-6600 yr ago); Yamnaya people (5300-4700 yr ago); and modern-day Northeastern Europeans.

153 s turnover was slow and was reduced from 1.5 yr(-1) in the control to 0.65 yr(-1) in the N-fertilized

154 We developed 5 yr of intra-seasonal and 62 yr of early- and late-wood d

155 Study (n = 5,861 subjects; study duration, 5 yr) and the Canadian Cohort of Obstructive Lung Disease

156 ospital admission rate, 4.8 vs. 3.3/person/5 yr), and had 51% higher mean 5-year hospital costs ($25,

157 Median age (TVAE: 30.5 yrs vs TGAE: 25 yrs; P < 0.017), body mass index (TVAE:

158 FS at 3 yrs 26% vs. 41%, P = 0.003; CSS at 5 yrs 46% vs. 64%, P = 0.003).

159 The 5-yr FFBF rate was 56% overall, 71% for those with a pre-S

160 7% per decade, ranging from 3.6% (ages 40-50 yr) to 12.7% (ages 70-80 yr).

161 increased nonsignificantly (0.1% [ages 40-50 yr] to 0.4% [ages 70-80 yr]; P = 0.34).

162 atients with a median age of 46 years (40-54 yr); 65% were males.

163 nfection (median [quartile 1, quartile 3] 58 yr [44, 69] vs 70 [52, 78]; p < 0.001), clinical present

164 of 196 patients were included (mean age, 59 yr); of them, 33% had methicillin-resistant Staphylococc

165 ges 0-2 yr), 39 preschool children (ages 3-6 yr), and 38 school-age children (7-16 yr) with CF before

166 ubjects had a mean (SD) age of 79 years (8.6 yr) and median (interquartile range) follow-up time of 1

167 /- 6.5 kg during a follow-up of 13.5 +/- 4.6 yrs.

168 ndex was strong in older patients (age, > 60 yr).

169 s from young (aged <35 yr) and old (aged >60 yr) patients in health and during a lower respiratory tr

170 ly bradycardic patients were older (65 vs 60 yr; p < 0.001) and had slightly lower illness severity (

171 We developed 5 yr of intra-seasonal and 62 yr of early- and late-wood delta(13) C and delta(18) O s

172 ts with and without delirium (median age, 63 yr; range, 23-84) who were assessed with the Edinburgh D

173 lanned readmissions exist among adult (18-64 yr) and older adult (>/=65 yr) emergency general surgery

174 t study of Medicare beneficiaries (aged > 64 yr) admitted to 2,757 acute-care hospitals in the United

175 There were 27.8 million elderly (age, > 64 yr) fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized

176 duced from 1.5 yr(-1) in the control to 0.65 yr(-1) in the N-fertilized treatment.

177 ealth insurance coverage among older (>/= 65 yr old) survivors of critical illness.

178 mong adult (18-64 yr) and older adult (>/=65 yr) emergency general surgery (EGS) patients; (2) vary b

179 Last Glacial Termination (LGT; 18,000-11,650 yrs ago) allows us to disentangle ice-climate feedbacks

180 Karelia, Hungary, and Sweden (from 8000-6600 yr ago); Yamnaya people (5300-4700 yr ago); and modern-d

181 on by an average of 3240 years (-900 to 6600 yr range) over the last two glacial cycles.

182 (median [interquartile range] age 63 [57-67] yr, median [interquartile range] Acute Physiology and Ch

183 Commonest age group was 50-69 yrs.

184 ith asthma who consented, 286 (mean age, 7.7 yr; male sex, 65.8%) were mite sensitized, and 284 were

185 s volume hospital were younger (64.7 vs 72.7 yr; p < 0.001) and were more likely to have commercial i

186 study was based on a long-term experiment (7 yr at the time of sampling) in which a C4 pasture grass

187 Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR; 14,600-12,700 yrs ago), with stabilisation during the subsequent mille

188 -sectional study in 2,308 adults (age, 20-72 yr).

189 998 References 998 It has been 75 yr since leaf respiratory metabolism in the light (day r

190 Seventy-one subjects (ages, 55-76 yr; apnea-hypopnea index, 0.2-96.6 events/h) were evalua

191 (43/77 yrs.; min/max) comprising 80% of the total population (n

192 opulation (52.9% women) was 33.6 years (14.8 yr).

193 althy young men (age [mean +/- SD], 31 +/- 8 yr; body weight, 83 +/- 10 kg) participated in the study

194 %) died during follow-up (mean follow-up 4.8 yr).

195 ed significantly over the whole period (2.8% yr(-1) to 8.3% yr(-1)), but FOSA declined by 13% yr(-1)

196 om 3.6% (ages 40-50 yr) to 12.7% (ages 70-80 yr).

197 ly (0.1% [ages 40-50 yr] to 0.4% [ages 70-80 yr]; P = 0.34).

198 The oldest patients (>/= 80 yr) had a significant higher risk of dying (adjusted odd

199 udies in adults (n = 3,109; age range, 18-81 yr) and eight studies in children (n = 454; age range, 3

200 ents who were the oldest ICU survivors (> 82 yr), survivors of mechanical ventilation, and discharged

201 ICU were older (63 +/- 16.5 vs 59.2 +/- 16.9 yr for resident-staffed medical ICU; p = 0.019), more li

202 Unexpectedly, elderly donors (>90 yrs) harbor fewer mutations than predicted, likely due t

203 in terrestrial habitats from c. 3.0 billion yr ago (Ga) onwards, creating localized 'oxygen oases' u

204 imated additional cost of over euro2 billion yr(-1).

205 t at the global scale, plants spend 2.4 Pg C yr(-1) to acquire 1.0 Pg N yr(-1) , and that the C cost

206 cosystem Productivity) by 0.26 and 0.03 Pg C yr(-1), respectively.

207 uction could be in the range of 116-385 Tg C yr(-1) , that is ~0.2-0.6% of the annual terrestrial net

208 otal sink of carbon at the rate of 1.26 Tg C yr(-1) .

209 al marine monoterpene emissions of 0.16 Tg C yr(-1), similar to a previous bottom-up estimate based o

210 an a previous top-down estimate of 29.5 Tg C yr(-1).

211 o demonstrate a approximately 689+/-53 (14)C-yr increase in the average residence time of carbon in t

212 e could sequester between 0.90 and 1.85 Pg C/yr, i.e. 26-53% of the target of the "4p1000 Initiative:

213 - 54 Tg and that it grew by 6.7 +/- 2.2 Tg C/yr over the past two decades primarily due to increasing

214 ing may be recycling 80 000 tonnes of carbon yr(-1) .

215 ntribute significantly (0.61 +/- 0.18 Tg CH4/yr, 95% CL) to U.S. emissions.

216 rd, California, subsidence rates reach 18 cm yr(-1) with a cumulative subsidence of 206 cm, which pot

217 ean decline in linear extension of -29.56 cm yr(-1) (+/-7.08 SE), which accounted for both erosion an

218 to a mean annual linear extension of 5.62 cm yr(-1) (+/-1.81 SE).

219 um subsidence rate in central Taiwan is 8 cm yr(-1).

220 t of 19 m with an average rate of 0.015 cm/yr.

221 control) and increased growth rate by 1.7 cm/yr (P = 0.0024 vs control).

222 oming from landfills in wet climates (>75 cm/yr precipitation) that contain 47% of U.S. solid waste.

223 erived from 8.3% of PAs (112 +/- 49.5 Tg CO2 yr(-1); n = 171).

224 the food surplus increased from 130 Mt CO2eq/yr to 530 Mt CO2eq/yr, an increase of more than 300%.

225 creased from 130 Mt CO2eq/yr to 530 Mt CO2eq/yr, an increase of more than 300%.

226 layed migration from the Beaufort Sea (4 day yr(-1) ) by Chukchi belugas.

227 in its western part (-0.020 +/- 0.064 m w.e. yr(-1)), while the Eastern Karakoram showed mass loss (-

228 , net uptake of CO2 (-1.4 +/- 0.6 kt CO2 -eq yr(-1) ) did not offset CH4 emission (3.7 +/- 0.03 kt CO

229 offset CH4 emission (3.7 +/- 0.03 kt CO2 -eq yr(-1) ), producing an overall positive radiative forcin

230 ive forcing effect of 2.4 +/- 0.3 kt CO2 -eq yr(-1) .

231 ricultural emissions of 8.2-14.5 Pg CO2 -eq. yr(-1) by 2050, significantly lower than many previous e

232 e meadow with ground elder can remove 0.55 g yr(-1) ha(-1) summation operator26PFASs.

233 of ground elder, potentially removing 0.65 g yr(-1) ha(-1) of summation operator26PFASs, while a simp

234 while there might be a maximum input of 12 g/yr via the Baltic Sea.

235 d total livestock methane emissions (8916 Gg/yr; lower and upper 95% confidence bounds of +/-19.3%) f

236 ssing activities produce an estimated 680 GL/yr of alkaline wastewater.

237 of summation operatorPCBs is 1240 +/- 531 kg yr(-1) out of the lake.

238 antially with an average velocity of 1.27 km yr(-1) , about double the pace of prior distribution shi

239 across terrestrial systems globally (0.61 km yr(-1) ).

240 average velocity of the centroid is 5.89 km.yr(-1) .

241 mosphere via direct bubble transport (0-2 kt yr(-1)) and via diffusive exchange of methane dissolving

242 issolving in the surface mixed layer (1-5 kt yr(-1)), as indicated by numerical modeling.

243 aint that limits species dispersal to <200 m yr(-1) to provide more realistic projections on species

244 s of all study species converged 1.0 million yr ago, probably reflecting the time when the walnut gen

245 hen stabilized there over the last 1 million yr.

246 ve barriers develop between 5 and 10 million yr after lineage splitting, thus leading to species form

247 y 4% of taxa estimated to be over 10 million yr old or older.

248 d these taxa are expected to be < 10 million yr old.

249 he species level of divergence by 10 million yr or so, they are likely to have gone extinct by that t

250 pe that originated approximately 100 million yr ago; therefore, the house fly is expected to have X a

251 lowed by migration into Russia c. 11 million yr ago (Ma), eastwards into North America by c. 4 Ma, an

252 es only originated in the last 20-15 million yr.

253 erature search are estimated to be 5 million yr old or younger, with only 4% of taxa estimated to be

254 xisted in the early Paleocene (56-66 million yr ago), probably in Australasia.

255 Early Oligocene (30.9 million yr ago (Ma)) and Late Miocene (10.1 Ma) divergence times

256 d annual rate of decline in FVC was 117.0 ml/yr (95% confidence interval, 76.3-157.8) and 98.9 ml/yr

257 reated with placebo was -225.7 and -221.0 ml/yr, and the nintedanib versus placebo difference in the

258 the mean decline in FEV1 was 56.4 (68.0) ml/yr versus 43.2 (59.9) ml/yr for those below the median (

259 eadmill duration was associated with 1.00 ml/yr less decline in FEV1 (P < 0.001) and 1.55 ml/yr less

260 3 to -2.9) in transitional women and -5.2 ml/yr (95% CI, -8.3 to -2.0) in post-menopausal women.

261 d mean FVC decline was increased by -10.2 ml/yr (95% confidence interval [CI], -13.1 to -7.2) in tran

262 tion was associated with an additional 23 ml/yr decline (95% confidence interval, 2-44; P = 0.03), an

263 ater decline in FEV1 (P < 0.001) and 3.27 ml/yr greater decline in FVC (P < 0.001).

264 to -7.2) in transitional women and -12.5 ml/yr (95% CI, -16.2 to -8.9) in post-menopausal women, com

265 line and Year 20 was associated with 2.54 ml/yr greater decline in FEV1 (P < 0.001) and 3.27 ml/yr gr

266 less decline in FEV1 (P < 0.001) and 1.55 ml/yr less decline in FVC (P < 0.001).

267 ) rate of decline in FEV1 was 39.0 (58.6) ml/yr.

268 usted mean FEV1 decline increased by -3.8 ml/yr (95% CI, -6.3 to -2.9) in transitional women and -5.2

269 severe exacerbation with an additional 87 ml/yr decline (95% confidence interval, 23-151; P = 0.008);

270 confidence interval, 76.3-157.8) and 98.9 ml/yr (95% confidence interval, 36.4-161.5).

271 was 56.4 (68.0) ml/yr versus 43.2 (59.9) ml/yr for those below the median (P = 0.044).

272 with surface elevation change of 4.2-11.0 mm yr(-1) compared with 1.5-7.2 mm yr(-1) for nearby refere

273 4.2-11.0 mm yr(-1) compared with 1.5-7.2 mm yr(-1) for nearby reference mangroves.

274 have declined from an average 4.2 to -0.4 mm yr(-1).

275 n on the southern Wasatch Fault at c. 0.5 mm yr(-1) tensile dislocation opening in the eastern Sevier

276 Geologic extension rates of c. 0.6 mm yr(-1) over the last c. 50 kyr in the eastern Sevier Des

277 urrent relative sea-level rise rates (2.6 mm yr(-1)), with surface elevation change of 4.2-11.0 mm yr

278 nd the sea level has risen at a rate of 3 mm/yr.

279 n rates of 29.6-35.3 (mean = 32.2) Gg N2 O-N yr(-1) and emission factors of 0.16-0.19% (mean = 0.17%)

280 ts spend 2.4 Pg C yr(-1) to acquire 1.0 Pg N yr(-1) , and that the C cost of N acquisition leads to a

281 (TN) of global food production was 171 Tg N yr(-1) in 2000.

282 Annual sequestration is 0.75 Tg OC yr(-1), with a CO2-equivalent value of $USD28.02 million

283 ly harvested in crops, and doubles (2-7 Tg P yr(-1)) for scenarios of cropland extent in 2050(6).

284 orests and, unexpectedly, increased 4.9% per yr from 1996 to 2014, likely indicating a recovery from

285 in the EVAR group [3.3 deaths per 100 person-yrs compared with 6.5 deaths per 100 person-yrs in the n

286 -yrs compared with 6.5 deaths per 100 person-yrs in the no-intervention group, adjusted hazard ratio

287 There were 187 deaths (22.6 per 100 person-yrs) in the EVAR group and 194 (22.1 per 100 person-yrs)

288 the EVAR group and 194 (22.1 per 100 person-yrs) in the no-intervention group.

289 mates of global Rs ranging from 83 to 108 Pg yr(-1) , but also highlight regions of uncertainty where

290 reference values as our estimate, of 35.9 Pg yr(-1) of soil eroded in 2012, is at least two times low

291 Global GPP varied from 108.1 to 128.2 PgC yr(-1) , 65% of the range of a recent model intercompari

292 ilar among phenotypes (roughly -3% predicted/yr); however, average timing differed, with early, middl

293 compared with the reference group (0-2 RTIs/yr).

294 s to ~7.4% of the total extent and a 0.22 Tg yr(-1) carbon sink.

295 ons over this period are 22.0 (19.6-24.3) Tg yr(-1), which is consistent with the emissions reported

296 ve not changed significantly (0.2 +/- 0.7 Tg yr(-1)) between 2010 and 2015, suggesting that major CH4

297 O2 during passive degassing, or 23 +/- 2 Tg/yr.

298 cal CH4 emissions of approximately 6-9 TgCH4 yr(-1) during this event.

299 r(-1) , and turnover rate was 10 +/- 3 times yr(-1) .

300 reen zone) M1-M2 type at the rate of 0.226 U/yr, whereas in patients bearing ApoE epsilon3/epsilon4,