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1 PAR degradation by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG
2 PAR is a technically demanding procedure and requires a
3 PAR proteins are initially not competent to polarize but
4 PAR-1 deficiency also reduced leukemogenicity of AML1-ET
5 PAR-1 deficiency was associated with reduced endothelial
6 PAR-2 is activated by proteases secreted by airway neutr
7 PAR-2 is normally expressed basolaterally in differentia
8 PAR-6 and PKC-3 are required in the epidermal epithelium
9 PAR-6 is localized to the rosette vertex and dendrite ti
10 PAR-6 was required for the localization of the microtubu
11 PARs are activated by proteolytic cleavage of their rece
12 PARs are implicated in a wide range of diseases, such as
13 PARs have been the subject of major pharmaceutical resea
14 oblasts via proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTOR
15 ctor (TF) and protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) were highly expressed in primary KPC pancreatic l
16 NH(2)) of the protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), a thrombin receptor expressed by vECs, neuronal
17 bin receptor, protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), as well as deficiency of PAR-1 in all nonhematop
18 both HAM-1 and its target, the kinase PIG-1 [PAR-1(I)-like Gene], leads to abnormal dopaminergic head
21 Lgmn) cleaves protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR(2)) in the acidic OSCC microenvironment to cause pai
24 Inhibition of protease-activated receptor-4 (PAR-4), but not PAR-2, blocked the effects of MET-1.
25 t, specialized aPKC-containing assemblies: a PAR-3-dependent assembly that responds to polarity cues
26 P1 by ADP-ribosylation that is targeted by a PAR-binding E3 ubiquitin ligase, RNF146, leading to 53BP
28 ining hemagglutinin and neuraminidase with a PAR-2 agonist peptide (PAR-2AP) in an intranasal prime b
31 R(2) by irreversible cleavage, and activated PAR(2) is degraded in lysosomes, sustained extracellular
34 is a member of the proteolytically-activated PAR family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) that re
35 dified OSCC microenvironment, Lgmn activates PAR(2) by biased mechanisms that evoke cancer pain.SIGNI
48 rtical polarity regulators PAR-6, PKC-3, and PAR-3 are essential for the polarization of a broad vari
51 a modified version of the Vienna Package and PAR-CLIP data for HuR (ELAVL1) in humans we characterize
52 t that early TEP peaks (<80 ms) from PFC and PAR reflect stimulation site specific activity that is l
53 e were amplitude differences between PFC and PAR TEPs across a wide time range (15-250 ms), however t
54 ome activation and that mimicking biased aPC PAR-1 signaling using parmodulins may be a feasible ther
58 eration of anti-EGFR fibronectin (FN3)-based PARs with high yield, rapid protein production, predicte
60 polyps and turbinates maintained basolateral PAR-2 polarization, suggesting that the calcium response
61 pithelial ALIs responded only to basolateral PAR-2 stimulation, indicated by calcium elevation, incre
62 y emerging evidence for an interplay between PAR-2 and membrane-anchored serine proteases, which may
63 ility of different protease agonists to bias PAR-2 signaling and the newly emerging evidence for an i
69 n-S (CS) and neutrophil elastase (NE) cleave PAR(2) at distinct sites and activate it by biased mecha
70 upilumab treatment in patients with comorbid PAR (n = 41) was associated with significant improvement
73 on, including the sites that are conjugated, PAR chain length and structure, and the physicochemical
74 Polarization requires that the conserved PAR proteins, which specify polarity in the zygote, be p
76 es remodeling of the partitioning-defective (PAR) polarity complex and leads to loss of cell polarity
79 imilar to the effect of Runx1/Cbfb deletion, PAR-1 overexpression induced CDKN1A/p21 expression and a
81 culating prothrombin, and tumor cell-derived PAR-1 and further indicate that one key mechanism of thr
86 synapsis triggers collapse of the elongated PAR structure and, notably, oocytes can be reprogrammed
89 A damage to facilitate repair, but excessive PAR synthesis due to extensive DNA damage results in cel
90 affinity tags), ELTA can be used to explore PAR biology with techniques routinely used to investigat
93 tumor growth with no adverse effects and FN3-PARs reduced immunosuppressive programmed cell death lig
95 ese results demonstrate the potential of FN3-PARs to direct selective T cell-targeted tumor killing a
96 opic breast cancer model, we showed that FN3-PARs can suppress tumor growth with no adverse effects a
99 these data revealed a multifaceted role for PAR-1 in leukemogenesis, and highlight this receptor as
102 ng miRNAs, we analyze multiple datasets from PAR-CLIP experiments in conjunction with RNA-Seq data.
103 iased mechanisms stimulate PKD in the Golgi; PAR(2) mobilization and de novo synthesis repopulate the
104 al. (2017) in Nature Cell Biology, show how PAR protein oligomerization can dynamically couple prote
107 hanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP), we isolated RNAs associated with Argonaute 2
110 ng a Rhinitis Control Scoring System) and in PAR Quality of life (QoL) (measured using the Rhinoconju
111 associated with significant improvements in PAR disease control (measured using a Rhinitis Control S
114 romatin, downregulation of SETDB1, increased PAR in highly-transcribed regions, and mitochondrial dys
116 tase as a model, we show gluten-independent, PAR-2 mediated upregulation of inflammatory pathways in
119 l, Pillay et al. demonstrate that inhibiting PAR-chain turnover results in cell-cycle arrest, which i
120 ly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibits PAR-mediated recruitment of FBXW7 to the DNA damage site
121 ed signaling requires mobilization of intact PAR(2) from the Golgi apparatus or de novo synthesis of
122 ough thrombin and factor Xa, which are known PAR agonists, and cause microthrombosis in liver microci
123 ) female mice but not in female mice lacking PAR(2) in Na(V)1.8-positive neurons (Par(2)Na(v)1.8), no
124 dependent role of PAR-1 in MLL-AF9 leukemia: PAR-1 inhibited rapid leukemic proliferation when there
125 cription of symmetry breaking, wherein local PAR-2-dependent weakening of the actin cortex, together
126 the specific roles of one of four mammalian PARs, namely PAR-2, which is overexpressed in advanced s
129 , including the CaMKK-like Ssp1 and the MARK/PAR-1 family kinase Kin1, that are required for polarize
133 thelial cells (HUVEC) following FXa-mediated PAR activation and investigated whether FXa reactive IgG
134 hown the therapeutic potential of modulating PAR conjugation (PARylation): PAR polymerase (PARP) inhi
135 roles of one of four mammalian PARs, namely PAR-2, which is overexpressed in advanced stage tumors a
137 ation, we show that PAR-6 and PKC-3, but not PAR-3, are essential for postembryonic development.
139 tes that the WD40 domain of FBXW7 is a novel PAR-binding motif that facilitates early recruitment of
143 receptor-1 (PAR-1), as well as deficiency of PAR-1 in all nonhematopoietic cells, also reduces stasis
144 ing to PAR of a defined length, detection of PAR length from proteins and cells, and enrichment of su
145 oss of Xrcc1, a major downstream effector of PAR, also caused persistent PARP1 foci without affecting
146 e secretion, (ii) synergistic enhancement of PAR-mediated activation of the small GTPase RAP1, a regu
147 and the results show striking enrichment of PAR at transcription start sites, depletion of heterochr
150 s show that macroH2A1 alters the kinetics of PAR accumulation following acute DNA damage by both supp
152 e, we report that asymmetric localization of PAR-1 protein is not essential, and that PAR-1 kinase ac
155 demonstrated the cell-dose-dependent role of PAR-1 in MLL-AF9 leukemia: PAR-1 inhibited rapid leukemi
156 st a novel and previously overlooked role of PAR-2 in airway physiology, adding to our understanding
158 n regulation which leads to the synthesis of PAR in the nucleus triggering the release of AIF from th
159 eaved within the extracellular N terminus of PAR(2) at Asn(30) Arg(31), proximal to the canonical try
167 ediatric Admission Record (PAR) was used (OR PAR used compared with PAR not present: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.
170 and TEPs from prefrontal (PFC) and parietal (PAR) cortex were measured before and after administratio
171 of modulating PAR conjugation (PARylation): PAR polymerase (PARP) inhibitors can modulate the format
172 neuraminidase with a PAR-2 agonist peptide (PAR-2AP) in an intranasal prime boost approach increased
173 so induced translocation of a photoconverted PAR(2)-Kaede fusion protein from the Golgi to the plasma
175 s but not CD4(+) T cells from virosomes plus PAR-2AP-primed mice protected from lethal influenza viru
177 from influenza challenge after virosome-plus-PAR-2AP prime boost compared with either virosomes or PA
179 mutual inhibition of anterior and posterior PAR proteins, provides a mechanism for spontaneous symme
184 f three photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels were assessed in fed and unfed specimens of
185 ure and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on the synthesis and emission of isoprene, the most
186 ncoming photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) that better represents the response observed at hig
188 ense photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), but the effects on ocean productivity have receive
192 (i) priming of protease-activated receptor (PAR)-mediated integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) activation and
200 nd function as prosthetic antigen receptors (PARs) allowing selective targeting of tumor antigens whi
201 ods, and when a Paediatric Admission Record (PAR) was used (OR PAR used compared with PAR not present
202 ized (15)N-(15)N proton assisted recoupling (PAR) mixing period and a (13)C dimension for improved re
204 ologous segment, the pseudoautosomal region (PAR), in which the formation of double-strand breaks (DS
210 b in perennial allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (PAR) and perennial allergic asthma (PAA) caused by indoo
211 main of SIRT1 interact with poly-ADP ribose (PAR) in response to DNA damage, and are responsible for
213 vate PARP1/2, which deposit poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) to recruit XRCC1-Ligase3 and other repair factors t
214 Here, the distribution of poly (ADP ribose) (PAR) was determined in CSB-deficient cells using ADPr-Ch
216 alone, it associates with poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chains and is recruited to DNA damage sites in a PA
217 ding the complexity of the poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chains, low abundance of the modification and lack
218 bility to bind the ends of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chains, the function of the histone variant macroH2
219 in human cancers, binds to poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) immediately following DNA damage and mediates rapid
222 sion stimulates PARP-1 and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) protein expression and cisplatin resistance while i
224 (snoRNAs) as activators of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) synthesis, demonstrating that this snoRNA-PAR partn
226 olymers, commonly known as poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), modulate the activities of the modified substrates
227 ication by the addition of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), which promotes protein recruitment and localizatio
232 R) synthesis, demonstrating that this snoRNA-PAR partnership promotes cancer cell growth independent
233 s on autosome axes and loss of a specialized PAR-axis domain that is highly enriched for DSB-promotin
235 active-cells and expression-levels of spinal PAR-2, CGRP and c-Fos in the EA group were greater (P <
236 firm whether EA attenuates VH through spinal PAR-2 activation and CGRP release, goats received an inj
237 ound here that trypsin, CS, and NE stimulate PAR(2)-dependent activation of protein kinase D (PKD) in
239 hed the utility of this approach by studying PAR polarity proteins, which mediate polarization of man
241 nforces proper polarization by synchronizing PAR network activation with cell cycle progression, ther
243 ell cycle progression, thereby ensuring that PAR proteins respond specifically to the correct cue.
247 ically interacts with PAR-6, we propose that PAR-6 promotes non-centrosomal microtubule organization
249 inducible protein degradation, we show that PAR-6 and PKC-3, but not PAR-3, are essential for postem
253 DSB-promoting factors hyperaccumulate in the PAR, its chromosome axes elongate and the sister chromat
254 unique as well as conserved elements in the PAR-binding pocket that can serve as hotspots for the de
255 cis- and trans-acting factors that make the PAR the hottest segment for DSB formation in the male mo
257 e we present a dynamic ultrastructure of the PAR and identify controlling cis- and trans-acting facto
258 pose that the repetitive DNA sequence of the PAR confers unique chromatin and higher-order structures
259 hus, the sexually dimorphic behaviour of the PAR is in part a result of kinetic differences between t
260 hich impose a delay in the activation of the PAR network so that it coincides with maturation of the
262 exes in a race between the maturation of the PAR structure, formation of DSBs and completion of pairi
263 ntified FXa as potent, direct agonist of the PAR-1 (protease-activated receptor 1), leading to platel
264 breast tumour xenografts, inhibition of the PAR-complex-mediated SNAI1 degradation mechanism promote
265 ensional organoid cultures, we show that the PAR-atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) polarity complex in
267 ks cue-sensing and effector roles within the PAR network to ensure robust establishment of polarity.
270 KPC-Par-1(KO) cells indicated that thrombin-PAR-1 signaling significantly altered immune regulation
271 indicate that one key mechanism of thrombin/PAR-1-mediated tumor growth is suppression of antitumor
275 ired to generate an action potential through PAR(2) Inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase
276 ophysical measurements of protein binding to PAR of a defined length, detection of PAR length from pr
278 nt biofouling, and fragments were exposed to PAR levels of 105, 157, or 250 mumol quanta m(-2) s(-1)
280 t OAS1 adds AMP residues in 2',5' linkage to PAR, inhibiting its synthesis in vitro and reducing its
283 oot ganglia neurons with CS, NE, or trypsin, PAR(2) responsiveness initially declined, consistent wit
285 analyzed 385 consecutive patients undergoing PAR (n = 195) or PAD (n = 190) of the encased artery for
288 d the Zinc Finger Protein 598 (ZNF598) using PAR-CLIP and revealed that it cross-links to tRNAs, mRNA
290 endent NMY-2 in the anterior cortex, whereas PAR-2 inhibits CDC-42-dependent NMY-2 in the posterior d
292 rd (PAR) was used (OR PAR used compared with PAR not present: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.98, 2.94, p < 0.001).
293 siveness initially declined, consistent with PAR(2) cleavage and desensitization, and then gradually
294 d R505C) abolish both FBXW7 interaction with PAR and recruitment to DNA damage sites, causing inhibit