ライフサイエンスコーパス: DNA strand

1 hanism of ADG incorporation into an existing DNA strand.

2 the actual nucleotide sequence of the guide DNA strand.

3 plisome to bypass blocks on the non-tracking DNA strand.

4 cles (ONPs) with a single, covalently linked DNA strand.

5 ytosine) deaminase access to the transcribed DNA strand.

6 as9 HNH domain primed for cutting the target DNA strand.

7 nteractions between the flap and unprocessed DNA strand.

8 rst reported G-Ag(I) -G pair in a short 8mer DNA strand.

9 o RNA, as well as the expelled complementary DNA strand.

10 e supercoiling or breaks in the non-template DNA strand.

11 nwinding by engaging and stretching a single DNA strand.

12 formation with distinct positioning of each DNA strand.

13 st of which are purines of the complementary DNA strand.

14 between the nascent RNA and the nontemplate DNA strand.

15 ed DNA binding protein, RPA, to the excluded DNA strand.

16 ceptibility by genomic region, as well as by DNA strand.

17 hot motifs (W = A or T, R = A or G) on both DNA strands.

18 ow as even one AID deamination event on both DNA strands.

19 complementary DNA strands to electrode-bound DNA strands.

20 n model protocells, into complementary 3'-NP-DNA strands.

21 l translocation involves only one of the two DNA strands.

22 sitions between non-identical nucleotides of DNA strands.

23 esponsible for concerted cleavage of the two DNA strands.

24 hybridize efficiently with the complementary DNA strands.

25 DRNAs) and their longer precursors from both DNA strands.

26 the challenges involved in using unpurified DNA strands.

27 tructure generated by unwinding the parental DNA strands.

28 nostructures that contain hundreds of unique DNA strands.

29 e complexes in either one DNA strand or both DNA strands.

30 examples containing typically tens of unique DNA strands.

31 otein-binding sites on the two complementary DNA strands.

32 olecular association of small, complementary DNA strands.

33 cles interconnected with azobenzene-modified DNA strands.

34 dification, such as covalent crosslinking of DNA strands.

35 es within the ring, interacting with the two DNA strands.

36 activity is elevated on the 5' side of both DNA strands.

37 veraging the sequence complementarity of two DNA strands.

38 the power of programmable self-assembly from DNA strands.

39 e of high complexity regarding the number of DNA strands.

40 mase complexes engaging in synthesis of both DNA strands.

41 by targeting nuclease incisions to specific DNA strands(4).

42 ession of EBV genes from both plus and minus DNA strands; 42 of these pA sites are commonly used in a

43 lease 1 (hExo1) metalloenzyme, which cleaves DNA strands, acting primarily as a processive 5'-3' exon

44 , reversible curling in response to stimulus DNA strands added to solution.

45 as the gaps between two rods, with different DNA strands allows one to synthesize nanostructure assem

46 fication enzymes that modify cytosine in one DNA strand and adenine in the opposite strand for host p

47 exclusion, where the helicase encircles one DNA strand and excludes the other, acting as a wedge wit

48 I (Top1) resolves supercoils by nicking one DNA strand and facilitating religation after torsional s

49 d by incorporation of a SaRNA-monomer into a DNA strand and performing thermal stability tests of the

50 KB) gene, which is transcribed from the same DNA strand and terminates just upstream of CPT1B.

51 ntiguous runs of >/=4 RNA nucleotides within DNA strand and the only common substrate between the two

52 BLAS consist of two RNA or DNA strands and a fluorogenic organic dye added as a buf

53 nomer of the Top2 homodimer nicks one of the DNA strands and forms a covalent phosphotyrosyl bond wit

54 has its ThM motif intruding between the two DNA strands and gripping the 3'-overhang while Bax1 inte

55 ount for both repulsive interactions between DNA strands and local variability in probe surface densi

56 e simultaneously associated with the growing DNA strands and Mg2 PPi crystals during the rolling circ

57 per, we investigated the roles of individual DNA strands and protein secondary structure types in spe

58 sequences in both the target and non-target DNA strands and recognizes the 5'-NNNVRYM-3' as the prot

59 DNA-PKcs, which control the repair of broken DNA strands and relay the damage signal to the tumor sup

60 t exosome-sensitive RNAs that mapped to both DNA strands and resembled RNA:RNA hybrids (dsRNAs), sugg

61 By mimicking the molecular behaviours of DNA strands and their assembly strategies, we used meta-

62 ssumed that the open RNAP separates promoter DNA strands and then closes to establish a tight grip on

63 o make objects comprising hundreds of unique DNA strands and thousands of base pairs, thus in princip

64 induced by the interaction between adjacent DNA strands and UCNP-Au NPs, an ultrastrong photothermal

65 in vivo, detected almost exclusively on one DNA strand, and is incomplete: typically, around 40% of

66 orsional stress by nicking and resealing one DNA strand, and some Top1-dependent mutations are due to

67 helicase on DNA, unwind DNA, synthesize new DNA strands, and reassemble chromatin.

68 tions of all 4.6 million nucleotides of each DNA strand are resolved.

69 and cell biological studies where individual DNA strands are either examined in isolation, or interac

70 lets are initially inert because the grafted DNA strands are pre-hybridized in pairs.

71 The two DNA strands are pulled apart, creating a bubble comprisi

72 moves torsional stress that accumulates when DNA strands are separated.

73 s of nucleotides and the resulting synthetic DNA strands are then stored for later retrieval.

74 When a set of keys (DNA strands) are added, the cryptographic data can be tr

75 ates transcription initiation by opening the DNA strands around the transcription start site and phos

76 introduces intertwining and supercoiling of DNA strands as it traverses the double helix, which coul

77 on (LAMP) reaction with an initial number of DNA strands as low as 10 copies.

78 es a physical address for accessing specific DNA strands as well as implementing a range of in-storag

79 for the overall unlinking of the two duplex DNA strands, as well as for ongoing transcription.

80 Fe(3) O(4) nanoparticles with complementary DNA strands assemble into crystalline, pseudo-1D elongat

81 begins with nucleolytic resection of the 5' DNA strand at the break ends.

82 es possess AP lyase activities that nick the DNA strand at the deoxyribose moiety via a beta- or beta

83 of molecules containing deamination on both DNA strands at the acceptor switch region correlates wit

84 led forks and that in their absence, nascent DNA strands at unprotected forks are degraded by MRE11 h

85 ly and inexpensively determine the number of DNA strands attached to AuNPs of different core sizes.

86 DNA strands, attached to the lipid bilayer with choleste

87 replication requires that the duplex genomic DNA strands be separated; a function that is implemented

88 The exchange of DNA strands between broken and intact molecules lies at

89 ouble strand breaks, through the exchange of DNA strands between homologous regions of the genome.

90 ectional transcription when the non-template DNA strand bonds with the hybrid duplex (collapsed R-loo

91 it essential to know the type and number of DNA strands bound to the nanoparticle surface.

92 nd identify PARP1 as a therapeutic target in DNA strand break repair-defective disease.

93 he mutant cells showed significantly reduced DNA strand break sealing activity and were sensitized to

94 However, cells possess two other DNA strand break-induced PARP enzymes, PARP2 and PARP3,

95 pair mechanisms in cultured cells and causes DNA strand breakage and an increased lesion burden in ce

96 ination (HR) is crucial to prevent excessive DNA strand breakage at activation-induced cytidine deami

97 ochondria, there was a lack of gross nuclear DNA strand breaks and apoptosis.

98 tion showed accumulation of higher levels of DNA strand breaks and the DNA double-strand break (DSB)

99 With increasing LET, less DNA strand breaks are formed per unit dose, but due to t

100 However, leukocyte DNA strand breaks decreased with increased dietary zinc,

101 The repair of DNA strand breaks improves, as do serum protein concentr

102 Remarkably, we discovered unrepaired DNA strand breaks in SMCs within the human ascending aor

103 otoxicity, increasing cellular apoptosis and DNA strand breaks in vitro, and intermittent deprivation

104 g mouse fibroblasts, suggesting formation of DNA strand breaks under these treatment conditions.

105 threat to genome stability and can result in DNA strand breaks when not removed in a timely manner.

106 -43, which correlated with increased genomic DNA strand breaks, activation of the DNA damage response

107 ssociated with increased mutation frequency, DNA strand breaks, and cytotoxicity.

108 displayed increased levels of glycated DNA, DNA strand breaks, and phosphorylated p53.

109 ence for oxidized DNA lesions, double-strand DNA strand breaks, and pronounced susceptibility to sing

110 s during transcription elongation, including DNA strand breaks, DNA lesions, and nucleosomes.

111 assay is an established method for detecting DNA strand breaks, however, the assay does not detect po

112 DDR-PARPs detect DNA strand breaks, leading to a dramatic increase in the

113 possess the appropriate energetics to induce DNA strand breaks, whereas e(-)(aq) in bulk water lies t

114 r sensitivity to MMS and accumulation of the DNA strand breaks.

115 involved in H2O2 breakdown; and 4) result in DNA strand breaks.

116 ate that PhIP induced C8-PhIP-dG adducts and DNA strand breaks.

117 II and trigger genome instability, including DNA strand breaks.

118 bers, whose catalytic activity is induced by DNA-strand breaks and responsible for multiple DNA damag

119 Moreover, ERCC1-XPF(-)dependent DNA strand-breaks occur near the Z-DNA-forming region in

120 ert AraCTP at the 3' terminus of the nascent DNA strand, but they are blocked at extending synthesis

121 R/Cas centers on the cleaving of one or both DNA strands by a Cas protein, an endonuclease, followed

122 ented by the presence or absence of distinct DNA strands, called molecular bits (molbits).

123 t even the induction of two SSBs on the same DNA strand can cause genome alterations, albeit at a muc

124 process, a small and constant set of unique DNA strands can be used to create DNA origami arrays of

125 structure-switching of electrically charged DNA strands can disrupt the charge distribution in the v

126 With this scheme, we synthesize DNA strands carrying 144 bits, including addressing, and

127 ) surface that hybridizes to a complementary DNA strand (cDNA) to form a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA).

128 occupies both PAM-interacting and non-target DNA strand cleavage catalytic pockets.

129 e HNH nuclease domain adjacent to the target DNA strand cleavage site in a conformation essential for

130 based on DNA aptamers that can hybridize to DNA strands conjugated to a near-infrared fluorophore/qu

131 genes and are transcribed from the opposite DNA strand, constitute an important group of noncoding R

132 Detailed analysis using a long substrate DNA strand containing five GAL4-binding sites revealed t

133 support an important role for Ctp1-regulated DNA strand coordination required for DNA DSB repair in S

134 re with a predetermined pattern of different DNA strands covalently 'printed' on their exterior, and

135 NA bubble can help the separation of the two DNA strands, demonstrating the existence of target nucle

136 sequence as the relaxosome, which nicks the DNA strand destined for transfer and couples the nicked

137 tructures, which makes accessing the encased DNA strands difficult, or chemical modification, such as

138 Toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement (DSD) is a powerful strategy to

139 1.3 h) perturbed dynamic processes including DNA strand displacement and primer extension by DNA poly

140 esign that allows the flexible regulation of DNA strand displacement by splitting an input strand int

141 We demonstrate our approach in vitro using DNA strand displacement cascades as well as in vivo usin

142 erimental procedures, for creating a complex DNA strand displacement circuit that consists of 78 dist

143 to successfully design and construct complex DNA strand displacement circuits.

144 DNA strand displacement is a key reaction in DNA homolog

145 Toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement is the fundamental basis for the

146 molysin pore was induced by a combination of DNA strand displacement processes and enzyme-catalyzed r

147 A DNA strand displacement reaction in a crowded environmen

148 eins, is realized through a toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement reaction.

149 have been engineered using toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement, and their programmable applicat

150 Inspired by nanotechnologies based on DNA strand displacement, herein we demonstrate that synt

151 Moreover, based on DNA strand displacement, nanopores can also be utilized

152 Here, we demonstrate the use of a DNA strand displacement-based probe on a graphene field

153 Encapsulating DNA strand-displacement circuits further allows their us

154 he modularity and scalability of enzyme-free DNA strand-displacement circuits to develop protocellula

155 aptamer structure, thus suggesting that the DNA strand-displacement concept can be extended to funct

156 ism for enhancing the thermodynamic drive of DNA strand-displacement reactions whilst barely perturbi

157 nucleotide reversibly using toehold-mediated DNA strand-displacement.

158 c acid duplex are liberated when a competing DNA strand disrupts the duplex via toehold-mediated stra

159 s minimal DNA loading, and non-complementary DNA strands do not get encapsulated within the PEG-CNA-P

160 ssful file retrieval and look for systematic DNA strand drop out.

161 lso interacts specifically with the excluded DNA strand during unwinding.

162 SNP detection in large double-helix DNA strands (e.g., 47 nt) minimize false-positive result

163 ess also generates a bulge in the non-target DNA strand, enabling its handover to Cas3 for cleavage.

164 In vitro, RAD52 has ssDNA annealing and DNA strand exchange activities.

165 th RecA filament assembly and the subsequent DNA strand exchange are directional.

166 can be recognized by PcG complexes, and RNA-DNA strand exchange as a PRC2 activity that could contri

167 Although providing an efficient rate of DNA strand exchange between polymorphic alleles, Dmc1 mu

168 s a critical component of HR and facilitates DNA strand exchange in DSB repair.

169 Here, we demonstrate that the polarity of DNA strand exchange is embedded within RecA filaments ev

170 How DNA mismatches affect Dmc1-mediated DNA strand exchange is not understood.

171 ate common and idiosyncratic features in the DNA strand exchange mechanisms of three RecA-family reco

172 In selecting ssDNA over dsDNA, the RAD51 DNA strand exchange protein has to overcome the entropy

173 ocess, how exactly hydrolysis influences the DNA strand exchange reaction at the structural level rem

174 ort shape changing films that are powered by DNA strand exchange reactions with two different domains

175 specific recombinase Tn3 resolvase initiates DNA strand exchange when two res recombination sites and

176 -ssDNA nucleoprotein filaments that catalyze DNA strand exchange, and it mediates single-strand DNA a

177 ion results in stimulation of RAD51-promoted DNA strand exchange.

178 richia coli the RecBCD enzyme also loads the DNA strand-exchange protein RecA onto the newly formed e

179 naptic complex and orchestrates the order of DNA strand exchanges.

180 lating the structure of chromatin by binding DNA strands for defining the boundary between active and

181 During catalysis, gyrase cleaves both DNA strands forming a covalently bound intermediate.

182 e section of its associated guide RNA to one DNA strand, forming an R-loop structure.

183 heriting 'older Watson' versus 'older Crick' DNA strand from the parental cell, strands that are comp

184 tiple turnover NP bond formation to yield NP-DNA strands from the corresponding 3'-amino-2',3'-dideox

185 ant clues about how local distortions in the DNA strand geometries resulting from ATP hydrolysis can

186 The number, orientation and sequence of DNA strands grafted onto the polymeric core can be contr

187 ng replication, hemi-methylation on parental DNA strands guides symmetric CG methylation on nascent s

188 Mismatches near the 3' end of the initiating DNA strand have a small effect, whereas most mismatches

189 The predictable and programmable DNA strands have paved the way for cellular and molecula

190 es, AS1411 aptamer, and pendent biotinylated DNA strand in different vertexes and is further assemble

191 larly versatile in this context because each DNA strand in the origami nanostructure occupies a uniqu

192 aring the hybridization kinetics of the same DNA strand in vitro, we found the association constants

193 logy dependence of the extension of invading DNA strands in D-loops formed by RecA-mediated strand ex

194 ne replication rates using newly synthesized DNA strands in human mitochondrial DNA.

195 th increased processing of newly synthesized DNA strands in hydroxyurea-stalled forks.

196 eotides inside cells, and the degradation of DNA strands in serum was significantly slowed.

197 DNA duplexes with a nick, NEIL3 targets both DNA strands in the ICL without generating single-strand

198 ng to form an RNA-DNA hybrid and a displaced DNA strand inside the protein.

199 BhCas12b preferentially nicks the non-target DNA strand instead of forming a double strand break, lea

200 ing-strand polymerase separates two parental DNA strands into a T-shaped fork, thus enabling the clos

201 cell and to randomly partition megabase-size DNA strands into multiple nanoliter compartments for amp

202 orylated HP1alpha induce rapid compaction of DNA strands into puncta, although with different charact

203 While Rdh54/Tid1 enhances the Rad51 DNA strand invasion activity in vitro, it is unclear how

204 (ALT) facilitates telomere lengthening by a DNA strand invasion and copying mechanism.

205 51/RecA family of recombinases catalyzes the DNA strand invasion reaction that takes place during hom

206 vidence that the RecN protein stimulates the DNA strand invasion step of RecA-mediated recombinationa

207 e functions to mediate repair via homologous DNA strand invasion to form D-loops.

208 te) and stabilization of stable (legitimate) DNA strand invasions, which suggests an intrinsic mechan

209 uplex DNA by steric exclusion (SE) where one DNA strand is encircled by the hexamer and the other is

210 rcular (RC) DNA, in which neither of the two DNA strands is covalently closed.

211 Accurate pairing of DNA strands is essential for repair of DNA double-strand

212 ion between delocalized G blocks on opposite DNA strands is known to support partially coherent long-

213 nbound, partially bound, or fully bound to a DNA strand, leaving opportunities for other molecules in

214 ely and efficiently generate genome edits at DNA strand lesions made by DNA double strand break reage

215 pyogenes Cas9 R-loop that show the displaced DNA strand located near the RuvC nuclease domain active

216 , AgNP concentration, PNA concentration, and DNA strand mismatches.

217 t LacI can move between cages when hindering DNA strands move out of the way.

218 rin A (MspA) nanopore, thus changing how the DNA strand moves through the nanopore.

219 homologous recombination, the 5'-terminated DNA strands must first be resected to produce 3' overhan

220 k by homologous recombination, 5'-terminated DNA strands must first be resected to reveal 3'-overhang

221 both speed of computation and the number of DNA strands needed.

222 noallelic AID deamination footprints on both DNA strands occurring within a single cell cycle.

223 ndonuclease V to nick the inosine-containing DNA strand of genomic DNA deaminated by ABE in vitro.

224 heme, but how one nuclease site cleaves both DNA strands of a double helix has not been well understo

225 dence that a DDE/D active site can hydrolyze DNA strands of opposite polarity, a mechanism that has r

226 trast, cut-and-paste transposases cleave two DNA strands of opposite polarity, which is usually achie

227 monstrate that A3H can deaminate overhanging DNA strands of RNA/DNA heteroduplexes, which are early i

228 .0001) detect the origin (sense vs antisense DNA strands) of DNA methylation at splice site junctions

229 The DNA strand on AuNPs is shown to preserve its functions.

230 r, coupled incisions are made in the damaged DNA strand on both sides of the adduct.

231 esting the dye-tagged sequence-matched probe DNA strand only, so that the amount of free dye removed

232 ediated DNA-cleavage complexes in either one DNA strand or both DNA strands.

233 e ribonucleotides when they form part of the DNA strand, or hydrolyse RNA when it base-pairs with DNA

234 Specificity of interactions between two DNA strands, or between protein and DNA, is often achiev

235 ry DNA-modified 2 nm gold nanoparticles (~15 DNA strands/particle) that act as electron equivalents (

236 ting methods used to determine the number of DNA strands per gold nanoparticle (AuNP) require that th

237 Breaks in DNA strands recruit the protein PARP1 and its paralogue

238 rid duplex (collapsed R-loops, where the two DNA strands remain antiparallel).

239 Metnase-induced enhancement of Exo1-mediated DNA strand resection required the presence of these over

240 nucleotides downstream on the top and bottom DNA strands, respectively, in an NTP-hydrolysis dependen

241 s 5T and 3A on the non-template and template DNA strands, respectively.

242 studies support the proposed hypothesis that DNA strand scissions are caused by 1,4-benzenoid diradic

243 ng to a promoter, the sigma factor initiates DNA strand separation and captures the melted nontemplat

244 t that these N-tier ring movements cause the DNA strand separation and lagging-strand extrusion.

245 ad to a spiral translocation along dsDNA and DNA strand separation by the ThM motif, revealing an unc

246 Foremost, DNA strand separation by transcription or increased tors

247 ichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex powers DNA strand separation of the replication forks of eukary

248 Structural differences, in particular in the DNA strand separation wedge region, highlight significan

249 Nanopore DNA strand sequencing has emerged as a competitive, port

250 ith only one catalytic site, and cleaves the DNA strands sequentially, one after the other.

251 sing an oxidative coupling strategy, and the DNA strands served as easily tunable and reversible chem

252 an average ratio of 29.2% by targeting both DNA strands simultaneously with an over 98.6% coverage.

253 namely (i) sequencing isolated small nascent DNA strands (SNS-seq); (ii) sequencing replication bubbl

254 A novel DNA strand-specific 'imprint', installed during DNA repl

255 e components that interact with the excluded DNA strand stimulate fork rates.

256 e nuclease active site sufficient to cut one DNA strand suggesting that two complexes are required to

257 s, and all genes are transcribed by the same DNA strand, suggesting that particular factors constrain

258 hemselves been used to make viral capsids of DNA strands, supramolecular nanotapes and pH-responsive

259 that performs concerted leading- and lagging-DNA strand synthesis at a replication fork has not been

260 ure approach using RNA probes targeting both DNA strands, termed DEEPER-Capture.

261 Upon addition of an RNA or DNA strand that is complementary to the latent catalyst'

262 5' end and hybridized with a short quencher DNA strand that is partially complementary to the aptame

263 nerates closely spaced incisions on opposite DNA strands that are permissive for TNR expansion.

264 SDA uses two DNA strands that have low affinity to the dapoxyl dye un

265 r DNA assemblies comprising four interacting DNA strands that in biology are involved in DNA-damage r

266 rlattices, with dye molecules coupled to the DNA strands that link the particles together, in the for

267 , with each monomer contacting primarily one DNA strand: the methyltransferase domain of one molecule

268 DCPs prevent reassociation of denatured DNA strands: they make one of the two strands of a dsDNA

269 tivity, which is responsible for nicking the DNA strand to be transferred and for covalent attachment

270 site-selectively attached the complementary DNA strand to the N-terminus of a protein.

271 By comparing the contribution of each DNA strand to the overall binding specificity between DN

272 DNA ligases catalyze the joining of DNA strands to complete DNA replication, recombination a

273 ilar topology of Cayley tree, we use only 16 DNA strands to construct n-node (n = 53) structures of u

274 he hybridization of conjugated complementary DNA strands to electrode-bound DNA strands.

275 The gate self-assembles from six DNA strands to form a bilayer-spanning pore, and a lid s

276 ase to promote somatic hypermutation on both DNA strands to generate double-strand DNA breaks for eff

277 A in cis; and MEF2 and NKX bind to different DNA strands to interact with each other in trans via a c

278 that uses the hybridization of complementary DNA strands to model the formation of the SNARE four-hel

279 The LEDGF also stimulates HIV-1 IN DNA strand transfer activity and improves its solubility

280 ymphocytes, we determined the structure of a DNA-strand transfer complex of mouse RAG at 3.1- angstro

281 ic site stimulates resection by BLM-DNA2 and DNA strand unwinding by BLM.

282 dge insertion, initiating directional target DNA strand unwinding to allow segmented base-pairing wit

283 l transferase reaction during extension of a DNA strand using the complementary strand as a template.

284 ness of the nanoscaffolds to different input DNA strands via the reversible release of DNA cargo.

285 f small branched objects consisting of a few DNA strands were created.

286 g replication of the leading and the lagging DNA strands were reported in yeast and in human cancers,

287 This sensing system involves only four DNA strands which is quite simple.

288 ae2 preferentially degrade the 5'-terminated DNA strand, which extends beyond the vicinity of the DNA

289 tion cage quenches fluorescent labels on the DNA strand, which provides an optical means to detect th

290 The logic gates consist of only single DNA strands, which largely reduces leakage reactions and

291 te DNA synthesis directly at the 3' end of a DNA strand while simultaneously attaching a DNA-seq adap

292 lanced hydrogen bonding with each of the two DNA strands while multi-specific DNA binding proteins ar

293 then show that interrupting the transcribed DNA strand with an internal desthiobiotin-triethylene gl

294 ing of the target triggered a release of the DNA strand with the quencher and thus relief of the cont

295 III, were used in combination to degrade all DNA strands with a free 3' end, which would nevertheless

296 The brush architecture provides embedded DNA strands with enhanced nuclease stability and improve

297 on nucleosome by combining HRF data for both DNA strands with the pseudo-symmetry constraints.

298 s were also identified, mostly for the minus DNA strand within the EBNA locus, a major locus responsi

299 a consensus TTNTTT motif in the nontemplate DNA strand within the paused transcription bubble.

300 e, position, and interactions of up to three DNA strands within the RecA nucleofilament.