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1 -finned fishes) originated by the end of the Carboniferous.
2 nular test structures, which appeared in the Carboniferous.
3 d locomotor structure diversification in the Carboniferous.
4 cular plants and forests in the Devonian and Carboniferous.
5  various insect lineages in the Devonian and Carboniferous.
6 y complete dearth of material from the Early Carboniferous.
7 d in angiosperms had already diverged by the Carboniferous.
8 le/Late Devonian boundary, and in the latest Carboniferous.
9  Devonian and continuing through to the late Carboniferous.
10 rting in the early Silurian and again in the Carboniferous.
11 f a high atmospheric O(2) content during the Carboniferous (300 million years ago), a time when insec
12 arth history was punctuated during the Permo-Carboniferous [300-250 million years (Myr) ago] by the l
13             Quantitative calibration of Late Carboniferous (330-300 Myr ago) and Permian (270-260 Myr
14                                          The Carboniferous (358.9 to 298.9 Ma) saw the emergence of m
15 ans during the Devonian (419-359 Ma) and the Carboniferous (359-299 Ma), punctuated by environmental
16 ralized epiphytes have been preserved in the Carboniferous [5], but the interpretation of scars purpo
17                                  By the Late Carboniferous a diversity of flying lineages is known, m
18 dern amniotes and lissamphibians in the late Carboniferous (about 307 million years ago).
19 genetic analysis, draws multiple lineages of Carboniferous actinopterygians into the Devonian.
20 l similarities shared by this grade of Permo-Carboniferous actinopterygians reflect probable primitiv
21 itumen clast in a glacial diamictite of late Carboniferous age (c. 303 Ma) from eastern Oman.
22  CO(2) impoverished atmospheres of the Permo-Carboniferous and Cenozoic glaciations.
23 n between these two states begins during the Carboniferous and concludes approximately around the Tri
24 was formed from plant debris during the late Carboniferous and early Permian periods.
25 ly tetrapod diversity change during the late Carboniferous and early Permian, critical intervals for
26 ncreased, hyperoxia, as occurred during late Carboniferous and early Permian, may have facilitated th
27 ous groups of temnospondyl amphibians of the Carboniferous and Permian periods, including the dissoro
28  with wingspans as large as 70 cm, ruled the Carboniferous and Permian skies.
29 d of arborsecent lycopsids of the equatorial Carboniferous and Permian swamp communities.
30 ound 318 million years ago in the early Late Carboniferous and their early fossil record is central t
31 ula: see text]150 and 700 ppm for the latest Carboniferous and very low values of 100 [Formula: see t
32 ricomycetes may have been present before the Carboniferous, and lignin degradation was likely never r
33  land by vertebrates, concluding by the late Carboniferous; and (2) across the Cretaceous/Paleogene b
34 aphy to describe two new harvestmen from the Carboniferous ( approximately 305 Myr) of France.
35 arked rise to approximately 35% in the Permo-Carboniferous, around 300 million years before present,
36  some 15 million years later at the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary (359 Ma).
37 ival and diversification around the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary in other vertebrate clades.
38 ation among ray-fins centred on the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary.
39 ating in extinction events near the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary.
40 onary history can be traced back to the Late Carboniferous, but the early stages of their evolution a
41                                  By the late Carboniferous, climbing was both more common and diverse
42           Furthermore, a large proportion of Carboniferous coal horizons are dominated by unlignified
43 s called coal balls [2], which formed in the Carboniferous coal swamp forests over 300 million years
44 p to 50 m in height, were the tallest in the Carboniferous coal swamp forests.
45 trapod stem group as the sister taxon of the Carboniferous Colosteidae from Euramerica.
46 taxonomic and morphological diversity in the Carboniferous, contributes to a model of explosive post-
47 cological change, quantitative counts of 847 Carboniferous-Cretaceous collections from the Paleobiolo
48                                       Middle Carboniferous deposition occurred in a shelf environment
49 from the Precambrian (no land plants) to the Carboniferous (diverse terrestrial ecosystems).
50  actinopterygian morphotypes from the latest Carboniferous-earliest Permian (~299 Ma) of Brazil that
51                              The Devonian to Carboniferous environmental changes constitute a major t
52 evolutionary significance dating back to the carboniferous era, in regulating the hyperoxic growth ph
53 the dorsal exoskeleton of the enigmatic late Carboniferous euarthropod Camptophyllia, suggesting the
54 he feet of later, more terrestrially adapted Carboniferous forms.
55                                          The Carboniferous fossil Genomosperma is considered among th
56            Low CO(2) levels during the Permo-Carboniferous glaciation are in agreement with glaciolog
57                                    The Upper Carboniferous Hamilton Formation (300 Myr) in Kansas, US
58                             Here we report a Carboniferous harvestman species, Hastocularis argusgen.
59 ing from Early Ordovician (Late Tremadoc) to Carboniferous, have proved no less enigmatic.
60 evidence of the tenacular dentition from the Carboniferous holocephalan Helodus simplex.
61 owed by their architectural radiation in the Carboniferous, is a transition fundamental to Earth-syst
62 rvals that sum to 300 Myr (Middle Ordovician-Carboniferous; Late Jurassic-Paleogene).
63 ff and primary productivity during the Permo-Carboniferous likely increased, based on widespread orog
64  moradiensis gen. et sp. nov., as relicts of Carboniferous lineages that diverged 40-90 million years
65        High oxygen concentrations during the Carboniferous may have alleviated these physical constra
66 , a large soft-bodied organism from the late Carboniferous Mazon Creek biota (approximately 309-307 m
67 ium is an iconic soft-bodied fossil from the Carboniferous Mazon Creek Lagerstatte (Illinois, USA).
68 ches in fossil plant hydraulics, focusing on Carboniferous medullosan seed plants and arborescent lyc
69                        et sp. nov., from the Carboniferous (Mississippian) Bear Gulch Lagerstatte of
70 n origin, and best explained as a product of Carboniferous (Mississippian) deep burial alteration ass
71 cal changes from the Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous (Mississippian).
72 o exceptionally preserved specimens from the Carboniferous Montceau-les-Mines Lagerstatte (France) re
73                                          The Carboniferous myriapod Arthropleura is the largest arthr
74 he wings of archaic Odonatoidea from the mid-Carboniferous of Argentina show features analogous to "s
75  of Adelophthalmus pyrrhae sp. nov. from the Carboniferous of Montagne Noire, France [13], revealed t
76 f Jaekelocarpus oklahomensis, from the Upper Carboniferous of Oklahoma, USA, which, being externally
77 ominant allelic missense mutations (Oily and Carboniferous) of Predicted gene 4951 (Gm4951) identifie
78                     Cycads originated in the Carboniferous on the Laurasian landmass and expanded in
79 cial information from the wing pad joints of Carboniferous palaeodictyopteran insect nymphs using cla
80 the extensive coal-producing wetlands of the Carboniferous palaeoequator with rapid replacement of ar
81 strial carbon cycle model forced with a late Carboniferous paleoclimate simulation to evaluate the ef
82  Donbas segment (Ukraine) exposes the middle Carboniferous part of the basin's stratigraphy.
83 al-fired steam ships), and lead derived from Carboniferous Pb-Zn mineralization (mining activities).
84  in Earth's history occurred during the Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) and Permian Periods (ca. 3
85 currence of insect herbivory during the Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) has been questioned, we pr
86          Aggregated pairs dominated from the Carboniferous period (307 million years ago) to the earl
87 ere broadly similar to today during the Late Carboniferous period (314-300 Myr ago), when carbon diox
88          A new articulated specimen from the Carboniferous period (about 335 Myr bp) of Indiana revea
89 at we know about terrestrial life during the Carboniferous Period comes from Middle Pennsylvanian (~3
90 nt work has suggested that biomes during the Carboniferous Period contained plants with extraordinary
91                                          The Carboniferous Period of the Paleozoic is so named for ma
92 million years ago), but decreased during the Carboniferous period to concentrations similar to that o
93 Devonian and subsequently diversified in the Carboniferous period, they possessed substantially highe
94 mpression fossils and in coal balls from the Carboniferous period.
95  organic carbon burial around the end of the Carboniferous period.
96  from the Devonian period and mid-late Early Carboniferous period.
97 y placed in the group Mitrata (Ordovician to Carboniferous periods, 530-280 million years ago), by co
98 s of Gondwana during the final phases of the Carboniferous-Permian deglaciation.
99                                          The Carboniferous-Permian transition (CPT) was Earth's last
100 ribution of continental tetrapods during the Carboniferous-Permian transition and indicates that prev
101 e and following the reverse polarity Kiaman (Carboniferous-Permian) and Moyero (Ordovician) superchro
102 re the sensitivity of the climate around the Carboniferous/Permian boundary to changes in Earth's orb
103 bsequent hypidioblastic white mica (arguably Carboniferous/Permian, Alleghenian orogeny).
104  and specific conductivity for several major Carboniferous plant groups, we simulated global ecosyste
105   Studies of nearest living relatives of key Carboniferous plants suggest that their physiologies and
106  This integrated approach indicates that key Carboniferous plants were capable of growth and transpir
107 the extraordinary ecophysiological nature of Carboniferous plants.
108 e) preserves a well-exposed section of upper Carboniferous pyroclastic-volcaniclastic lacustrine stra
109 d as main event that triggered the huge post-Carboniferous radiation of hemipterans, and facilitated
110  not driven by local endemism following the 'Carboniferous rainforest collapse'.
111 ecular divergence time estimates, supporting Carboniferous rather than Devonian diversification for e
112 at a rise in pO(2) from 21 to 35% during the Carboniferous reduced global terrestrial primary product
113 few tens of million years prior to the Permo-Carboniferous Reverse Superchron (PCRS).
114 undary, indicating a prolonged response to a Carboniferous rise in O2.
115   From this analysis, we deduce that a Permo-Carboniferous rise in pO(2) was unlikely to have exerted
116                                            A Carboniferous root apex reiterates the importance of the
117  have found Class I (polylabdanoid) amber in Carboniferous sediments dating to approximately 320 mill
118 ly growing root meristem from permineralized Carboniferous soil with detail of the stem cells and dif
119                                              Carboniferous stones, such as limestone and marble, are
120  year period from the middle Devonian to the Carboniferous, straddling the multiphase extinction even
121 n the geologic past can be quantified, using Carboniferous stratigraphy as an exemplar.
122                This suggests that the middle Carboniferous stratigraphy of the Dniepr-Donets basin to
123 vity and magnetic maps indicate that the pre-Carboniferous Tasmanides in southeastern Australia may h
124 ave hitherto separated Late Devonian and mid-Carboniferous tetrapod faunas.
125           1347 1348 1348 References 1348 The Carboniferous, the time of Earth's penultimate icehouse
126 ) comprising 1,888 synapsid species from the Carboniferous through the Eocene (305-34 Ma) based on 26
127 have colonized fresh water in Pangaea during Carboniferous times.
128 global aridification pattern during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian transition.
129 he most diverse marine fossil group from the Carboniferous to the Permian (~340 to 252 million years
130   Echinoderms from the Cambrian and from the Carboniferous to the Triassic indicate a seawater Mg/Ca
131 ring the early evolution of Amniota from the Carboniferous to the Triassic, subjecting a new supertre
132 ppian temporal gap ranging from the earliest Carboniferous (Tournaisian and early Visean) to the mid-
133 ent the oldest known limuloid from the lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian stage, c. 350 million years a
134                                 The Devonian-Carboniferous transition marks a fundamental shift in th
135 y unresolved, this specimen shows that Early Carboniferous vegetation was more complex than realized,
136  impression of a flying insect from the Late Carboniferous Wamsutta Formation of Massachusetts, repre

 
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