ライフサイエンスコーパス: ATG8

1 P) cleavage from the autophagic reporter GFP-ATG8.

2 protein Atg11 and the ubiquitin-like protein Atg8.

3 ion, and mRNA levels of the autophagy marker ATG8.

4 plex, represses the essential autophagy gene ATG8.

5 ating autophagy through its interaction with Atg8.

6 cluding a five-member gene family expressing ATG8.

7 of each of these functions, ATG1, ATG6, and ATG8.

8 ORM1/2 derivatives that do not interact with ATG8.

9 with FLS2 and the autophagy-related protein ATG8.

10 formation through reversible modification of ATG8.

11 EXO70D AIM with the core autophagy protein, ATG8.

12 each subfamily as well as all six mammalian ATG8s.

13 obilization in cereals, we describe here the ATG8/12 conjugation cascades in maize (Zea mays) and exa

14 TG8 and ATG12, we previously showed that the ATG8/12 conjugation pathways together are important when

15 te either tag, we previously showed that the ATG8/12 conjugation system is important for survival und

16 s loci encoding all components necessary for ATG8/12 conjugation, including a five-member gene family

17 lyzed the conjugation machinery required for ATG8/12 modification in Arabidopsis thaliana with a focu

18 n of autophagy by enhancing the stability of Atg8, a critical autophagy protein.

19 Atg8, a lipid-conjugated ubiquitin-like protein, is requ

20 Atg8, a phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated protein, was

21 omplex in sec7 cells, are immunolabeled with Atg8, a structural component of autophagosomes.

22 ring stress via the interaction of DSK2 with ATG8, a ubiquitin-like protein directing autophagosome f

23 Moreover, sulfide is able to reverse ATG8 accumulation and lipidation, even in wild-type plan

24 patterns in in vitro extract assays, altered ATG8 accumulation levels, an altered pattern of GFP-ATG8

25 however, although we know that the amount of Atg8 affects the size of autophagosomes, the mechanism f

26 knockdown of autophagy proteins Atg7 and LC3/Atg8 also decreased mitochondrial fragmentation without

27 Lipidated ATG8s anchored to the outer surface of the phagophore se

28 S, whereas we see an enhanced recruitment of Atg8 and 9 at this site.

29 of these components leads to an increase in Atg8 and a concomitant increase in autophagic activity.

30 ation of the two ubiquitin-fold polypeptides ATG8 and ATG12 to phosphatidylethanolamine and the ATG5

31 jugation of two ubiquitin-like protein tags, ATG8 and ATG12, to phosphatidylethanolamine and the ATG5

32 TG7 E1 required to initiate ligation of both ATG8 and ATG12, we previously showed that the ATG8/12 co

33 ubiquitin-like protein conjugation systems, Atg8 and Atg16, to the phagophore assembly site is affec

34 en required for the efficient recruitment of Atg8 and Atg18 to the site of autophagosome formation an

35 Atg11 at the PAS enhances the recruitment of Atg8 and Atg9 to this site and facilitates the formation

36 COG genes resulted in the mislocalization of Atg8 and Atg9, which are critical components involved in

37 Distinct domains within Ede1 bind Atg8 and mediate phase separation into condensates.

38 fs1 mutants accumulate the autophagy markers ATG8 and NBR1 independently from EDS1.

39 d upregulation of the phagolysosomal markers Atg8 and p62 was notably reduced in draper mutant flies.

40 Furthermore, Atg36 binds Atg8 and the adaptor Atg11 that links receptors for sele

41 er stress conditions to ensure lipidation of ATG8 and thus autophagy progression in C. reinhardtii.

42 it RPN10, which can simultaneously bind both ATG8 and ubiquitin.

43 teracting region (LIR) docking site (LDS) in ATG8s and LIR motifs in various interaction partners.

44 cascades that couple the AUTOPHAGY-RELATED8 (ATG8) and ATG12 proteins to their respective targets, ph

45 raction between autophagy-related protein 8 (Atg8) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), a pivotal enzymatic

46 homologue of yeast autophagy-related gene 8 (ATG8), and recruited it to stable microtubules in a MAP1

47 y co-localizes with the autophagosome marker ATG8, and anti-NAP1 identifies autophagosomes in immuno-

48 n of p300 reduces acetylation of Atg5, Atg7, Atg8, and Atg12, although overexpressed p300 increases t

49 sion of key autophagy proteins such as ATG7, ATG8, and receptor interacting protein (RIP) blocks ROS

50 Mammalian homologs of Atg8 are unmodified in Atg7(-/-) erythroid cells, indica

51 We show that Atg8s are dispensable for autophagosome formation and se

52 Human ATG8 family proteins (ATG8s) are active in all steps of the macroautophagy pat

53 fficient to drive accumulation of conjugated Atg8 at the cargo.

54 During autophagy, the amount of Atg8 at the PAS showed a periodic change, indicating the

55 ains two Atg4 (AtAtg4a and AtAtg4b) and nine Atg8 (AtAtg8a-AtAtg8i) genes.

56 Unlike ATG8, ATG12 does not associate with autophagic bodies, i

57 on conjugation machinery in the SUMO, NEDD8, ATG8, ATG12, URM1, UFM1, FAT10, and ISG15 pathways while

58 Mutants of autophagy/mitophagy genes ATG8, ATG18, and ATG32 synthetically interact with CL sy

59 low modeling of a full-length, dimeric (Atg7~Atg8-Atg3)(2) complex.

60 onstrate that Atg1 is activated by lipidated Atg8 (Atg8-PE), stimulating substrate phosphorylation al

61 The Atg8 autophagy proteins are essential for autophagosome

62 on via the binding of autophagy receptors to Atg8 (autophagy-related 8) family proteins on the autoph

63 uctural analyses revealed that both UFM1 and ATG8 bind sAIMs in C53, but in a distinct way.

64 Most currently described ATG8-binding proteins exploit a well-defined ATG8-intera

65 enhance autophagy, while HopF3 also targets ATG8 but suppresses autophagy, with both effectors promo

66 tion that may confer specific binding to the Atg8-coated autophagosomal membrane on which Atg8 is con

67 s issue of Cell, Nakatogawa et al. show that Atg8 conjugated to PE mediates tethering between adjacen

68 ng a conserved groove in Atg7, important for Atg8 conjugation.

69 ke enzyme Atg12~Atg5-Atg16, which stimulates Atg8 conjugation.

70 Here we show that Atg8 controls the expansion of the autophagosome precurs

71 TG13-deficient plants, but the biogenesis of ATG8-decorated autophagic bodies does not, indicating th

72 nism, ATG1a is delivered to the vacuole with ATG8-decorated autophagic bodies.

73 cumulation levels, an altered pattern of GFP-ATG8-decorated cellular structures, and altered recovery

74 We demonstrate that the amount of Atg8 determines the size of autophagosomes.

75 concentrations of phosphatidylethanolamine, Atg8 does not act as a fusogen.

76 jugation of the ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) Atg8 during autophagy.

77 Cells lacking V(1)H fail to target ATG8s during influenza infection or after activation of

78 ytosis by a murine macrophage cell line, and Atg8 expression was exhibited in WT C. neoformans during

79 ogenesis, a strain of C. neoformans in which Atg8 expression was knocked down by RNA interference was

80 esults clarify the essential function of the Atg8 family and identify GABARAP subfamily members as pr

81 In mammals, the Atg8 family consists of six members divided into the LC3

82 The expansion of the ATG8 family in higher eukaryotes suggests that specific

83 knock-out mice, as did a mutant lacking the Atg8 family interacting motif (AIM) and another mutant t

84 c acid receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) Atg8 family is much less understood than the LC3 Atg8 fa

85 The ATG8 family LC3/GABARAP proteins are attached to the mem

86 Transport of the ATG8 family member GABARAP from the centrosome occurs du

87 GABARAP, but not another ATG8 family member LC3B, binds directly to PCM1 through

88 3 and GABARAP subfamilies as well as all six Atg8 family members in HeLa cells.

89 Members of the Atg8 family of proteins are conjugated to autophagosomal

90 Human ATG8 family proteins (ATG8s) are active in all steps of

91 o the autophagosomal membrane decorated with ATG8 family proteins such as LC3B.

92 atg8ylation with LC3B, one of six mammalian ATG8 family proteins, has been viewed as the hallmark of

93 ns between the ULK complex and six different ATG8 family proteins.

94 ed mitochondrial proteins and autophagosomal ATG8 family proteins.

95 family is much less understood than the LC3 Atg8 family, and the relationship between the GABARAPs'

96 e effector PexRD54 binds potato ATG8 via its ATG8 family-interacting motif (AIM) and perturbs host-se

97 an IKKgamma does not interact with mammalian Atg8-family proteins.

98 ienzyme cascade that catalyzes lipidation of Atg8-family ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs).

99 in the N terminus, a domain associated with ATG8-family-specific functions during autophagosome form

100 Bioinformatic analyses show that the ATG8-FLZ-SnRK1 regulatory axis first appears in gymnospe

101 steine proteases are required for processing Atg8 for the latter to be conjugated to phosphatidyletha

102 During autophagosome biogenesis, Atg8 forms an expanding structure and later dissociates

103 ue to ATG4.2 having a key role in removal of ATG8 from mature autophagosomes and thus facilitating de

104 The loss of Atg21 results in the absence of Atg8 from the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS), which

105 A key component in ATG8 function is ATG12, which promotes lipidation upon i

106 To define Atg8 function, we used genome editing to generate knocko

107 How and when Atg8 functions in this process, however, is not clear.

108 d ATG-4.1, and that ATG-4.2 can cleave LGG-1/Atg8/GABARAP from membranes.

109 The sole yeast Atg8 gene has six mAtg8 (mammalian Atg8) homologs, inclu

110 bly, whereas there are only one atg4 and one atg8 gene in the yeast, the mammals have four Atg4 homol

111 Unlike single Atg4 and Atg8 genes in yeast, the Arabidopsis genome contains two

112 Ubiquitin-like ATG8 has been related to both membrane expansion and mem

113 Throughout plant evolution, ATG8 has expanded from a single protein in algae to mult

114 WAC and GM130 interact with the Atg8 homolog GABARAP and regulate its subcellular locali

115 gment reduces coprecipitation with mammalian Atg8 homolog GABARAPL1, suggesting a direct interaction.

116 conjugation) to compare the ability of human ATG8 homologs (LC3, GABARAP, and GATE-16) to mediate mem

117 In contrast, the roles of Atg8 homologs in noncanonical autophagic processes are n

118 autophagic receptor proteins, and mammalian Atg8 homologs.

119 tected for GEC1, but not for other mammalian Atg8 homologs.

120 Mammalian autophagy-related 8 (Atg8) homologs consist of LC3 proteins and GABARAPs, all

121 ole yeast Atg8 gene has six mAtg8 (mammalian Atg8) homologs, including the MAP1LC3 (microtubule-assoc

122 The Atg8 homologues seem to play different roles in autophag

123 he mammals have four Atg4 homologues and six Atg8 homologues.

124 Atg4 homologues against four representative Atg8 homologues.

125 e in the lipidation of the human homologs of ATG8 (i.e., LC3 and homologs) on double membranes during

126 nts, that two additional sites interact with Atg8 in a LIR-like and thus mutually exclusive manner.

127 We show that Ape1 aggregates bind Atg19 and Atg8 in vitro; this could be used as a scaffold for an i

128 BIN2 phosphorylation of DSK2 flanking its ATG8 interacting motifs (AIMs) promotes DSK2-ATG8 intera

129 in its C terminus in addition to a canonical Atg8-interacting LC3-interacting region (LIR, with LC3 b

130 obic pocket that accommodates this protein's ATG8-interacting motif (AIM).

131 ATG8-binding proteins exploit a well-defined ATG8-interacting motif (AIM, or LC3-interacting region [

132 , with ATG1 tethered to ATG8 via a canonical ATG8-interacting motif.

133 Rtn1 and Rtn2 interact with Atg8a using four Atg8-interacting motifs (AIMs) located at the C-terminus

134 Atg12~Atg5-Atg16 complex is mediated by its Atg8-interacting motifs (AIMs).

135 C53 contains noncanonical shuffled ATG8-interacting motifs (sAIMs) that are essential for A

136 he physiologically relevant AIM motif in the ATG8-interacting protein 2 (ATI-2) as well as the previo

137 We have recently discovered ATG8-INTERACTING PROTEIN1 (ATI1) from Arabidopsis thalia

138 two new closely related Arabidopsis thaliana Atg8-interacting proteins (ATI1 and ATI2) that are uniqu

139 We further identified ATG8-Interacting proteins 1 and 2 (ATI1 and ATI2) as pro

140 Consistent with this, depletion of ATG8-interacting ZmFLZ14 confers enhanced tolerance, whe

141 acting motifs (sAIMs) that are essential for ATG8 interaction and autophagy initiation.

142 ell-penetrating peptides that block the WSTF-ATG8 interaction do not affect acute inflammation but su

143 for high-affinity binding to an alternative ATG8 interaction site.

144 The Atg19 receptor contains multiple Atg8 interaction sites in its C terminus in addition to

145 ATG8 interacting motifs (AIMs) promotes DSK2-ATG8 interaction, thereby targeting BES1 for degradation

146 tometry, we demonstrate that enhancing Bnip3-Atg8 interactions via phosphorylation-mimicked LIR mutat

147 mass spectrometry (MS), to define the potato ATG8 interactome.

148 he N-terminal beta-strand shapes the broader ATG8 interactor profiles, defining interaction specifici

149 s identified a large collection of UIM-based ATG8 interactors in plants, yeast, and humans.

150 Here we describe a new class of ATG8 interactors that exploit ubiquitin-interacting moti

151 Atg8 is a central protein in bulk starvation-induced aut

152 Atg8 is a ubiquitin-like autophagy protein in eukaryotes

153 Atg8 is a ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagy i

154 Atg8-coated autophagosomal membrane on which Atg8 is concentrated.

155 Binding between Rtn2 and Atg8 is elevated upon ER stress.

156 Similarly, in the sec2 mutant, Atg8 is inefficiently recruited to the phagophore assemb

157 a provide a rationale for Atg7 dimerization: Atg8 is transferred in trans from the catalytic cysteine

158 8) motif, but their mode of interaction with Atg8 is unclear.

159 mutants, development of atg1-1, atg6(-), and atg8(-) is more aberrant in plaques on bacterial lawns t

160 Autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8) is a highly conserved ubiquitin-like protein that

161 protein fusion of the autophagosome marker, Atg8, is aberrant in both atg1-1 and atg6(-) mutants.

162 core autophagy proteins, including Atg1 and Atg8, is required for LD formation in yeast.

163 We discovered that ATG8 isoforms bind distinct sets of plant proteins with

164 r findings are consistent with the view that ATG8 isoforms comprise a layer of specificity in the reg

165 Multiple ATG8 isoforms could be detected immunologically in seedl

166 However, the degree to which ATG8 isoforms have functionally specialized to bind dist

167 ATG8 specialization by comparing two potato ATG8 isoforms using both in vivo protein interaction ass

168 In addition to free ATG8, its membrane-associated, lipidated form was detect

169 [LIR]) that contacts a hydrophobic patch on ATG8 known as the LIR/AIM docking site (LDS).

170 he formation of autophagy-related 8-labeled (Atg8-labeled) vesicles and showed a dramatic attenuation

171 binding to the ubiquitin-like yeast protein Atg8 (LC3 in mammals), which is needed for autophagosome

172 nofluorescence for the autophagy protein LC3/Atg8, LC3 electrophoretic mobility shift, mitochondrial

173 We demonstrate here that Atg8/LC3 colocalizes with APP in cultured human muscle c

174 agophore through interactions with lipidated ATG8/LC3 decorating the expanding membrane.

175 APP/beta-amyloid and Atg8/LC3 double-positive compartments were almost exclus

176 sion to the autophagosome-associated protein Atg8/LC3 led to strongly enhanced MHC class II presentat

177 ATG3 is the E2-like enzyme necessary for ATG8/LC3 lipidation during autophagy.

178 Atg8/LC3 localization was analyzed after GFP-Atg8/LC3 tr

179 RavZ acts by cleaving membrane-conjugated Atg8/LC3 proteins from pre-autophagosomal structures.

180 ase complex I (PI3KC3-C1) and conjugation of ATG8/LC3 proteins to phagophore membranes by the ATG12-A

181 d after GFP-Atg8/LC3 transfection or with an Atg8/LC3 specific antiserum, respectively.

182 Atg8/LC3 localization was analyzed after GFP-Atg8/LC3 transfection or with an Atg8/LC3 specific antis

183 in expression (i.e., Atg6/Beclin1, Atg7, and Atg8/LC3) and mitophagy protein Bnip3 expression in toni

184 lls, a subset of phagosomes gets coated with Atg8/LC3, a component of the molecular machinery of macr

185 s autophagosome expansion and recruitment of Atg8/LC3, potentially by decreasing the stability of Atg

186 of APP with the essential autophagy protein Atg8/LC3, which associates with preautophagosomal and au

187 3-phosphate, as well as on the lipidation of Atg8/LC3-like proteins, this area of research has recent

188 These Atg8/LC3-positive phagosomes are formed around the antig

189 -bound autophagosomal ubiquitin-like protein Atg8/LC3.

190 In addition, it enhances ATG8/LC3.

191 th the ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) of the Atg8/LC3/GABARAP family and adaptors, Atg11 (in yeasts)

192 complex including Sin3 and Rpd3 to regulate Atg8 levels; deletion of any of these components leads t

193 Using a GFP-tagged and a new tandem-tagged Atg8/LGG-1 reporter, we quantified autophagic vesicles a

194 via interactions with phagophore-associated ATG8-like proteins.

195 ed proteasome subunits/targets and lipidated ATG8 lining the enveloping autophagic membranes.

196 ATG8 lipidation also occurs during non-canonical autopha

197 reactivity toward errant nucleophiles, while Atg8 lipidation cascade enzymes induce E2 active site re

198 to conformationally activate Atg3 and elicit Atg8 lipidation in vitro and in vivo.

199 domain of ATG16L1 and specifically mediates ATG8 lipidation on single membranes.

200 Molecular mechanisms underlying Atg8 lipidation remain poorly understood despite associa

201 etects the ATG8-PE adduct, we also show that ATG8 lipidation requires the ATG12-ATG5 conjugate.

202 A second conjugation reaction, Aut7/Atg8 lipidation with phosphatidylethanolamine, as well a

203 ble for localizing ATG12-5-16 L1 and driving ATG8 lipidation, whilst WIPI3 and 4 belong to a second W

204 G8-mediated autophagy in plants by promoting ATG8 lipidation.

205 nd human hosts, revealing that cross-kingdom ATG8-LIR/AIM associations can also be predicted by AF2-m

206 well known that the conjugation of mammalian ATG8s (mATG8s) to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a key

207 ATG8s may have an emerging role as small protein modifie

208 e arrest with protein aggregate clearance by Atg8-mediated activation of the Nrf2-like transcription

209 on of the ATG12-ATG5 adduct is essential for ATG8-mediated autophagy in plants by promoting ATG8 lipi

210 Atg8-mediated Upd2 retention alters lipid storage and hu

211 thogen-encoded virulence factors that target ATG8 members in their plant and human hosts, revealing t

212 g the Bnip3 LIR promotes binding to specific Atg8 members LC3B and GATE-16.

213 genetically through atg12 mutants that block ATG8 modification.

214 ing region (LIR, with LC3 being a homolog of Atg8) motif, but their mode of interaction with Atg8 is

215 part by an increase in abundance of several ATG8 mRNAs.

216 The atg6(-) and atg8(-) mutants display almost normal development on nit

217 y to interact with both plastid proteins and ATG8 of the core autophagy machinery.

218 ceptors target cargo to autophagy by binding ATG8 on autophagosomal membranes.

219 olar satellites can specifically regulate an ATG8 ortholog, the centrosomal GABARAP reservoir, and ce

220 However, selective interactors of ATG8 orthologs are unknown.

221 tophagy because in its absence the remaining ATG8 orthologs do not support efficient antibacterial au

222 The mammalian ATG8 orthologues (MAP1LC3A/B/C and GABARAP/L1/L2) are ub

223 The six ATG8 orthologues in humans (MAP1LC3/GABARAP proteins) in

224 the kinetics parameters of the various Atg4-Atg8 pairs provides a base for the understanding of the

225 ral core ATG genes, such as highly divergent ATG8 paralogs in dermatophytes and multiple ATG15 duplic

226 with a method that unequivocally detects the ATG8-PE adduct, we also show that ATG8 lipidation requir

227 tg18 and Atg21 facilitate the recruitment of Atg8-PE to the site of autophagosome formation and prote

228 te that Atg1 is activated by lipidated Atg8 (Atg8-PE), stimulating substrate phosphorylation along th

229 Levels of Atg transcripts and/or the ATG8-phosphatidylethanolamine adduct increase during lea

230 ssential for synthesizing the ATG12-ATG5 and ATG8-phosphatidylethanolamine adducts that are central t

231 Synthesis of the ATG12-ATG5 and ATG8-phosphatidylethanolamine adducts, which are essenti

232 quitin-like proteins (UBLs)-Atg5, Atg12, and Atg8-play in the formation of the double-membrane vesicl

233 LC3-interacting region (LIR) to traffic into ATG8-positive puncta that often initiate from three-way

234 survival and results in the accumulation of Atg8-positive structures at the vacuolar membrane, sugge

235 sion of autophagosomes and lysosomes, or the Atg8-processing protein Atg4B.

236 Mammalian homologs of yeast Atg8 protein (mAtg8s) are important in autophagy, but th

237 h CASM results in the lipidation of multiple ATG8 protein family members, we establish that LRRK2 lys

238 it the accumulation of autophagic bodies and ATG8 protein forms to the same extent as sulfide.

239 led by the amount of Atg8; thus, controlling Atg8 protein levels is one potential mechanism for modul

240 matic residue in Atg8 proteins, producing an Atg8 protein that could not be reconjugated by Atg7 and

241 anslational modification, the conjugation of ATG8 protein to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE).

242 phagic bodies and immunoblot analysis of the ATG8 protein to show that sulfide (and no other molecule

243 motes the accumulation and lipidation of the ATG8 protein, which is associated with the process of au

244 somal membrane by interacting with lipidated ATG8 proteins (LC3/GABARAP) that are intimately associat

245 Here, we show that mammalian Atg8 proteins (mAtg8s) and the autophagy regulator IRGM

246 n-dependent mitophagy, and cells lacking all ATG8 proteins accumulate cytoplasmic UB aggregates, whic

247 Our data suggest that ATG8 proteins act as scaffolds for assembly of the ULK c

248 phagy proteins via an LIR motif to mammalian ATG8 proteins and, independently and via a discrete moti

249 Atg8 proteins are localized to the membrane in an ubiqui

250 l effector protein RavZ to directly uncouple Atg8 proteins attached to phosphatidylethanolamine on au

251 Mammalian ATG8 proteins drive autophagosome formation and selectiv

252 hibit autophagy by irreversibly inactivating Atg8 proteins during infection.

253 equent involvement of a conserved surface on ATG8 proteins known to interact with LC3-interacting reg

254 c activity and is responsible for processing Atg8 proteins near the carboxyl terminus, exposing a con

255 Atg8 proteins play a crucial role in autophagy.

256 le has the ability to interact with multiple Atg8 proteins simultaneously, resulting in a high-avidit

257 o simultaneously interact with the cargo and Atg8 proteins that coat the membrane.

258 iched in autophagosomes, and associated with ATG8 proteins that recruit cargo-receptor complexes into

259 art of the E3 ligase directing lipidation of ATG8 proteins, a process central to membrane atg8ylation

260 ULK2, ATG13 and FIP200 interacted with human ATG8 proteins, all with strong preference for the GABARA

261 ophila Atg1 interacted with their respective Atg8 proteins, demonstrating the evolutionary conservati

262 residue and an adjacent aromatic residue in Atg8 proteins, producing an Atg8 protein that could not

263 autophagy, including autophagy receptors and ATG8 proteins, thereby functioning as an "eat me" signal

264 pecifically acts only on membrane-associated Atg8 proteins, we elucidated its structure.

265 To elucidate the molecular functions of the ATG8 proteins, we engineered cells lacking genes for eac

266 t autophagy proteins engaging only lipidated Atg8 proteins.

267 otease-mediated processing of ubiquitin-like Atg8 proteins.

268 ion of its LC3-interacting region (LIR) with Atg8 proteins.

269 the isolation membrane via interactions with Atg8 proteins.

270 Autophagy-related 8 (ATG8) proteins play a central role in autophagosome form

271 gy, including formation of multiple aberrant Atg8 puncta and drastically impaired autophagosome bioge

272 nown role of S177 phosphorylation in OPTN on ATG8 recruitment, TBK1-dependent phosphorylation on S473

273 sport as determined by localization of a YFP-ATG8 reporter and its vacuolar cleavage during nitrogen

274 response genes (sgkB, csbA, acbA, smlA, and atg8) resulted in altered drug sensitivity, implicating

275 Although Atg8's function in the parasite is not well understood,

276 Following autophagy induction, Atg8 shows the greatest change in expression of any of t

277 ompted us to define the biochemical basis of ATG8 specialization by comparing two potato ATG8 isoform

278 LIR motifs can be highly selective for ATG8 subfamily proteins (LC3s/GABARAPs), however the mol

279 te the overlapping and distinct functions of ATG8 subfamily proteins.

280 if and adjacent C-terminal region as well as ATG8 subfamily-specific residues in the LIR docking site

281 which is absolutely conserved in the natural Atg8 substrates.

282 ly induces the autophagy regulators ATG6 and ATG8, sustains ATP levels, and reduces ROS levels to del

283 this loop and is associated with attenuated ATG8 targeting in response to ionophores in primary muri

284 tion and interacts with autophagosome marker ATG8s through a non-classical VLIR motif.

285 agy is, in part, controlled by the amount of Atg8; thus, controlling Atg8 protein levels is one poten

286 erization targets ATG4b-mediated cleavage of ATG8 to enhance autophagy, while HopF3 also targets ATG8

287 ed for the conjugation of Atg12 to Atg5, and Atg8 to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and is essential

288 ascribed to a reduced rate of conjugation of Atg8 to phosphatidylethanolamine.

289 a parallel pathway involving conjugation of ATG8 to single membranes (CASM) at endolysosomal compart

290 on pathway that attaches AUTOPHAGY-RELATED8 (ATG8) to phosphatidylethanolamine, which then coats emer

291 We have identified a negative regulator of ATG8 transcription, Ume6, which acts along with a histon

292 by complex molecular systems, including the ATG8 ubiquitin-like conjugation system and the ATG4 cyst

293 h other and with ATG8, with ATG1 tethered to ATG8 via a canonical ATG8-interacting motif.

294 tans RXLR-type effector PexRD54 binds potato ATG8 via its ATG8 family-interacting motif (AIM) and per

295 On the basis of the dynamics of Atg8, we present a multistage model of autophagosome for

296 determine the interface between PexRD54 and ATG8, we solved the crystal structure of potato ATG8CL i

297 The autophagy protein LC3/Atg8, which is involved in autophagy membrane traffickin

298 eraction of the Atg12~Atg5-Atg16 complex and Atg8 with Atg19 is mutually exclusive, which may confer

299 nd ATG13 colocalize with each other and with ATG8, with ATG1 tethered to ATG8 via a canonical ATG8-in

300 ed for autophagosome biogenesis, loss of all Atg8s yields smaller autophagosomes and a slowed initial