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1 tion with SbGP/MPV and aster yellows (16SrI) phytoplasma.
2 ted molecular diagnostic assays for SbGP/MPV phytoplasma.
3 ts infected with a cell wall-less bacterium, phytoplasma.
4    So far, these PMUs appear to be unique to phytoplasmas.
5 ar methods to detect, identify, and classify phytoplasmas.
6 infection by Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB) phytoplasmas.
7 h focuses on the jujube witches' broom (JWB) phytoplasma and investigates the host-manipulating activ
8 s such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids, phytoplasma and nematodes.
9  and glnQ genes are syntenic between the two phytoplasmas and contain the majority of the metabolic g
10 leaf and sterile shoots, organs colonized by phytoplasmas and vectors.
11 such as fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, phytoplasma, and nematodes.
12 tribution, and phylogenetic relationships of phytoplasmas, and a taxonomic system has emerged in whic
13 lant pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, phytoplasmas, and fungi depends upon the abundance and b
14                                              Phytoplasmas are cell wall-less bacteria that cause nume
15                                              Phytoplasmas are insect-transmitted bacterial phytopatho
16 xonomic system has emerged in which distinct phytoplasmas are named as separate "Candidatus phytoplas
17                                              Phytoplasmas are obligate symbionts of plants and insect
18                                              Phytoplasmas are pathogenic bacteria that reprogram plan
19                                              Phytoplasmas are specialized phloem-limited bacteria tha
20                                              Phytoplasmas are transmitted by insect vectors in a pers
21 nd raise a tantalizing possibility for using phytoplasma as a tool to dissect the course of normal pl
22 s the first reported example of a pathogenic phytoplasma as the causal agent of a desirable and econo
23 ercentages of the chromosomes of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris'-related strains OYM and AYWB, occup
24 sitive bacterial genome to be sequenced; and Phytoplasma asteris, the small genome that lacks importa
25 HYL1) effector of PnWB from other species of phytoplasma can trigger the proteasomal degradation of s
26                                              Phytoplasmas ("Candidatus Phytoplasma," class Mollicutes
27 ecently begun on the phytoplasma genome, how phytoplasmas cause disease, the role of mixed phytoplasm
28  played a formative role in emergence of the phytoplasma clade.
29 m acholeplasmas, triggering evolution of the phytoplasma clade.
30                    Phytoplasmas ("Candidatus Phytoplasma," class Mollicutes) cause disease in hundred
31         Additional genome sequencing of PaWB phytoplasma, combined with functional analyses, indicate
32 essfully differentiating it from other known phytoplasma cpn60 UT sequences, while identifying a doub
33 en new opportunities to manage JWB and other phytoplasma diseases.
34 ble fruits, were assayed for the presence of phytoplasma DNA.
35 ) assay provided rapid detection of SbGP/MPV phytoplasma DNA.
36                            In contrast, this phytoplasma effector alongside leafhopper females discou
37 s studies have characterized a few different phytoplasma effector proteins that destabilize specific
38  to an improved understanding of the role of phytoplasma effector SAP11 and provide new insights for
39             Overall the results suggest that phytoplasma effector SAP11 has a modular organization in
40 ur research underscores the dual role of the phytoplasma effector SAP54 in host development alteratio
41 n interaction network between a broad set of phytoplasma effectors and a large, unbiased collection o
42 despread, but specific, interactions between phytoplasma effectors and host transcription factors, es
43 ogen protein interaction networks shows that phytoplasma effectors have unusual targets, indicating t
44 d to the hemocoel at 14-21 daas; finally, OY phytoplasmas entered into type III cells of salivary gla
45                The results indicated that OY phytoplasmas entered the anterior midgut epithelium by s
46 o SVM formation occurred after divergence of phytoplasmas from acholeplasmas, triggering evolution of
47 ses and viroids but also bacteria (including phytoplasma), fungi, and oomycetes.
48 ens in HTS data, such as bacteria (including phytoplasmas), fungi, and oomycetes, and this tool shoul
49 emnants played important roles in generating phytoplasma genetic diversity.
50 alignments suggest that PMUs are involved in phytoplasma genome instability and recombination.
51 ytoplasma pathogenicity, organization of the phytoplasma genome, evolution of new phytoplasma strains
52 continue, research has recently begun on the phytoplasma genome, how phytoplasmas cause disease, the
53     Genome sequencing has revealed that many phytoplasma genomes appear to contain repeated genes org
54 acteria, but events giving rise to the first phytoplasma have remained unknown.
55 ectors have unusual targets, indicating that phytoplasmas have evolved a unique and unusual infection
56                                              Phytoplasmas have small genomes lacking genes for major
57                                          The phytoplasmas have small repeat-rich genomes.
58                                              Phytoplasmas have the smallest genome among bacteria and
59 ansmissible agents, particularly viruses and phytoplasmas, have advanced substantially over the past
60 1 providing evidence that PMUs contribute to phytoplasma host adaptation and have integrated into the
61 igned that was capable of detecting SbGP/MPV phytoplasma in infected plant tissues, successfully diff
62 patiotemporal dynamics of onion yellows (OY) phytoplasma in its vector Macrosteles striifrons were in
63  demonstrates the spatiotemporal dynamics of phytoplasmas in insect vectors.
64 rulence protein SAP54, produced by parasitic phytoplasmas, in attracting leafhopper vectors.
65 ecture, similarly to the disease symptoms of phytoplasma-infected plants, by forming hairy roots.
66 le for the induction of leaf-like flowers in phytoplasma-infected plants.
67 jor symptoms of peanut witches' broom (PnWB) phytoplasma infection in Catharanthus roseus.
68          To obtain further insights into the phytoplasma infection mechanisms, we generated a protein
69  tissues in the presence of SAP54 and during phytoplasma infection, emphasizing the importance of RAD
70 ntribute to the growth defects caused by JWB phytoplasma infection.
71 nds were identified as the major sites of OY phytoplasma infection.
72  into the underlying molecular mechanisms of phytoplasma infection.
73 orphogenesis and increased susceptibility to phytoplasma insect vectors.
74     This accumulation would be important for phytoplasma invasion into salivary glands, and thus for
75 st and it was concluded that an unculturable phytoplasma is the cause of free-branching in poinsettia
76 ation of these assays revealed that SbGP/MPV phytoplasma is widely distributed in Central Mexico, wit
77                     Compared to mycoplasmas, phytoplasmas lack several recombination and DNA modifica
78 wers are more attractive for colonization by phytoplasma leafhopper vectors and this colonization pre
79 tion and vector attraction - integral to the phytoplasma life cycle.
80 d DNA modification functions, and therefore, phytoplasmas may use different mechanisms of recombinati
81 fore, the molecular mechanisms through which phytoplasmas modulate their hosts require further invest
82 y have evolved from plasmids associated with phytoplasma or algae.
83 nostics did not identify an association with phytoplasma or reovirids-pathogens historically reported
84 s employ obligate pathogens such as viruses, phytoplasma, or symbiotic bacteria to intervene with phy
85  progress in understanding the mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity, organization of the phytoplas
86                                 We find that phytoplasma produce a novel effector protein (SAP54) tha
87                                              Phytoplasmas replicate intracellularly in plants and ins
88 s to leafhopper vectors helping the obligate phytoplasmas reproduce and propagate (zombie plants).
89 avastanoi, Pantoea agglomerans, 'Candidatus' phytoplasma, rust fungi, Ustilago smuts, root knot and c
90 ytoplasmas are named as separate "Candidatus phytoplasma species." In large part, this progress has r
91 or-borne disease, focusing on liberibacters, phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas, and Xylella fastidiosa.
92 is independent of the presence of Candidatus Phytoplasma spp. and is not associated with detectable c
93 uorescence staining further revealed that OY phytoplasmas spread along the actin-based muscle fibers
94  sequenced and compared to the onion yellows phytoplasma strain M (OY-M) genome.
95 a) virulence effector SAP11 of Aster Yellows phytoplasma strain Witches' Broom (AY-WB) binds and dest
96 s report that one PMU from the aster yellows phytoplasma strain Witches' Broom (AY-WB) can exist as b
97 hromosome and four plasmids of aster yellows phytoplasma strain witches' broom (AY-WB) were sequenced
98 mong the PMUs in the genome of Aster Yellows phytoplasma strain Witches' Broom (AY-WB).
99 liana) expressing the secreted Aster Yellows phytoplasma strain Witches' Broom protein11 shows an alt
100 ponses, we found that secreted Aster Yellows phytoplasma strain Witches' Broom protein11 suppresses s
101                                              Phytoplasma strain-specific genes identified as phage mo
102  of the phytoplasma genome, evolution of new phytoplasma strains and emergence of new diseases, bases
103 0) showed that the plants were infected with phytoplasma subgroup16SrXIII-(A/I)I (SbGP/MPV).
104 ectors from insect-vectored plant pathogenic phytoplasmas take control of several plant developmental
105  fraction of the potential effectors used by phytoplasmas; therefore, the molecular mechanisms throug
106  a phase-variation mechanism that allows the phytoplasma to adapt to its different hosts.
107 s, for the creation of variability, allowing phytoplasmas to adjust to the diverse environments of pl
108  effector protein enables obligate parasitic phytoplasmas to induce a plethora of developmental pheno
109 led movements and multiplication patterns of phytoplasmas within vectors remain elusive.

 
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