ライフサイエンスコーパス: Kelvin

1 Kelvin calculated the age of the Earth to be about 24 mi

2 Kelvin considered it unlikely that sufficient time had e

3 Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) has provided deep i

4 Kelvin probe force microscopy and Raman mapping confirm

5 Kelvin probe force microscopy imaging shows a smaller wo

6 Kelvin probe force microscopy is leveraged to show many-

7 Kelvin probe force microscopy was then utilized to chara

8 Kelvin probe microscopy displays that in the presence of

9 Kelvin probe spectroscopy measurements indicate that ele

10 Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability is ubiquitous at Earth's ma

11 Kelvin-solid models produced better predictions of tempo

12 Kelvin-solid models, especially the Prony Series model a

13 istent with a blackbody temperature of 1,000 Kelvin and a luminosity that is 4 percent that of the st

14 mal conductivity of ~19 to 32 Watt meter(-1) Kelvin(-1) from its top to the center, much higher than

15 netic semiconductor, at a temperature of 100 Kelvin.

16 to the Martian core and temperatures to 1023 Kelvin.

17 n transport at all hole concentrations at 11 Kelvin - including the Mott insulator at one hole per mo

18 Photolysis at 10-20 Kelvin results in dissociation of a3FeCO, formation of C

19 where k is Boltzmann's constant and T is 289 Kelvin (= 16 degrees C).

20 f surface structures is equal or above (1/4) Kelvin-Helmholtz wavelength.

21 en the SST anomaly becomes greater than +0.5 Kelvin.

22 egrees W) can consequently be reduced by 0.6 Kelvin for one-year predictions.

23 th the optimized device, we demonstrate at 6 Kelvin a tunable nonlinear response from reverse saturab

24 the planet's temperature is much lower, <60 Kelvin, because the host star is only 0.10 to 0.15 solar

25 By using an energetic argument and a Kelvin condensation model, the quasi-equilibrium liquid-

26 90 K the ions began moving, as measured by a Kelvin probe.

27 ads and vesicles was fit quantitatively by a Kelvin-Voight model for a viscoelastic solid with a mean

28 ependence of strain during recoil also fit a Kelvin-Voight model with similar parameters, suggesting

29 Meanwhile, the results of a Kelvin probe force microscope were shown to have reduced

30 odel for transluminal propagation based on a Kelvin Voigt Fractional Derivative wave equation is expe

31 lance for nanoscopic particles and also to a Kelvin probe based on nanotubes.

32 o describe the undulatory motion have used a Kelvin-Voigt model, where the elastic and viscous compon

33 nertial impedance is considered along with a Kelvin-Voigt link with a hydration layer.

34 ntact-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Kelvin force microscopy (KFM).

35 o-range by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Kelvin force microscopy (KFM).

36 Starting with Gauss and Kelvin, knots in fields were postulated to behave like p

37 less likely at the dayside magnetopause, and Kelvin-Helmholtz waves (KHWs) may be important agents fo

38 Conductive atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy also reveal an increase in

39 nation of piezoresponse force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy, we demonstrate that the s

40 ditions by using atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy.

41 scopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Kelvin Probe techniques.

42 ysis was performed by Raman spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy.

43 UV and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Kelvin force microscopy to characterize the bulk and sur

44 C resistance, AC impedance spectroscopy, and Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM), demonstrate differ

45 sum frequency vibrational spectroscopy, and Kelvin probe force microscopy.

46 opy, inverse photoemission spectroscopy, and Kelvin probe techniques.

47 olution 3D particle tracking velocimetry and Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM).

48 sed for viscoelasticity simulation which are Kelvin-Voigt and standard linear solid models.

49 Using the scanning probe technique known as Kelvin probe force microscopy it is possible to successf

50 scanning probe microscopy techniques such as Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM).

51 ate that an eastward propagating atmospheric Kelvin wave from the Atlantic, through the Indian Ocean,

52 rican monsoon, and the resulting atmospheric Kelvin wave drives equatorial westerly wind anomalies ov

53 terials with standard linear solid behavior (Kelvin bodies).

54 merger process, the fields are amplified by Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities beyond magnetar field str

55 by the surface potential change assessed by Kelvin probe force microscopy.

56 he nanotube wall-conditions not described by Kelvin or Lucas-Washburn models.

57 ies of the topological insulator nanofilm by Kelvin probe force microscopy and reveal its relatively

58 tation and external injection is obtained by Kelvin-probe and scanning-capacitance microscopies.

59 d fluids, antiparallel vortices perturbed by Kelvin waves exhibit the Crow instability, where the mut

60 states across the interface, as revealed by Kelvin probe force microscopy.

61 Further study by Kelvin probe force microscopy reveals an intensified int

62 e-domain spectroscopy mapping and calibrated Kelvin probe force microscopy.

63 By combining Kelvin probe force microscopy imaging and phase-field si

64 th the structure of the convectively coupled Kelvin wave (CCKW).

65 ial Rossby wave and two convectively coupled Kelvin waves span up the initial vortex and accelerated

66 ity of analyzed floods, convectively coupled Kelvin waves, large scale precipitation systems propagat

67 ve thermopower of 17.0 millivolts per degree Kelvin in a flexible, quasi-solid-state, ionic thermoele

68 was increased suddenly by even a few degrees Kelvin, nuclei displayed a repeatable and reversible tem

69 ction over the Maritime Continent dissipates Kelvin wave energy, affecting the strength of the Bjerkn

70 suppressed coastal upwelling and downwelling Kelvin waves.

71 model experiments show that the downwelling Kelvin waves caused by strong westerly wind events over

72 gested earlier to explain elastically driven Kelvin-Helmholtz-like instability in viscoelastic channe

73 mission spectroscopy of material energetics, Kelvin probe measurements of work function, Mott-Schottk

74 weakened Rossby wave westerlies and enhanced Kelvin wave response linked to warming-induced atmospher

75 orce eastward-propagating oceanic equatorial Kelvin waves that extend downward to 1500 meters.

76 ons H close to the thermodynamic equilibrium Kelvin length, 2r(K)costheta, where r(K) is the Kelvin r

77 role in determining the dynamically favored Kelvin modes.

78 thermal hysteresis loops of more than a few Kelvin remains relatively uncommon and unpredictable, so

79 at the vacuum-solid interface often at a few Kelvin, but is not a notion immediately associated with

80 measurements from room temperature to a few Kelvin, we explore the change in the conductive behavior

81 ys can be use as ultrasensitive platform for Kelvin probe force microscopy in sensing experiments.

82 ng clinical findings than that obtained from Kelvin-Voigt model.

83 A generalized Kelvin model of viscoelasticity accurately describes the

84 We used a second-order generalized Kelvin body to model tether-force behavior from which se

85 the lower layers of vegetated canopies, (ii) Kelvin-Helmholtz as well as attached eddies near the veg

86 eciprocal of the denaturation temperature in Kelvin, T(max), and the water volume fraction, epsilon (

87 force detection to form peak force infrared-Kelvin probe force microscopy (PFIR-KPFM), which enables

88 rbidity current energy driven by interfacial Kelvin-Helmholtz waves.

89 nt", later coined as Maxwell's demon by Lord Kelvin.

90 at this scale, we find that the macroscopic Kelvin equation using the characteristics of bulk water

91 ously validated via atomic force microscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy, surface-enhanced Raman sp

92 ibers in the organ reliably respond to milli-Kelvin (mK) temperature increases, a thousand times more

93 atial mapping of skin temperature with milli-Kelvin precision (+/-50 mK) and sub-millimetre spatial r

94 here with a virial temperature of 60 million Kelvin, enriched with metals to the same extent as are l

95 TEM-derived particle size using the modified Kelvin equation for particles in the size range of 5-40

96 Based on the modified Kelvin equation, the surface tension of Ag NPs was found

97 sured TEM sizes as predicted by the modified Kelvin equation.

98 We demonstrate that frequency-modulated Kelvin probe force microscopy (FM-KPFM) provides more ac

99 Using frequency-modulated Kelvin probe force microscopy we were able to resolve th

100 n and enhancing eastward-propagating oceanic Kelvin waves in the tropical Pacific.

101 epening along the TSEA coast through oceanic Kelvin waves, favoring development of MHWs.

102 ionally, we demonstrate the applicability of Kelvin's equation to this field-driven system.

103 On the basis of Kelvin-probe force microscopic potential characterizatio

104 slope currents that flow in the direction of Kelvin wave propagation.

105 uantized vortices and subsequent emission of Kelvin waves along the vortices are thought to be centra

106 e, we have directly observed the emission of Kelvin waves from quantized vortex reconnection.

107 s by approximately 1,400 K (with hundreds of Kelvin uncertainty).

108 es typically occur within specific phases of Kelvin waves.

109 nanoelectrical characterization technique of Kelvin probe force microscopy.

110 nse to a temperature rise of several tens of Kelvin.

111 The century-old Kelvin equation(5) is frequently used to describe conden

112 2 other foam-based heterostructures based on Kelvin and C15 foams that have somewhat smaller but stil

113 Originally, Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) describes the growth

114 sity can be modulated at the level of 1% per Kelvin, which is 100 times larger than the modulation of

115 oncrete mix, and provide scaling factors per Kelvin for multiple settings.

116 ease: the change in [Formula: see text]O per Kelvin temperature increase reduces with DO event amplit

117 he afternoon, and the presence of a possible Kelvin (curvature) effect, which inhibits organic vapour

118 Mapping surface potential with time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy (tr-KPFM) in LiNbO3 period

119 On a local scale, Kelvin probe force microscopy provides a complete and de

120 Scanning Kelvin probe measurements show that these films substant

121 tomic force microscopy (C-AFM), and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM).

122 resolved infrared spectroscopy, and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy are used to investigate the drif

123 responding WF change is measured by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy.

124 ealed by scanning probe microscopy, scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy and first-principle calcul

125 A method based on scanning Kelvin probe microscopy is developed to probe the effect

126 ctron spectroscopy, cross-sectional scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy and cross-sectional transm

127 ission electron microscopy, in situ scanning Kelvin probe microscopy characterization, and phase-fiel

128 nge, we introduce high-speed sparse scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy, which combines sparse sca

129 on of the charge distribution using scanning Kelvin probe microcopy (SKPM) were performed.

130 electrochemical cells (LECs) using Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy (SKPM) and compare the results a

131 n with Fermi-level measurements via scanning Kelvin probe microscopy.

132 ation: illumination that produces only a sub-Kelvin increase in average temperature can reduce, by ma

133 ten require complex heterostructures and sub-Kelvin temperatures, making the discovery of intrinsic,

134 down the long-time monopole dynamics at sub-Kelvin temperatures.

135 Attaining sub-Kelvin temperatures remains technologically challenging

136 ion experiments reach ~200 mK, the first sub-Kelvin cooling with any molecular nanomagnet, and reveal

137 ng the realization of dense coolants for sub-Kelvin refrigeration.

138 , a theoretical analysis of the observed sub-Kelvin zero-field hysteretic spin dynamics of {Cr(III)Dy

139 The Kelvin probe force microscope is a tool for measuring lo

140 The Kelvin probe force microscope presented here is based on

141 atory scale, and partly because WT among the Kelvin waves on quantized vortices is believed to play a

142 As the particles increase in size and the Kelvin barrier falls, subsequent growth is primarily due

143 or increasing solute concentration, and the Kelvin effect, whereby activation potential decreases wi

144 viscoelastic rheological models, such as the Kelvin Voigt Fractional Derivative model, have been prop

145 ectric field of ~1 V/nm, as evidenced by the Kelvin-probe measurements and MD simulations.

146 by organic surfactants, which diminishes the Kelvin effect, is expected to be negated by a concomitan

147 louds ahead of the MJO center, enhancing the Kelvin-Rossby wave feedback.

148 er higher than previous expectations for the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability.

149 ed that the non-linear vortex flows from the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability gives rise to vortex-induce

150 Furthermore, the Kelvin-Voigt model was introduced to interpret the PEK b

151 and so of particular practical interest, the Kelvin equation is expected to break down because the re

152 vin length, 2r(K)costheta, where r(K) is the Kelvin radius and theta is the contact angle.

153 plets, to show that the applicability of the Kelvin equation extends to unexpectedly small lengths, o

154 ability, where the mutual interaction of the Kelvin modes renders them dynamically unstable.

155 s this behaviour to a quantum version of the Kelvin-Helmholtz hydrodynamic instability, driven by the

156 m associated with the nonlinear phase of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability.

157 scription of the vapor pressure based on the Kelvin equation.

158 wn structures such as the octet-truss or the Kelvin cell and show how crystallographic symmetries are

159 too small for spontaneous reconnection, the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability driven by a super-Alfvenic

160 Additional studies revealed the Kelvin effect and particle density, influenced by partic

161 he IRI of AF(G)P-inspired Au colloids to the Kelvin effect.

162 s originally introduced as a solution to the Kelvin problem of finding the 3D tessellation composed o

163 which subsequently grow in amplitude via the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and couple to magnetospheri

164 o well-known equatorially trapped waves, the Kelvin and Yanai modes, owing to the breaking of time-re

165 on of droplet nucleation associated with the Kelvin effect; and the water accommodation coefficient i

166 e spectroscopy measurements coupled with the Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic model.

167 Therefore, Kelvin microscopy, under variable humidity, is a rigorou

168 This Kelvin effect is analogous to the electrochemical behavi

169 Interaction of this Kelvin wave with the orography of the Maritime Continent

170 Turbulence through Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities occurring at the interfac

171 s precipitation anomalies were attributed to Kelvin waves only.

172 ral Pacific for two consecutive years due to Kelvin wave dissipation triggered by the eruption.

173 oding, the enhanced precipitation related to Kelvin waves was found in over 90% of flood events.

174 rs of magnitude improvement over traditional Kelvin probe force microscopy imaging rates.

175 reinforces the PJ pattern via a tropospheric Kelvin wave.

176 Application of the model to a system of two Kelvin bodies in parallel reveals that flow induces an i

177 o July delay the generation of the upwelling Kelvin wave, leading to a later arrival of the upwelling

178 lative humidity (RH), as determined by using Kelvin force microscopy (KFM).

179 l nanometres below the diamond surface using Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) under laser illumin

180 e cycle of myosin motors with a viscoelastic Kelvin-Voigt element that represents the stress fiber.

181 rational sum frequency generation (HD-VSFG), Kelvin-probe measurements, and molecular dynamics (MD) s

182 ity analysis suggested that the ripples were Kelvin-Helmholtz Instabilities.

183 this time span, in surprising agreement with Kelvin's result, the Earth cooled by about 4,000 K in re

184 ate in the 15-21 MLT sector, consistent with Kelvin-Helmholtz instability.

185 events, azimuthal rotations consistent with Kelvin-Helmholtz waves along the magnetopause, and exten

186 2'''-quaterthiophen-5,5'''-diyl)] films with Kelvin probe force microscopy to highlight the role of t

187 ondary ion mass spectrometer (HIM-SIMS) with Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), we demonstrate tha

188 classical scaling laws hold directly at zero Kelvin, which underline the predictive power classical m

189 already at nearly ambient pressures at zero Kelvin.

190 ops where this boundary extrapolates to zero Kelvin, suggesting that fluctuations associated with thi

191 e introduce a hybrid approach combining zero-Kelvin first-principles calculations with a Gaussian pro