ライフサイエンスコーパス: AFGP

1 AFGP/ice dynamics was dominated by fast-scale motions (n

2 AFGPs appear to remain undegraded in the intestinal mili

3 AFGPs in both fishes are made as a family of discretely

4 ucture as its overall conformation, although AFGP does adopt other conformations during the course of

5 d genomic DNA libraries for AFGP-bearing and AFGP-lacking species across the gadid phylogeny and perf

6 a combination of freeze avoidance offered by AFGPs and subsequent exploitation of new habitats and op

7 e protease), and surprisingly three chimeric AFGP/TLP, one of which was previously hypothesized to be

8 e liver, is the likely source of circulatory AFGPs in notothenioid fishes.

9 te from a pancreatic trypsinogen, Arctic cod AFGP genes share no sequence identity with the trypsinog

10 type length variation results from different AFGP copy number, suggesting substantial dynamism existe

11 This distinguishes AFGPs and PVA from rigid antifreeze proteins and, we arg

12 ess the molecular characteristics that endow AFGPs with their exceptional IRI potency.

13 We selected fish AFGPs (AFGP8, AFGP1-5), and a beetle AFP (DAFP1) with in

14 We constructed genomic DNA libraries for AFGP-bearing and AFGP-lacking species across the gadid p

15 hat all genic components of the extant gadid AFGP originated from entirely nongenic DNA.

16 The gadid AFGP evolutionary process also represents a rare example

17 of the 14-amino acid antifreeze glycoprotein AFGP-8 have concluded that the molecule lacks long-range

18 e protein (AFP) and antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) are attached onto the surface of well-defined Au c

19 ern gadid (codfish) antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) gene from a minimal noncoding sequence.

20 adaptive phenotype, antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) that enables Antarctic notothenioid survival in th

21 Antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) are the most potent IRI.

22 roteins (AFPs) and antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) enable the survival of organisms living in subfre

23 The origin of antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) in Antarctic notothenioid fishes has become a cla

24 ave found that the antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) of the predominant Antarctic fish taxon, the noto

25 proteins (AFPs) or antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) to avoid inoculative freezing by internalized ice

26 uce near-identical antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) to survive in their respective freezing environme

27 Antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs), found in the blood of polar fish at concentratio

28 ults provide evidence for a new model of how AFGPs prevent water from freezing.

29 o the nature of conformations and motions in AFGP-8, we have undertaken molecular dynamics simulation

30 osition and relative abundance of intestinal AFGP isoforms are nearly identical to serum AFGPs.

31 rption of intact pancreas-derived intestinal AFGPs, and not the liver, is the likely source of circul

32 GP in D(2)O, in H(2)O, and of freeze-dried m*AFGP were performed as a function of temperature.

33 (13)C-NMR experiments of m*AFGP in D(2)O, in H(2)O, and of freeze-dried m*AFGP were

34 saida were dimethylated at the N-terminus (m*AFGP) and their dynamics and conformational properties w

35 tein genes, with each gene encoding multiple AFGP molecules linked in tandem by small cleavable space

36 First, although Antarctic notothenioid AFGP genes have been shown to originate from a pancreati

37 uence divergence (4-7%) between notothenioid AFGP and trypsinogen genes indicates that the transforma

38 haracterization and analyses of notothenioid AFGP and trypsinogen genes.

39 nto the molecular mechanisms of notothenioid AFGP gene family evolution driven by Southern Ocean glac

40 fferent NMR structures, 20 ns of dynamics of AFGP were explored.

41 Addition of less than 1 mg/ml of AFGP prevents up to 100% of this leakage, both during ch

42 effect of hydration on the local mobility of AFGP and the lack of significant change in the backbone

43 eoclimate, we demonstrate that the origin of AFGP occurred between 42 and 22 Ma, which includes a per

44 le differences in the motional properties of AFGP between the different states.

45 he exocrine pancreas to be the major site of AFGP synthesis and secretion in all life stages, and tha

46 we conclude that the stabilizing effects of AFGPs on intact cells during chilling reported by Rubins

47 We investigated the effects of AFGPs on the leakage of a trapped marker from liposomes

48 t least 10 million years after the origin of AFGPs, during a second cooling event in the Late Miocene

49 s a contributor to the higher IRI potency of AFGPs.

50 : the complete absence of liver synthesis of AFGPs in any life stage of the Antarctic notothenioids,

51 ntrol crystal growth of carbohydrates and on AFGPs controlling non-ice-like crystals.

52 tion in all life stages, and that pancreatic AFGPs enter the intestinal lumen via the pancreatic duct

53 The primordial AFGP gene apparently arose through recruitment of the 5'

54 la-Ala unit from which the extant repetitive AFGP-coding sequence (cds) arose through tandem duplicat

55 ions, we reconstructed the highly repetitive AFGP genomic locus.

56 Third, the repetitive AFGP tripeptide (Thr-Ala/Pro-Ala) coding sequences are d

57 se two polar fishes evolved their respective AFGPs separately and thus arrived at the same AFGPs thro

58 FGPs separately and thus arrived at the same AFGPs through convergent evolution.

59 AFGP isoforms are nearly identical to serum AFGPs.

60 that the presence of prolines in this small AFGP structure facilitates the adoption of the poly-prol

61 (363.6 kbp and 467.4 kbp) containing tandem AFGP, two TLP (trypsinogen-like protease), and surprisin

62 h it is orders of magnitude less potent than AFGPs.

63 This pattern indicates that AFGP was not the sole trigger of the notothenioid adapti

64 The dynamics show that AFGP structure is composed of four segments, joined by v

65 The data suggest that AFGP adopts a similar type of three-dimensional fold bot

66 usly, Rubinsky et al. provided evidence that AFGPs block ion fluxes across membranes during cooling,

67 d substructures provide strong evidence that AFGPs in these two polar fishes in fact evolved independ

68 tifreeze activity may be induced because the AFGP perturbs the aqueous solvent over long distances.

69 n the frigid Southern Ocean, we isolated the AFGP genomic locus from a bacterial artificial chromosom

70 m existed in the evolutionary history of the AFGP gene family.

71 arent similarities, detailed analyses of the AFGP gene sequences and substructures provide strong evi

72 Characterizations of the AFGP genes from notothenioids and the Arctic cod show th

73 ormed fine-scale comparative analyses of the AFGP genomic loci and homologs.

74 ntegral part of the overall stability of the AFGP molecule.

75 , and of the main phyletic divergence of the AFGP-bearing notothenioid families at 7-15 mya.

76 ard bulk water behavior strongly reduces the AFGP antifreeze activity, further supporting our model.

77 Second, the AFGP genes of the two fish have different intron-exon or

78 thenioids and the Arctic cod show that their AFGPs are both encoded by a family of polyprotein genes,

79 In other words, this AFGP molecule has many structurally distinct and energet

80 The notothenioid trypsinogen to AFGP conversion is the first clear example of how an old

81 h was previously hypothesized to be a TLP-to-AFGP evolutionary intermediate.

82 eakage, although not to the extent seen with AFGPs.