ライフサイエンスコーパス: 2-aminopurine

1 s using a primer-template complex containing 2-aminopurine.

2 hitherto undetected physicochemical form of 2-aminopurine.

3 lated by PKR, and this could be inhibited by 2-aminopurine.

4 the fluorescent adenosine analogue 2'-deoxy, 2-aminopurine.

5 l with an emission maximum characteristic of 2-aminopurine.

6 Y mutator background or after treatment with 2-aminopurine.

7 stigated using the fluorescent purine analog 2-aminopurine.

8 lectively incorporated the fluorescent probe 2-aminopurine 2'-O-methylriboside (2-AP) into the RRE se

9 oter of Escherichia coli was investigated by 2-aminopurine (2,AP) fluorescence.

10 Although the use of 2-aminopurine (2-AP) as a probe in stopped-flow analyses

11 le substitutions of the fluorescent A-analog 2-aminopurine (2-AP) at -11 and two other positions in p

12 By inserting the base analog 2-aminopurine (2-AP) at designated positions in 89 bp an

13 g a synthetic DNA primer/template containing 2-aminopurine (2-AP) at the template position opposite t

14 aperone activity in the DIS conversion using 2-aminopurine (2-AP) fluorescence and nuclear magnetic r

15 ryptophan fluorescence in the polymerase and 2-aminopurine (2-AP) fluorescence in the promoter DNA up

16 The PKR inhibitor 2-aminopurine (2-AP) inhibited TNF-alpha/IFN-gamma-induc

17 ctive incorporation of the fluorescent probe 2-aminopurine (2-AP) into a truncated form of the RRE se

18 The fluorescent base analogue 2-aminopurine (2-AP) is commonly used to study specific

19 Using 2-aminopurine (2-AP) labeled sequences derived from the

20 age T7 RNA polymerase was investigated using 2-aminopurine (2-AP) modified promoters.

21 template DNA constructs with 1 or 2 adjacent 2-aminopurine (2-AP) nucleotide residues (adenine analog

22 bstrates containing the fluorescent reporter 2-aminopurine (2-AP) on the template strand, either at t

23 se protein kinase pathway by the addition of 2-aminopurine (2-AP) prior to the ODP arrests CHO cells

24 n-specifically labeled with monomer or dimer 2-aminopurine (2-AP) probes to map the local interaction

25 mploy short (86 bp) synthetic promoters with 2-aminopurine (2-AP) substitutions in the region that be

26 used DNA containing the fluorescent reporter 2-aminopurine (2-AP) to study the reaction pathway of th

27 anscription is activated in AMphi and PMphi, 2-aminopurine (2-AP) was used to block dsRNA-mediated ac

28 analogs [inosine (I), purine riboside (PR), 2-aminopurine (2-AP), 2,6-diaminopurine (2,6-DAP), isogu

29 2-Aminopurine (2-AP), a fluorescent analog of adenine, h

30 ution of A in the standing start position by 2-aminopurine (2-AP), a fluorescent base analogue.

31 Treatment with 2-aminopurine (2-AP), a serine/threonine kinase inhibito

32 4(2-AP)T5), containing the fluorescent base, 2-aminopurine (2-AP), and dT(pT)15 labeled at its 3'-end

33 We have used a fluorescent adenine analog, 2-aminopurine (2-Ap), as a probe of local double helical

34 corporating the fluorescent nucleotide probe 2-aminopurine (2-AP), opposite to the site (AB-APopp) or

35 The fluorescent adenine base analogue, 2-aminopurine (2-AP), placed opposite an abasic site ana

36 strains are sensitive to the DNA base analog 2-aminopurine (2-AP), we screened for 2-AP-resistant (2-

37 Interaction of VP55 with 2-aminopurine (2-AP)-containing primers was associated w

38 quartz substrate from the DNA base analogue 2-aminopurine (2-AP).

39 t to a fluorescent nucleotide reporter group 2-aminopurine (2-AP).

40 hase cells with the protein kinase inhibitor 2-aminopurine (2-AP).

41 stituted with the fluorescent reporter base, 2-aminopurine (2-AP).

42 tures using the fluorescent adenine analogue 2-aminopurine (2-AP).

43 TG) in DNA can be converted to S6-methylthio-2-aminopurine (2-AP-6-SCH3) and 2-aminopurine-6-sulfonic

44 The fluorescent probe, 2-aminopurine-2'-O-methyl riboside (2-AP) has been selec

45 The base pair formed between 2-aminopurine (2AP) and cytosine (C) is an intermediate

46 e determined using RNA hairpins labeled with 2-aminopurine (2AP) and monitoring the fluorescence chan

47 he nucleodyes make good FRET pairs with both 2-aminopurine (2AP) and pyrrolocytosine (PyC).

48 We have used 2-aminopurine (2AP) as a fluorescent probe in the templa

49 2-Aminopurine (2AP) fluorescence intensity and decay lif

50 Circular dichroism spectroscopy and 2-aminopurine (2AP) fluorescence studies show no evidenc

51 ucleotide that is melted by the mtRNAP using 2-aminopurine (2AP) fluorescence that is sensitive to ch

52 e been examined using time-resolved FRET and 2-aminopurine (2AP) fluorescence.

53 (CAG)n repeat, we have substituted a single 2-aminopurine (2AP) fluorescent base for adenine at sele

54 The fluorescent adenine analog 2-aminopurine (2AP) has been used extensively to monitor

55 2-Aminopurine (2AP) is a fluorescent analog of guanosine

56 2-Aminopurine (2AP) is an analogue of adenine that has b

57 ymerase (T4 pol) to primer-template DNA with 2-aminopurine (2AP) located at the primer terminus resul

58 y-state fluorescence of the adenine analogue 2-aminopurine (2AP) opposite an abasic site demonstrated

59 In both cases, the base analogue 2-aminopurine (2AP) proved tremendously useful-first as

60 ocesses were triggered by photoexcitation of 2-aminopurine (2AP) residues site-specifically positione

61 e have used the fluorescent adenine analogue 2-aminopurine (2Ap) to probe the local double-helical st

62 Here we describe the application of 2-aminopurine (2AP), a fluorescent isomer of adenine, to

63 of this riboswitch and the ligands adenine, 2-aminopurine (2AP), and 2,6-diaminopurine (DAP).

64 archetypical fluorescent nucleoside analog, 2-aminopurine (2Ap), has been used in countless assays,

65 sessed using the fluorescent purine analogue 2-aminopurine (2AP), incorporating 2AP between purine an

66 uorescence lifetimes of the adenine analogue 2-aminopurine (2AP), replacing adenine opposite the urac

67 e employed, containing the fluorescent base, 2-aminopurine (2AP), substituted at the -11 position in

68 In many of these analogues, such as 2-aminopurine (2AP), the fluorescence is quenched when i

69 base-modified nucleotides 2,6-diaminopurine, 2-aminopurine, 6-chloropurine, and inosine which would m

70 6-methylthio-2-aminopurine (2-AP-6-SCH3) and 2-aminopurine-6-sulfonic acid (2-AP-6-SO3H) upon reactio

71 The fluorescent nucleotide 2-aminopurine (a*) reports mainly on base stacking.

72 commonly used fluorescent ribonucleoside is 2-aminopurine, a highly responsive purine analogue.

73 Since 2-aminopurine, a serine/threonine kinase inhibitor that

74 Substitution of 2-aminopurine adjacent to the target base also results i

75 Finally, replacement of adenine by 2-aminopurine (AG --> 2-APG) had no effect on the second

76 fluorescence measurements of DNA containing 2-aminopurine allowed presteady-state real time observat

77 d thymine is just the first excited state of 2-aminopurine alone.

78 , treatment of porcine and bovine cells with 2-aminopurine, an inhibitor of PKR, increased the yield

79 oring the population of an initially excited 2-aminopurine, an isomer of adenine, we can follow the c

80 It relies on strategic incorporation of 2-aminopurine, an isosteric fluorescent adenosine analog

81 ding model with two intermediates, while the 2-aminopurine analogs required one intermediate.

82 dichroism (CD), fluorescence of adenine --> 2-aminopurine analogs, and fluorescence resonance energy

83 Various 2-aminopurine analogues of AdA were synthesized, all of

84 uplexes carried fluorescent DNA base analogs 2-aminopurine and 1,3-diaza-2-oxophenoxazine as environm

85 Studies with the nucleotide analogues 2-aminopurine and 2,6-diaminopurine indicated that this

86 Prior studies of 2-aminopurine and 7-deazaguanine effects had shown that

87 ase in photostability of a DNA base analogue 2-aminopurine and a coumarin derivative (7-HC) in 10-nm

88 hosphorylation of PKR and inhibitors of PKR, 2-aminopurine and adenine, ablated poly(I:C)-induced gen

89 The fluorescence emission spectra of the 2-aminopurine and FRET derivatives suggest greater solve

90 otein kinase R (PKR) dependent (abrogated by 2-aminopurine and greatly reduced in PKR-/- cells).

91 loped a rapid fluorescence-based assay using 2-aminopurine and measured the steady-state rate constan

92 By using 2-aminopurine and purine as the templating residues, whi

93 The fluorescence of the adenine analogue 2-aminopurine and the cytosine analogue pyrrolocytosine

94 ate) of a hydrogen-bonded complex containing 2-aminopurine and thymine is just the first excited stat

95 species is not a covalently modified form of 2-aminopurine and we suggest that it represents a hither

96 poorly in the presence of the base analogue 2-aminopurine, and exposure to the base analogue results

97 urements with site-specifically incorporated 2-aminopurine, and functional assays indicate that the n

98 ence of the yield of CT between photoexcited 2-aminopurine (Ap) and G through DNA bridges of varied l

99 MB-FB) which uses the fluorescent bases (FB) 2-aminopurine (AP) and pyrrolo-dC (P-dC) as fluorophores

100 uplex by examining photoinduced quenching of 2-aminopurine (Ap) as a result of hole transfer (HT) to

101 sequence-specific hydration dynamics, using 2-aminopurine (Ap) as the intrinsic fluorescence probe a

102 nts of analogous primer-templates containing 2-aminopurine (AP) at the primer 3' terminus indicate th

103 conformational changes upon catalysis, while 2-aminopurine (AP) fluorescence assays have detected con

104 ere, we use the fluorescent guanine analogue 2-aminopurine (AP) in nucleotide position 76, immediatel

105 2-Aminopurine (AP) is a highly mutagenic base analog.

106 or RNA that is based on the use of the CD of 2-aminopurine (AP) residues as a probe.

107 The base analog 2-aminopurine (AP) strongly promotes A.T to G.C and G.C

108 in which a fluorescent nucleobase analogue, 2-aminopurine (AP), occupies defined positions with resp

109 ans-cleaving HDV ribozyme to the fluorescent 2-aminopurine (AP), we can directly monitor local confor

110 and DNA:RNA hybrids containing photoexcited 2-aminopurine (Ap).

111 Using 2-aminopurine as a dangling end purine base, we have emp

112 With 2-aminopurine as a fluorescent reporter in the DNA subst

113 Using 2-aminopurine as a site-specific fluorescent probe in pl

114 is the recognition of 2,6-diaminopurine and 2-aminopurine, as confirmed in crystal structures of res

115 2-Aminopurine at positions +3, +4, or +5 in the nonsciss

116 olymerase binding to promoters incorporating 2-aminopurine at positions -4 through -1 support a model

117 d to synthetic tRNA(1)(Leu) substituted with 2-aminopurine at positions 36 and 37, fluorescence energ

118 capture the ultrafast decay dynamics of the 2-aminopurine base as the ligand, we have detected the p

119 energy transfer from normal DNA bases to the 2-aminopurine base in synthesized DNA oligomers were inv

120 ribonucleotide substrate containing a uracil:2-aminopurine base pair.

121 Single 2-aminopurine bases are introduced into otherwise standa

122 On binding CCE1, 2-aminopurine bases located at the point of strand excha

123 or conformational probes comprising pairs of 2-aminopurine bases site-specifically replacing adenine

124 Stacking 2-aminopurine between two guanine moieties is shown to s

125 (5)M(-1)s(-1) and 2.1 x 10(5)mM(-1)s(-1) for 2-aminopurine binding the adenine-responsive mutant ribo

126 reduced markedly by treatment of cells with 2-aminopurine but not by genistein.

127 lycosylase activity on 2-aminopurine/G and A/2-aminopurine but weaker activity on A/C than E. coli Mu

128 Stopped-flow fluorescence studies using 2-aminopurine-containing oligodeoxyribonucleotides furth

129 om GTP binding to polymerase and fluorescent 2-aminopurine-containing promoter DNA complex.

130 The ability of protein-Ca(2+) to rearrange 2-aminopurine-containing substrates was monitored by low

131 via a disulfide bond, 2'-deoxy-6-(cystamine)-2-aminopurine (d6Cys2AP) was synthesized and incorporate

132 ol)-primer-template (P/T) complex containing 2-aminopurine (dAP) and a metal exchange-inert Rh(III) d

133 Equilibrium binding studies utilizing a 2-aminopurine deoxypseudouridine DNA substrate showed th

134 At neutral pH, RNAs with adenine, 2-aminopurine, dimethyladenine or purine substitutions a

135 revealed upon GTP binding to the polymerase.2-aminopurine DNA complex.

136 DNA bending by FRET and DNA unpairing using 2-aminopurine exciton pair CD to determine the DNA and p

137 and filamentation phenotypes associated with 2-aminopurine exposure are effectively suppressed by nul

138 o the IRE-RNA, altering its conformation (by 2-aminopurine fluorescence and ethidium bromide displace

139 By using 2-aminopurine fluorescence as the base flipping probe we

140 atomic force microscopy (AFM) supported by a 2-aminopurine fluorescence base flipping assay to study

141 uishable observed rate constants of FRET and 2-aminopurine fluorescence changes indicate that DNA ben

142 Similarly, stopped-flow 2-aminopurine fluorescence changes showed that promoter

143 l-methionine to the M.EcoKI:DNA complex, the 2-aminopurine fluorescence changes to that of a new spec

144 Stopped-flow fluorometry monitoring the 2-aminopurine fluorescence defined the kinetics of uraci

145 2-Aminopurine fluorescence experiments indicate that thi

146 The slowest step detected by 2-aminopurine fluorescence increase is assigned to the f

147 ition of the correct NTP to the T7 RNAP-DNA, 2-aminopurine fluorescence increased rapidly and exponen

148 Thus it appears that 2-aminopurine fluorescence intensity is not a clear indi

149 Base-flipping kinetics (monitored using 2-aminopurine fluorescence intensity) were essentially s

150 The increase in 2-aminopurine fluorescence is specific to the editing si

151 M247 appears to be unimportant, but 2-aminopurine fluorescence measurements show that Y261 p

152 eous DNA duplexes that is based on combining 2-aminopurine fluorescence measurements with a new quant

153 transfer analysis showed that a decrease in 2-aminopurine fluorescence occurs only when AdoMet is pr

154 ously reported that ADAR2 induced changes in 2-aminopurine fluorescence of a modified substrate, cons

155 re similar, and both NC and Gag affected the 2-aminopurine fluorescence of bases close to the loop bi

156 Here, we use NMR and 2-aminopurine fluorescence spectroscopy to examine how D

157 ional dynamics, as detected by time-resolved 2-aminopurine fluorescence spectroscopy.

158 g fluorescence resonance energy transfer and 2-aminopurine fluorescence studies reveals that DNA bend

159 We used 2-aminopurine fluorescence to monitor promoter melting a

160 ion uses both steady-state and time-resolved 2-aminopurine fluorescence to show pronounced unwinding

161 Tel22 by circular dichroism (CD), intrinsic 2-aminopurine fluorescence, and fluorescence resonance e

162 Using 2-aminopurine fluorescence-based equilibrium and kinetic

163 scence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and 2-aminopurine fluorescence.

164 mplex formation leads to a rapid increase of 2-aminopurine fluorescence.

165 myces cerevisiae has been investigated using 2-aminopurine fluorescence.

166 nter of the DNA junction that is observed by 2-aminopurine fluorescence.

167 diated CT across adenine tracts monitored by 2-aminopurine fluorescence.

168 reported directly from the mismatch site by 2-aminopurine fluorescence.

169 tegic and systematic single-substitutions of 2-aminopurine for adenine bases.

170 The substitution of 2-aminopurine for adenine on the probe DNA sequence enab

171 SpMYH has greater glycosylase activity on 2-aminopurine/G and A/2-aminopurine but weaker activity

172 y was completely inhibited by chelerythrine, 2-aminopurine, genistein, and W-7 and only partially or

173 We find that 2-aminopurine gives enhanced fluorescence emission not o

174 The fluorescence of 2-aminopurine has been previously shown to depend on the

175 Use of the fluorescent base analogue 2-aminopurine has provided a direct demonstration of the

176 rs of magnitude (from 5.9 nM to 0.59 mM) for 2-aminopurine in a 1 cm x 0.17 cm fluorescence cuvette.

177 M.PspGI enhances fluorescence of 2-aminopurine in DNA if it replaces the second C in the

178 y monitoring the increase in fluorescence of 2-aminopurine in DNA-T7 RNA polymerase complexes, we obt

179 ach, we insert the fluorescent base analogue 2-aminopurine in place of A1492 in an E. coli 16S rRNA A

180 lates containing the fluorescent base analog 2-aminopurine in place of adenine at specific positions

181 DNA internally labeled with the base analog 2-aminopurine in place of adenine to monitor transcripti

182 ylated DNA containing the fluorescent analog 2-aminopurine in place of the target adenine.

183 rgy CD spectra and fluorescence lifetimes of 2-aminopurine in substrates and products that were indic

184 al folding kinetics of a ribozyme containing 2-aminopurine in the loop of P9.

185 g FRET between end labels or fluorescence of 2-aminopurine in the stem as conformational probes, yiel

186 Specific inhibition of PKR by 2-aminopurine in these FA BM cells attenuates PKR activa

187 The fluorescence of 2-aminopurine increases when the DNA goes from a double-

188 same cannot be said for structures in which 2-aminopurine is base stacked with other nucleobases.

189 ne dimer, and no changes are detected if the 2-aminopurine is moved opposite the 3'-thymine of the py

190 structure is available, the fluorescence of 2-aminopurine is often used as a signal for base flippin

191 th the identity of the nucleobase with which 2-aminopurine is stacked.

192 des on the femtosecond dynamics of boxB RNA (2-aminopurine labeled in different positions), through m

193 tigate the nature of PAP domain flexibility, 2-aminopurine labeled molecular probes were employed in

194 5 peptides using fluorescent titrations with 2-aminopurine labeled versions of the three GNRA-folded

195 studies presented include the utilization of 2-aminopurine-labeled DNA substrates, 2-aminopurine nucl

196 emission maximum of a duplex substrate with 2-aminopurine located at the editing site, consistent wi

197 active enzyme, the correct cofactor and the 2-aminopurine located at the methylation site.

198 surements of a fluorescent adenine analogue (2-aminopurine) located at the 3'-primer terminus.

199 Our 2-aminopurine mapping studies show that the LSP (Light S

200 A series of 13 new (S,Z)-2-aminopurine methylenecyclopropane analogues was synthe

201 es showed that HX RNA carrying a fluorescent 2-aminopurine modification provides a model system that

202 , and abasic modifications and G378/379 with 2-aminopurine, N7-deazaguanosine, and 6-thioguanosine.

203 each with a single, strategically positioned 2-aminopurine nucleobase substitution.

204 ups not only from N(6)-substituted purine or 2-aminopurine nucleoside monophosphates but also from O(

205 fically acts at the 6-position of purine and 2-aminopurine nucleoside monophosphates.

206 e with a quantum yield comparable to that of 2-aminopurine nucleoside.

207 ion of 2-aminopurine-labeled DNA substrates, 2-aminopurine nucleotide triphosphate, a nonhydrolyzable

208 using site-specific substitution of 2'-deoxy-2-aminopurine nucleotides at key adenosine positions.

209 influence of Gag on the fluorescence of the 2-aminopurine nucleotides at the base of the helix impli

210 ed the fluorescence intensity of one or more 2-aminopurine or 6-methylisoxanthopterin base analogs in

211 In cells pre-exposed to the PKR inhibitor 2-aminopurine or in PKR-null cells, the activation of p3

212 complexes, alteration of a guanine to either 2-aminopurine or nebularine resulted in an increase in K

213 changes were observed with G:pyrrolo dC or T:2-aminopurine pairs.

214 The 2-aminopurine phosphoramidite prepared by this method co

215 I was not affected by inhibition of PKR with 2-aminopurine, phosphorylation of MKK3/6 and p38 as well

216 Substitutions with 2-aminopurine probe base exposure throughout this struct

217 rly conformational transition, reported by a 2-aminopurine probe, that takes place in the open ternar

218 2-Aminopurine probes at the upstream ends of the hairpin

219 ight bases upstream of the pause site, while 2-aminopurine probes show that the elongation bubble ext

220 on coupling in the CD spectra of dimer 2-AP (2-aminopurine) probes at various positions in the ssDNA

221 to be readily hydrogenated to give purine or 2-aminopurine products in good yield.

222 ced by one-electron oxidation of 8-oxoGua by 2-aminopurine radicals generated by the two-photon ioniz

223 The fluorescent nucleobase 2-aminopurine replaced three individual adenines, two of

224 he mechanism for selective hydrolysis of the 2-aminopurine residue in alkaline solution is predominan

225 The presence and location of the 2-aminopurine residue is easily verified by treatment of

226 esis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing 2-aminopurine residues at selected sites.

227 spectra of site-specifically placed pairs of 2-aminopurine residues have been used to probe the roles

228 We located the 2-aminopurine residues in the presumed melting domain of

229 by observing the increase in fluorescence of 2-aminopurine residues incorporated in the oligos.

230 ls generated by the two-photon ionization of 2-aminopurine residues site specifically positioned in 5

231 ergy CD and fluorescence spectra of pairs of 2-aminopurine residues that have been inserted at define

232 The advantage of using pairs of 2-aminopurine residues, inserted at defined nucleic acid

233 Pyrrolocytosine or 2-aminopurine residues, site-specifically substituted fo

234 This method involves protection of the 2-aminopurine ribonucleoside, reduction to the deoxyribo

235 uantum yield of nucleotide analogues such as 2-aminopurine strongly depends on base stacking interact

236 Our 2-aminopurine studies show that helicase and polymerase

237 nce of RNA polymerase and DNA fragments with 2-aminopurine substituted at specific positions.

238 phasor diagrams is demonstrated here using a 2-aminopurine substituted telomeric G-quadruplex sequenc

239 ensemble, and fluorescence measurements with 2-aminopurine-substituted 3A-DNA provided initial tests

240 The effects of 2-aminopurine substitution on the physical and structura

241 e of the HIV-1 packaging signal (Psi), using 2-aminopurine substitution to create a series of modifie

242 roperties of this hairpin are assessed using 2-aminopurine substitutions for adenine at six positions

243 base stacking on fluorescence quantum yield, 2-aminopurine substitutions for adenine previously demon

244 The fluorescence properties of the 2-aminopurine substitutions showed features consistent w

245 Fluorescence experiments using 2-aminopurine suggest that LNA modifications enhance bas

246 ed mutation frequency, the dam mutants had a 2-aminopurine-susceptible phenotype that could be suppre

247 ociation rates; e.g., the protein releases a 2-Aminopurine:T base pair approximately 90-fold faster t

248 dues site specifically positioned in 5'-d(CC[2-aminopurine]TC[8-oxoGua]CTACC).

249 By analyzing changes in fluorescence of a 2-aminopurine template base undergoing replication in re

250 This probe is up to 50-fold brighter than 2-aminopurine, the fluorescent nucleoside standard.

251 itored using the fluorescence intensities of 2-aminopurines, the changes in the intensity relative to

252 an experiment showing that installation of a 2-aminopurine-thymine base pair at the cross-linking sit

253 The fluorescent adenine analogue 2-aminopurine was incorporated at various single positio

254 The fluorescent nucleotide 2-aminopurine was substituted at selected sites within t

255 Using the fluorescent probe 2-aminopurine, we show that inhibitors interact with hig

256 Using single substitutions of adenine with 2-aminopurine, we show that intrastrand folding in repea

257 methyltransferase (GAATTC) was replaced with 2-aminopurine, which fluoresces upon excitation at 310 n

258 Like 2-aminopurine, which substitutes for adenine bases, the