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2 eIF4A1-dependent mRNAs frequently have long GC-rich 5'UTRs, the details of how 5'UTR structure is re
3 taining these genes were found to consist of GC-rich (54 to 65%) sequences comparing to the average G
4 omprise the tertiary structure, as well as a GC-rich 6 bp stem (stem 1) and an AU-rich 9 bp stem (ste
6 that the WhiB-like proteins exclusive to the GC-rich actinomycete genera play significant roles in pa
7 irths/deaths over their entire length, while GC-rich Alus only in their 3' poly(A) tails and middle A
10 emonstrated that the 5' regulatory region is GC-rich and contains no TATA or CAAT box, similar to the
11 trast, rapidly evolving 3' UTRs tended to be GC-rich and derived from genes involved in metabolism an
12 iple promoter and silencer elements that are GC-rich and exhibit considerable single-stranded charact
14 rabidopsis thaliana genome and the much more GC-rich and heterogeneous rice (Oryza sativa) genome and
15 and homogeneous genomes to the more derived GC-rich and highly heterogeneous ones, with several inde
17 sposable element-derived genes are generally GC-rich and mainly derive from GC-rich parental sequence
18 microchromosome, which are known to contain GC-rich and repetitive regions, but at the distal tip of
22 n -234 and -23 that lacked TATA element, was GC-rich, and harbored several putative cis-regulatory si
23 e lambda-exo-controlled NS-seq peaks are not GC-rich, and only 35.5% overlap with 6.8% of all G4s, su
25 gle-copy genes, and because they are now all GC-rich, any derived from AT-rich contexts must have exp
28 lysis revealed that ICP27-targeted genes are GC-rich (as are HSV genes), contain cytosine-rich sequen
29 T) and two model junctions, which are AT- or GC-rich at the branch points, to show that binding of th
32 inent in the mammalian genome owing to their GC-rich base composition and high density of CpG dinucle
33 ter activation by Osx, suggesting that these GC-rich binding sites were responsible for Satb2 activat
34 bination of approaches, we show that several GC-rich binding transcription factors are involved in po
35 This effect, mediated via LSD1, provides GC-rich binding transcription factors better access to D
39 ong to multiple lineages of both AT-rich and GC-rich branches within a new subfamily to be named the
40 how RacA can both specifically recognize its GC-rich centromere and also non-specifically bind the DN
41 lation is in part due to MeCP2's affinity to GC-rich chromatin, a result replicated using published d
45 t specific targeting and sequencing of these GC-rich cold-spot regions can lead to the identification
46 h mammalian switch regions, because of their GC-rich composition, generates stable R-loops, which pro
47 -2gamma) are transcription factors that bind GC-rich consensus sequences and regulate the expression
49 of several distinct components, including a GC-rich core (core open reading frame [ORF]), an AT-rich
52 cription initiation rate from promoters with GC-rich discriminators, in contrast to the uspA-promoter
55 n by mithramycin with its ability to bind to GC-rich DNA and globally displace Sp1 family transcripti
58 C8-linked PBD-MPB hybrids that can stabilize GC-rich DNA by up to 13-fold compared to AT-rich DNA.
60 nts revealed that hedamycin bound to a 21-bp GC-rich DNA element (-115 to -95) in the survivin promot
61 rase constructs, we have identified an 86-bp GC-rich DNA element (-124 to -39) that mediates the abil
63 hat both ZBP-89 and ATM are recruited to the GC-rich DNA elements of the p21(waf1) promoter with HDAC
66 ite similar, but over time, Alu densities in GC-rich DNA increase in comparison with L1 densities.
67 o propose that long-term Alu accumulation in GC-rich DNA is associated with DNA duplication initiated
68 One of the major selective advantages of GC-rich DNA is hypothesized to be facilitating more comp
69 stress activates the Lmf1 promoter through a GC-rich DNA sequence 264 bp upstream of the transcriptio
70 onsensus Egr-1-binding site element and with GC-rich DNA sequences of the human COL1A2 promoter in vi
75 aterial) comprising a challenging methylated GC-rich DNA template under a novel 96-well microplate fo
76 el-like factor 15 (KLF15), which can bind to GC-rich DNA within the E2F1 promoter, is required for ma
77 We have previously shown that hedamycin, a GC-rich DNA-binding antitumor agent, downregulates survi
82 ans and 0.329 in African Americans) within a GC-rich domain containing consensus binding sites for Sp
83 density of a transcriptionally active 95-kb GC-rich domain on chromosome III of the yeast Saccharomy
85 MGA1 proteins to AT-rich duplex DNA, but not GC-rich duplex DNA, significantly inhibited the methylat
87 ch DNA duplexes associate more strongly than GC-rich duplexes, regardless of the sequence homology.
90 r activity is mediated via KLF4 binding to a GC-rich element located in the hINV promoter distal regu
92 virulence factor, laccase, via binding to a GC-rich element within the 5'-UAS in response to glucose
96 emonstrates that increased binding of Sp3 to GC-rich elements in the betaMyHC promoter is a critical
97 eading to enhanced KLF4 interaction with the GC-rich elements in the p21(Cip1) promoter to activate t
98 NA and protein level and KLF4 binding to the GC-rich elements in the p21(Cip1) proximal promoter.
100 y, we show that the promoter also contains 5 GC-rich elements that contribute to promoter activity an
105 at carry gene fragments specifically acquire GC-rich fragments and preferentially insert into the 5'
106 rs, guanine-cytosine (GC) content, number of GC-rich gene-rich isochores, density of polymorphic site
109 eutherian mammals; indeed, the GC content of GC-rich genes appears to have increased in recent times
110 transcription and translation processes, and GC-rich genes implicated in signal transduction and post
112 ll significant decrease in the GC content of GC-rich genes later in at least three groups of mammals:
113 no general decreasing trend in GC content in GC-rich genes or in other genes among eutherian mammals;
115 rion (0.6-microm diameter) encloses a 651-kb GC-rich genome encoding 523 proteins of which 64% are OR
117 ests that other similar clusters of genes in GC-rich genomic regions are missing from the current gen
118 he extremely long ( approximately 1.5-5 kb), GC-rich (>80%) coding variable-number tandem repeat (VNT
122 rgence states inhabit guanine- and cytosine (GC)-rich, highly recombining subtelomeric regions; low d
124 ition is the main mechanism for distributing GC-rich human-specific tandem repeat expansions througho
125 ining RNA hairpins immediately upstream of a GC-rich hybrid formed complexes of reduced stability, wh
126 eudicot genomes (35-42% of G+C content), but GC-rich in the monocot genomes (59-61% of G+C content).
127 gamma-herpesviruses were enriched in short, GC-rich initiation sequences such as CCCAG and depleted
128 uences, rice MULEs capture guanine-cytosine (GC)-rich intergenic sequences, albeit at a much lower fr
129 of nicK leads to nicking of ICEBs1 between a GC-rich inverted repeat in oriT, and NicK was the only I
130 tional and biochemical analysis identified a GC-rich, inverted 14 bp repeat as the recognition sequen
133 patterns in mammalian species suggested that GC-rich isochores might be vanishing in mammalian genome
134 isochores than amphibians and fish, and the GC-rich isochores of birds and mammals have been suggest
137 idence that the poikilothermic alligator has GC-rich isochores, like homeothermic birds and mammals.
138 at may promote RNAPII-transcription at these GC-rich microsatellites: the DSIF complex and PAF1C.
139 "AT"-rich motif (M1a-d) and 2 copies of an "GC"-rich motif (M2 a,b), which when mutated cause expans
140 l activation requires binding of E2F/DP to a GC-rich motif that facilitates HSF-1 binding to a heat-s
141 ry structures of these transcripts yielded a GC-rich motif, which was shown to bind to GR in vitro.
143 the initiation of DNA packaging and for the GC-rich motifs flanking the pac1 T element in terminatio
144 a cells through two evolutionarily conserved GC-rich motifs in conserved Area II, a control region es
145 s for specific binding of Smad3 and Smad4 to GC-rich motifs in the goosecoid promoter, a nodal-regula
146 bolished interaction of Sp1 and Sp3 with the GC-rich motifs located within the minimal promoter regio
147 es demonstrated that Sp1 and Sp3 bind to the GC-rich motifs, a CACCC box and three GC boxes, located
152 e Fragile X cell lines, as well as extremely GC-rich nonrepetitive segments of the GNAQ and GP1BB gen
153 promoter element of the KRAS gene contains a GC-rich nuclease hypersensitive site with three potentia
156 experimentally observed association rates of GC-rich oligomers are higher than rates of AT- rich equi
157 by sequence similarities and the presence of GC-rich or repeat sequences, and some sequences are comp
158 switching propensity is higher when dsDNA is GC-rich or when the 3'-overhang of forked DNA is <15 bas
163 ver, DAP-DNA overstretching is distinct from GC-rich overstretching in that it happens at a significa
165 of the selected DIS sequence is a 4- or 6-nt GC-rich palindrome, although not all sequences with thes
167 old elements are preferentially found in the GC-rich parts of the genome, while young Alus are more o
168 cAMP-response elements (CRE) and a proximal, GC-rich promoter region, which contained atypical CRE.
169 /TR3/ specificity protein 1 complex bound to GC-rich promoter regions of survivin and other Sp-regula
170 equirement for the NR4A1/Sp4 complex to bind GC-rich promoter regions to elevate transcription of the
175 helicase assays demonstrate that BLM unwinds GC-rich rDNA-like substrates that form in the nucleolus
176 ase II transcription activator that binds to GC-rich recognition sites in a number of essential cellu
178 iments demonstrate that the proximal, highly GC-rich region (positions -165 to -139) of the human PDG
180 EKLF site within a previously characterized GC-rich region in the p21 proximal promoter but also by
181 ugments promoter activity of p21 through the GC-rich region located between nucleotides -84 and -74 w
182 urther point mutation studies found that two GC-rich region mutations disrupted the Satb2 130bp promo
184 moter and that targeted deletion of a single GC-rich region spanning -93 to -58 interrupts Sp1- and D
185 taining a half-estrogen response element and GC-rich region that interact with ER and Sp1 proteins.
192 ve significant enrichment of heritability in GC-rich regions and in higher-frequency SNPs for both sc
193 IRs are AT-rich sequences flanked by more GC-rich regions and located predominantly in intergenic
194 that NRF2 prefers binding to AREs flanked by GC-rich regions and that NRF1 prefers AT-rich flanking r
197 lated promoter activity occurred through two GC-rich regions located within 633 bp of the transcripti
198 e with worker-biased expression are found in GC-rich regions of the bee genome and also experience hi
201 these sites shows that RNA Pol II pauses at GC-rich regions that are marked by a sequence motif.
203 onal point mutants were used to identify two GC-rich regions that were responsible for VEGF promoter
204 ellifera, represents a mosaic of GC-poor and GC-rich regions with rates of recombination an order of
205 thod not only for amplification of extremely GC-rich regions, but also for routine DNA diagnostics an
206 particular: structural variants, variants in GC-rich regions, which have significantly improved cover
209 dem repeat composed of at least three 7.6-kb GC-rich repeat units reside within a syntenic region of
210 ymorphism analysis with a highly polymorphic GC-rich repetitive sequence located in the plasmid pTBN1
211 y with the proline glutamic acid-polymorphic GC-rich repetitive sequences protein family of M. tuberc
212 binding sites (LBS1 and LBS2 [LBS1/2]) and a GC-rich replication element (RE) upstream of LBS1/2.
213 Additional experiments demonstrated that a GC-rich response element located -6 to -16 (upstream of
215 ng sequence that includes a 12-14-nucleotide GC-rich RNA duplex between the end of the 5' tRNA half a
216 preferred binding site for this protein is a GC-rich RNA hairpin containing a pyrimidine mismatch.
220 g the AT-rich discriminator of uspA with the GC-rich rrnB-P1 discriminator made the uspA promoter neg
221 ny sequence-specific role, we randomized the GC-rich sequence ((-20)CCGGCTCG(-13)) within the spacer
224 e same AT-rich sequence is concatenated to a GC-rich sequence known to undergo a B-to-S transition ra
225 lized a minimal promoter activity to a 21-bp GC-rich sequence located 130 bp upstream of the X protei
227 GTCT), whereas the Mad MH1 domains bind to a GC-rich sequence resembling Mad binding sites previously
229 s (LBS1/2) and an adjacent 29- to 32-bp-long GC-rich sequence which we termed the replication element
235 multiple transcriptional start sites (TSS), GC-rich sequences and a promoter located within -205/+63
236 RGG box of ICP27 are required for binding to GC-rich sequences and that the N-terminal portion of ICP
239 noglobulin and HIV promoters to identify the GC-rich sequences at each end required for Sp-factor tar
242 analysis with the wild-type protein bound to GC-rich sequences did not show any discernible folding.
243 FI sites emerged with a general accretion of GC-rich sequences downstream of the eukaryotic transcrip
244 nergy calculations show that single-stranded GC-rich sequences exhibit more favorable solvation by ch
248 mily an overlapping sequence specificity for GC-rich sequences in the regulatory regions of multiple
250 , which alkylates DNA in the minor groove at GC-rich sequences resulting in an unusual bending toward
253 ecipitation assays, have identified distinct GC-rich sequences used by KLF14 to regulate this promote
260 of the Xenopus laevis TrbetaA gene has seven GC-rich sequences, which led us to hypothesize that BTEB
266 tion by binding to the promoter via specific GC-rich sites and recruiting the Sin3-histone deacetylas
271 lements, we find that the presence of a more GC-rich spacer or a spacer with the complement of the P(
272 re, the presence of the P(minor) spacer, the GC-rich spacer, or the complement spacer results in diff
275 h the surface area exposed upon unfolding of GC-rich stem 1 than either AU-rich stem 2 or the hairpin
276 A hybrids followed by formation of a strong, GC-rich stem-loop in the RNA exit channel of RNA polymer
277 t bacterial RNA polymerases (RNAPs) encode a GC-rich stem-loop structure followed by a polyuridine [p
279 nal and translational regulatory elements in GC-rich Streptomyces genomes is essential to elucidating
280 poson revealed an insertional preference for GC-rich streptomycete DNA compared to E.coli vector DNA.
282 ogether, the results provide a model for how GC-rich structural and functional eukaryotic markers eme
283 d structure space, we discovered a family of GC-rich structural cis-regulatory RNA elements, termed s
284 other RGG box proteins; it prefers flexible, GC-rich substrates that do not form stable secondary str
287 alance of amplification efficiencies between GC-rich target sequences of different length, we were ab
294 Rs in 5'-UTRs of housekeeping genes are more GC rich than those of tissue-specific genes and CGG, the
296 these FL-like cells (FLLCs) in nonmalignant GC-rich tissues and the functional consequences of BCL2
297 ciated with a low protein yield; AU-rich and GC-rich transcripts tend to follow distinct decay pathwa
299 ipped-strand nucleation of duplex DNA within GC-rich trinucleotide repeats may result in the changes
300 TATA nor a CAAT box, but is, instead, highly GC-rich with multiple transcription initiation sites.