ライフサイエンスコーパス: APN

1 APN also provides an exposed outer surface for coronavir

2 APN binds to, but does not degrade, NGR motifs in ECM pr

3 APN deficiency in 5xFAD mice accelerated amyloid loading

4 APN deficiency is associated with protection from chemic

5 APN exerts proinflammatory activities in the colon by in

6 APN expression produced sustained and significant elevat

7 APN induced AdipoR mRNA and protein expression by up-reg

8 APN inhibited the angiotensin type-1 receptor (AT1R), in

9 APN is a cell surface-anchored and seahorse-shaped zinc-

10 APN is expressed in the colon, luminal APN associates wi

11 APN knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type (WT) litterma

12 APN KO mice are protected from chemically induced coliti

13 APN receptors localize in the retina, particularly to pa

14 APN-KO mice also exhibited increased leukocyte adhesion

15 APN-KO mice exhibited enlarged brain infarction and incr

16 APN-KO mice showed decreased cerebral blood flow during

17 mice to generate APN-deficient 5xFAD (5xFAD;APN(-/-)).

18 euronal and synaptic loss in 5xFAD and 5xFAD;APN(-/-) mice.

19 Adiponectin (APN) is an adipokine that regulates insulin sensitivity

20 Adiponectin (APN) is an adipose tissue-derived factor with anti-infla

21 Adiponectin (APN), a pleiotropic adipokine that exerts anti-inflammat

22 Adiponectin (APN), an adipocyte-derived adipokine, has been shown to

23 Circulating adiponectin (APN) levels decrease with age and obesity.

24 lectrochemical immunosensor for adiponectin (APN) using screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) modi

25 ing, adipocyte-secreted hormone adiponectin (APN) exerts protective effects on the heart under stress

26 ent of periodontitis induced in adiponectin (APN) knockout mice, indicating the ability of APR to act

27 her increasing plasma levels of adiponectin (APN), a pleiotropic adipokine, provides therapeutic bene

28 Serum adiponectin (APN) concentrations positively correlate with postnatal

29 studies have demonstrated that adiponectin (APN) attenuates cerebral ischemic/reperfusion via globul

30 harmacokinetics study demonstrated adipoRon (APN receptor agonist) was a blood-brain barrier penetran

31 valuated their inhibition activities against APN.

32 herapeutic both in vitro and in vivo against APN-expressing prostate cancer models.

33 hat have significantly reduced lung airspace APN but high serum APN levels had pulmonary inflammatory

34 NA profiles to distinguish between allograft APN and AR.

35 derived from co-drugs combining a NEP and an APN inhibitor through a disulfide bond with side chains

36 s are evidence that the 106-kDa GPI-anchored APN is a specific binding protein, and a putative midgut

37 ical difference in expression between AR and APN.

38 d extensive colocalization of T-cadherin and APN on cardiomyocytes in vivo.

39 Cytokines and APN levels were measured.

40 phenotype controls the AdipoR expression and APN-mediated inflammatory response.

41 doplasmic reticulum stress is increased, and APN production is suppressed.

42 For both ASGP-R and APN and for both treatments, the block in trafficking wa

43 Participants in the standard and APN counseling groups were not statistically different b

44 ites during cerebral ischemia in both WT and APN-KO mice.

45 uring ischemia did not differ between WT and APN-KO mice.

46 ntly reduced cerebral infarct size in WT and APN-KO mice.

47 compared with apoE single-deficient (apoE-/-APN+/+) mice.

48 otein E/adiponectin double-deficient (apoE-/-APN-/-) mice had increased plasma IP-10 levels, accelera

49 tility, we examined the interactions between APN and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins.

50 the specific and stable interactions between APN and the NGR motifs in ECM proteins and tumor-homing

51 d pathological cardiac remodeling by binding APN and activating its cardioprotective functions.

52 The receptors binding APN to cardiac tissue, however, have remained elusive.

53 ce of apoptotic cells by macrophages in both APN-KO and wild-type mice.

54 , apoptosis and TNF-alpha production in both APN-KO and wild-type mice.

55 cts on lung endothelium were demonstrated by APN's ability to inhibit LPS-induced IL-6 production in

56 CD13/APN is also found in nonhematopoietic tissues, and its n

57 use mutation of this sequence abrogates CD13/APN transcription.

58 his report, it is shown that endogenous CD13/APN levels in primary cells and cell lines are up-regula

59 tively rescued by addition of exogenous CD13/APN protein.

60 Ets-2 by RAS/MAPK is a prerequisite for CD13/APN endothelial induction and Ets-2 and its targets play

61 f this pathway that are responsible for CD13/APN induction.

62 Ets-2 phosphorylation is obligatory for CD13/APN induction.

63 confirm a role for endogenous Ets-2 in CD13/APN expression, we specifically abrogated Ets-2 mRNA and

64 knockdown that significantly inhibited CD13/APN transcription.

65 CD13/aminopeptidase N (CD13/APN) is a potent regulator of angiogenesis both in vitro

66 The CD13/aminopeptidase N (CD13/APN) metalloprotease is an important regulator of angiog

67 in tumor vasculature, the regulation of CD13/APN by factors contributing to angiogenic progression wa

68 vitro and in vivo and transcription of CD13/APN in endothelial cells is induced by angiogenic growth

69 ere, we show that cytokine induction of CD13/APN in endothelial cells is regulated by distinct Ras ef

70 duced endogenous cell surface levels of CD13/APN in U937 cells.

71 To investigate the mechanisms of CD13/APN induction in tumor vasculature, the regulation of CD

72 Finally, functional antagonists of CD13/APN interfere with tube formation but not proliferation

73 d the possibility that the induction of CD13/APN is mediated by phosphorylation of Ets-2 via RAS/MAPK

74 Assessment of CD13/APN promoter responsiveness demonstrated that hDMP1alpha

75 mical inhibitors prevented induction of CD13/APN transcription in response to basic fibroblast growth

76 Reintroduction of CD13/APN, a shared downstream target of these pathways, overr

77 ular endothelial cells, suggesting that CD13/APN functions in the control of endothelial cell morphog

78 se studies provide strong evidence that CD13/APN is an important target of Ras signaling in angiogene

79 xenograft tumor growth, indicating that CD13/APN plays an important functional role in vasculogenesis

80 These studies clearly establish the CD13/APN metalloprotease as an important regulator of endothe

81 In the hematopoietic compartment, the CD13/APN metalloprotease is one of the earliest markers of ce

82 factors mapped to a 38-bp region of the CD13/APN promoter containing an Ets-core motif that specifica

83 ore, hDMP1beta was found to inhibit the CD13/APN promoter transactivation ability of hDMP1alpha.

84 (MEK) stimulate transcription from the CD13/APN proximal promoter.

85 to a lesser extent Ets-1, transactivate CD13/APN promoter activity via the Ets-core motif, whereas Fl

86 2 mutant, T72A, failed to transactivate CD13/APN, suggesting that Ets-2 phosphorylation is obligatory

87 Treatment of animals with CD13/APN inhibitors significantly impaired retinal neovascula

88 Circulating APN binds to bFGF and HB-EGF, likely inhibiting their pr

89 N in ROP development and whether circulating APN concentrations are increased by dietary omega-3 LCPU

90 eported that obese mice with low circulatory APN levels exhibited pulmonary vascular endothelial dysf

91 Thus, in colitis, APN exerts an opposite role compared with atherosclerosi

92 Expression of colonic APN overlaps with that of bFGF and HB-EGF, which play a

93 amount of APN care in minutes or contacts); APN (education, expertise, and experience); and host and

94 Conversely, APN uncovers a high-affinity epitope that is subsequentl

95 nce were used to confirm and characterize CP-APN interaction.

96 vity in sda mutants is caused by a defective APN gene that somehow increases seizure susceptibility.

97 Bm12 allografts into adiponectin-deficient (APN-/-, C57BL/6 background) or wild-type (APN+/+) mice.

98 injury, we subjected adiponectin-deficient (APN-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice to 1 hour of middle cere

99 chemia-reperfusion in adiponectin-deficient (APN-KO) mice resulted in increased myocardial infarct si

100 Adiponectin-deficient (APN-KO) mice were impaired in their ability to clear apo

101 emic inflammatory response in APN-deficient (APN(-/-)) mice compared with wild-type (wt) littermates.

102 The validity of DW MR imaging in diagnosing APN was assessed by deriving sensitivity, specificity, a

103 egulating AdipoR expression and differential APN-mediated macrophage inflammatory responses, which ca

104 expression may prove helpful to distinguish APN from AR in renal allograft biopsies.

105 e used as a diagnostic marker to distinguish APN from lower UTI and function as a diagnostic marker i

106 essential in developing studies to document APN effects on outcomes important to the country and reg

107 le N displayed growth retardation in Vero E6-APN cells compared to the wild-type virus.

108 These structural features enable APN to function ubiquitously in peptide metabolism, inte

109 he ability of APR to activate the endogenous APN receptors to exert osteoanabolic effects.

110 igh-molecular weight APN levels and enhanced APN localization in the artery wall.

111 s essential in developing studies to examine APN effectiveness internationally.

112 , in oxygen-induced retinopathy experiments, APN-deficient mice had a marked and dose-dependent defic

113 To explore APN-based tumor cell motility, we examined the interacti

114 -null mice, recombinant adenovirus-expressed APN reduced exaggerated hypertrophy and infarct size and

115 ase N (APN) of their natural host and feline APN (fAPN) as receptors.

116 Using mouse-feline APN chimeras, we identified three small, discontinuous r

117 rfusion models, T-cadherin was necessary for APN-dependent AMPK phosphorylation.

118 selected conditions, a calibration plot for APN was constructed showing a range of linearity extendi

119 ely, and its sensitivity and specificity for APN were compared with those of dimercaptosuccinic acid

120 set of phosphorylated peptides derived from APN to probe for interactions.

121 ed 5xFAD mice with APN(-/-) mice to generate APN-deficient 5xFAD (5xFAD;APN(-/-)).

122 742 in fAPN and the homologous R741 in human APN (hAPN) were key determinants of host range for FCoV,

123 bitors of N. meningitides, porcine and human APNs, and the reference leucine aminopeptidase (LAP).

124 This study further implicates APN as an integrin-like molecule that functions broadly

125 In APN-null mice, recombinant adenovirus-expressed APN redu

126 ation by 35% in wild-type mice and by 40% in APN-KO mice and leukostasis by 64% in wild-type mice and

127 tasis by 64% in wild-type mice and by 75% in APN-KO mice, which were associated with reduced TNF-alph

128 depicting focal parenchymal abnormalities in APN as was the 3- to 4-h DMSA routine procedure.

129 Adiponectin provision by adenovirus in APN-/- mice reversed these exacerbated responses to allo

130 The rejected allografts in APN-/- mice contained significantly higher levels of tum

131 ide metabolites in plasma were attenuated in APN-KO mice compared with WT mice.

132 Thus, cooperation in APN expression by both cancer cells and nonmalignant str

133 induce functional blood vessel formation in APN-null mice.

134 WBC, CRP, ESR and DNI were higher in APN than in lower UTI (p < 0.01).

135 activity of HB-EGF, restores inflammation in APN KO mice.

136 ost) cells on tumor growth and metastasis in APN-null mice.

137 enhanced pathological neovascularization in APN-KO mice by 34%, and the inhibitory effects of adipon

138 ung injury and inflammation were observed in APN(-/-) mice as early as 4 h after delivery of LPS.

139 On the other hand, a reduction in APN levels is associated with neurodegeneration and neur

140 xaggerated systemic inflammatory response in APN-deficient (APN(-/-)) mice compared with wild-type (w

141 Our results demonstrated that in APN(-/-) mice, there was an inherent state of endotheliu

142 in increased infarct size similar to that in APN-null mice.

143 e acute rejection relative to transplants in APN+/+ hosts accompanied by increased accumulation of CD

144 omega-3 LCPUFA feed in mice increases APN production by reducing adipose endoplasmic reticulum

145 Our findings suggest that increasing APN by omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation in total parental

146 To investigate APN-based tumor-homing therapy, we determined the crysta

147 strains, derived from 129S6/SvEvTAC, AKR/J, APN, BALB/cJ, BTBR-T+ tf/tf, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J,

148 A 70-kDa fragment of the 106-kDa APN was expressed in Escherichia coli.

149 In our study, a 106-kDa APN, called AgAPN2, released by phosphatidylinositol-spe

150 nvolved in toxicity, we truncated the 70-kDa APN fragment into peptides of 28- and 30-kDa ta and tb,

151 ously showed that aged adiponectin knockout (APN(-/-)) mice developed Alzheimer's like pathologies, c

152 mia was exacerbated in adiponectin-knockout (APN-KO) mice compared with wild-type mice (neovascular a

153 lleled corresponding defects in mice lacking APN.

154 s-derived, inbred strains: ALR/LtJ, ALS/LtJ, APN, APS, ICR/HaRos, NOD/LtJ, NON/LtJ, SJL/J, and SWR/J.

155 APN is expressed in the colon, luminal APN associates with colonic epithelial cells.

156 In M1 macrophages, APN induced proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha, IL-6,

157 In contrast, in M2 macrophages, APN induced the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 without

158 In T-cadherin-deficient mice, APN failed to associate with cardiac tissue, and its lev

159 In two independent tumor graft models, APN activity in both the tumors and the host cells coope

160 alogs exhibited a high affinity for monozinc APNs associated with a reasonable selectivity versus diz

161 ng a recombinant adenovirus expressing mouse APN (AdAPN) and as control, adenovirus expressing green

162 quon present between aa 288 to 290 in murine APN.

163 Tumor cell surface aminopeptidase N (APN or CD13) has two puzzling functions unrelated to its

164 een shown to activate CD13/aminopeptidase N (APN) and p19ARF gene expression via binding to canonical

165 e identify membrane alanyl aminopeptidase N (APN) as a receptor for pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) c

166 phila homolog of the human aminopeptidase N (APN) gene.

167 e group 1 coronavirus, use aminopeptidase N (APN) of their natural host and feline APN (fAPN) as rece

168 Mammalian aminopeptidase N (APN) plays multifunctional roles in many physiological p

169 inhibition of cell surface aminopeptidase N (APN) using actinonin, bestatin, or inhibitory peptides s

170 Recently, a 100-kDa aminopeptidase N (APN) was isolated from brush border membrane vesicles (B

171 Aminopeptidase N (APN), a 150-kDa metalloprotease also called CD13, serves

172 t has been well studied is aminopeptidase N (APN), a multifunctional protease known to cleave biologi

173 A 106-kDa aminopeptidase N (APN), called AgAPN2, was previously identified as a Cry1

174 nonspecific exopeptidase, aminopeptidase N (APN), is inhibited sequence-specifically by a synthetic

175 e-spanning apical resident aminopeptidase N (APN).

176 Aminopeptidase N (APN, CD13) is a transmembrane ectopeptidase involved in

177 Aminopeptidase N (APN, CD13; EC 3.4.11.2) is a transmembrane metalloprotea

178 in (NEP, EC 3.4.24.11) and aminopeptidase N (APN, EC 3.4.11.2).

179 Aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) is a zinc-dependent M1 aminopeptidase that con

180 The metalloprotease aminopeptidase N (APN; CD13) is often overexpressed in tumor cells and has

181 Lepidopteran midgut aminopeptidases N (APNs) are phylogenetically divided into eight clusters,

182 assification by using associative Petri net (APN) for personalized ECG-arrhythmia-pattern identificat

183 elation is shown to exist between neutrophil APN activity and the sensitivity of donor cells to TNFal

184 with 46 (22.3%) of 206 survivors in the non-APN group (P < .001).

185 he repurposing of PfA-M1 inhibitors as novel APN inhibitors.

186 Documentation of advanced practice nurses' (APNs) effectiveness globally is essential in developing

187 The proteolytic activity of APN promotes cancer angiogenesis and metastasis making i

188 est significant variation in the activity of APN/CD13 on the cell surface of neutrophils in normal in

189 hemically induced colitis; administration of APN restores inflammation.

190 ssification model and reasoning algorithm of APN are created for ECG arrhythmias classification.

191 actice site, region or country and amount of APN care in minutes or contacts); APN (education, expert

192 on (e.g., IL-6) only in endothelial cells of APN(-/-) mice when compared with wt mice.

193 e active site and peptide-binding channel of APN reside in cavities with wide openings, allowing easy

194 report of DW MR imaging in the detection of APN showed a very high sensitivity (96-100%) and specifi

195 underwent both DW MR and CECT, diagnosis of APN was made in 100 patients based on CECT, while in 12

196 al findings compatible with the diagnosis of APN were, for MAG3-F(0), regional parenchymal dysfunctio

197 esults demonstrated a dynamic dysfunction of APN/AdipoR1 accompanying T1DM progression.

198 this hypothesis by comparing the effects of APN deficiency in allografted malignant (tumor) and nonm

199 endothelium-dependent protective effects of APN.

200 Expression of APN and heparin binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF)

201 Expression of APN and its receptors, HB-EGF, and basic fibroblast grow

202 Among the 11 biopsies with features of APN, 4 biopsies showed good clustering with a pattern di

203 idney, n=4; unequivocal AR, n=5; features of APN, n=11).

204 entified 49 patients with biopsy features of APN, within the first 2 years posttransplant.

205 vo experiments support the identification of APN as the first receptor in a plant virus vector.

206 roved to be an extremely potent inhibitor of APN activity in vitro, selective against other zinc-depe

207 e to design a selective peptide inhibitor of APN that was an effective therapeutic both in vitro and

208 Loss of APN expression by the host and/or the malignant cells al

209 ildren and adults with a clinical picture of APN, diuretic MAG3 scintigraphy with zero time injection

210 lmonary endothelium-protective properties of APN are mediated, at least in part, by an enhancement of

211 of this study was to investigate the role of APN in intestinal inflammation.

212 We examined the role of APN in ROP development and whether circulating APN conce

213 is study elucidates multifunctional roles of APN and can guide therapeutic efforts to treat APN-relat

214 To understand the substrate specificity of APN for the development of targeted inhibitors, we used

215 ndings shed some light on the first steps of APN-mediated MMP activation and open the field for furth

216 rapy, we determined the crystal structure of APN complexed with a tumor-homing peptide containing a r

217 alytically active state, these structures of APN illustrate a detailed catalytic mechanism for its am

218 Our previous studies of APN-null mice revealed impaired neoangiogenesis in model

219 inical and laboratory findings suggestive of APN, the 2 radiopharmaceuticals were used for imaging se

220 or downstream protective signaling target of APN.

221 cts consist of 3 components: dose (number of APNs at the clinical practice site, region or country an

222 Based on the body of research on APN effectiveness to date, two major factors have emerge

223 will provide for technologies based on PEMV-APN interaction designed to block plant virus transmissi

224 Moreover, the ischemic penumbra APN levels increased and peaked in T1DM-2W mice, and red

225 Besides its role as a peptidase, APN also mediates signal transduction and is involved in

226 3sigma bound to mono- and bis-phosphorylated APN-derived peptides, which revealed atomic details of t

227 ting AngII-induced AAA and increasing plasma APN levels as a strategy to prevent advanced AAA.

228 t mouse (LDLR(-/-)) model, we induced plasma APN levels using a recombinant adenovirus expressing mou

229 we determined crystal structures of porcine APN at 1.85 A resolution and its complexes with a peptid

230 e of DNI in predicting acute pyelonephritis (APN) or vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) using the data of 28

231 Acute pyelonephritis (APN) versus acute rejection (AR) is a frequently encount

232 investigation of focal acute pyelonephritis (APN), especially in children with urinary tract infectio

233 oratorial diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis (APN), who underwent both DW MR and CECT, diagnosis of AP

234 onstrated that in the presence of excess Q7, APN quantitatively converts the pentapeptides Thr-Gly-Al

235 Recombinant APN expressed in Sf9 cells resulted in internalization o

236 in five patients with medication-refractory APN.

237 Remarkably, APN inhibited the AAA development in AdAPN mice by suppr

238 y, in addition to vascular biology research, APN-null mice may be useful reagents in other medical fi

239 he APN enzymatic active site, but it resists APN degradation due to a distorted scissile peptide bond

240 .1 and PEMV bind to and compete for the same APN receptor.

241 Serum APN concentrations were correlated with ROP development

242 ons positively correlate with ROP, and serum APN concentrations positively correlate with serum omega

243 tly reduced lung airspace APN but high serum APN levels had pulmonary inflammatory responses after in

244 ega-3 LCPUFA supplementation increases serum APN concentrations, which then suppress retinopathy.

245 We found that in preterm infants, low serum APN concentrations positively correlate with ROP, and se

246 se findings indicate the importance of serum APN in modulating LPS-induced ALI and suggest that condi

247 Association of serum APN with HB-EGF and bFGF was studied by coimmunoprecipit

248 smic reticulum, is the major source of serum APN.

249 Some APN-/- mice received adiponectin reconstitution by adeno

250 In this study, APN's role in the early development of ALI to LPS was in

251 These studies strongly support APN therapeutic actions through multiple mechanisms inhi

252 Inhibition of cell surface APN appears to interfere with the shedding of TNFRI, and

253 Surprisingly, APN-null mice developed with no gross or histological ab

254 flexible, structurally unresolved N-terminal APN region using direct binding fluorescence polarizatio

255 More recently, we also demonstrated that APN deficiency increased Abeta-induced microglia activat

256 Here, we demonstrated that APN levels were reduced in the brain of AD patients and

257 These findings establish that APN-null mice develop normally without physiological alt

258 ncer cells and suggested the hypothesis that APN expressed by nonmalignant cells might promote tumor

259 We noted that APN(-/-) mice showed decreased expression of mitochondri

260 ion in controlling AdipoR expression and the APN-mediated inflammatory response has not been investig

261 sor exhibited a good reproducibility for the APN measurements, excellent storage stability and select

262 llow-up, 107 (52.2%) of 205 survivors in the APN group completed screening compared with 46 (22.3%) o

263 nual, 2 years, or 5 years), survivors in the APN group were > 2x more likely than those in the contro

264 ecies-specific amino acid differences in the APN proteins of different species.

265 entify potential 14-3-3-binding sites in the APN sequence.

266 ilar conformations with the NGR motif in the APN-bound tumor-homing peptide.

267 en no reports of in vivo inactivation of the APN gene to validate these findings.

268 we evaluated, by targeted disruption of the APN gene, whether APN participates in blood vessel forma

269 analogues that are potent inhibitors of the APN homologue from the malarial parasite Plasmodium falc

270 f syntheses of this and other members of the APN ligand family is assessed, and their applications in

271 The key structural features of the APN pharmacophore required for substrate recognition wer

272 The tumor-homing peptide binds to the APN enzymatic active site, but it resists APN degradatio

273 reduced to normal in T1DM-8W mice, while the APN receptor 1 (AdipoR1) expression change was the oppos

274 consider the concept of dose effects of the APNs.

275 Therefore, APN-based tumor cell motility and tumor-homing therapy r

276 These APN (atropos P,N) ligands require a specific type of bia

277 ve in mice lacking T-cadherin in addition to APN.

278 t and/or family receptiveness to APNs and to APN practice).

279 xtracellular 14-3-3 adapter proteins bind to APN and thereby induce the transcription of MMPs.

280 a peptide previously demonstrated to bind to APN in the aphid gut and to impede PEMV uptake into the

281 ent protein (CP-P-GFP) specifically bound to APN.

282 However, the exact mechanism that leads to APN-driven MMP activation is unclear.

283 oduced contrasting inflammatory responses to APN (EC50 5 microg/ml).

284 Allografts transplanted to APN-/- mice showed severe acute rejection relative to tr

285 al or patient and/or family receptiveness to APNs and to APN practice).

286 In mouse OIR, serum total APN and bioactive high-molecular-weight APN concentratio

287 N and can guide therapeutic efforts to treat APN-related diseases.

288 We further showed that treating APN(-/-) mice with PGC-1alpha activator pyrroloquinoline

289 dations (n = 234), or standard care plus two APN telephone counseling sessions (n = 238).

290 t (APN-/-, C57BL/6 background) or wild-type (APN+/+) mice.

291 In tumor vasculature, APN is overexpressed in the endothelium and promotes ang

292 In vitro, APN increases production of proinflammatory cytokines fr

293 elevation of total and high-molecular weight APN levels and enhanced APN localization in the artery w

294 otal APN and bioactive high-molecular-weight APN concentrations are increased by omega-3 LCPUFA feed.

295 White adipose tissue, where APN is produced and assembled in the endoplasmic reticul

296 viduals and reveal a novel mechanism whereby APN/CD13 regulates TNFalpha-induced apoptosis via inhibi

297 targeted disruption of the APN gene, whether APN participates in blood vessel formation and function

298 cularization is reduced from 70% to 10% with APN deficiency.

299 cardiac stress through its association with APN in mice.

300 We crossbred 5xFAD mice with APN(-/-) mice to generate APN-deficient 5xFAD (5xFAD;APN